<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2590</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>346</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>380</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>62</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-26</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">International Conventions and Non-State Actors: Selection, Signaling and Reputation Effects</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Whether international humanitarian norms are respected during and after civil conflict depends on the behavior of both governments and nonstate actors (NSAs). However, international conventions on the protection of civilians generally do not address NSAs, as such conventions are open only to the representatives of states. In a pioneering initiative, the nongovernmental organization Geneva Call has started to address this problem by soliciting NSAs to sign “deeds of commitment” to ban particular activities violating humanitarian norms. Focusing on the case of antipersonnel mines, we examine why NSAs would choose to sign conventions that limit their autonomy, and whether such conventions can change the behavior of governments and nonstate armed groups. We propose a game-theoretic model of how the interaction between governments and NSAs shape their incentives to commit to and comply with international humanitarian norms. Our empirical evidence highlights the importance of these interdependencies between governments and NSAs in the realm of humanitarian engagements.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Conflict Resolution</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1177/0022002716650924</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-0027</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Kristian Skrede Gleditsch</author>
    <submitter>Nicole Brünner</submitter>
    <author>Simon Hug</author>
    <author>Livia I. Schubiger</author>
    <author>Julian Wucherpfennig</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>civil wars, civilian casualties, human rights, international treaties</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="HertieResearch" number="">Centre for International Security</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2592</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>262</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>274</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>52</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Predicting the Decline of Ethnic Conflict: Was Gurr Right and For the Right Reasons?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Many scholars have detected a decrease of political violence, but the causes of this decline remain unclear. As a contribution to this debate, we revisit the controversy over trends in conflict after the end of the Cold War. While many made ominous predictions of surging ethnic warfare, Gurr presented evidence of a pacifying trend since the mid-1990s and predicted a further decline in ethnic conflict in an article on ‘the waning of ethnic war’. Leveraging more recent data on ethnic groups and their participation in ethnic civil wars, this study evaluates if Gurr was right about the decline of ethnic conflict, and if he was right for the right reasons. We assess whether an increase in governments’ accommodative policies toward ethnic groups can plausibly account for a decline in ethnic civil war. Our findings lend considerable support to an account of the pacifying trend that stresses the granting of group rights, regional autonomy, and inclusion in power-sharing, as well as democratization and peacekeeping.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Peace Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1177/0022343316684191</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-3433</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Lars-Erik Cederman</author>
    <submitter>Nicole Brünner</submitter>
    <author>Kristian Skrede Gleditsch</author>
    <author>Julian Wucherpfennig</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>civil war, decline of war, ethnic conflict, ethnic inclusion, group rights, power sharing</value>
    </subject>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2595</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>354</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>370</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>109</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Territorial Economy in the Shadow of Conflict: Too Little, Too Late?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This article evaluates the effect of territorial autonomy on the outbreak of internal conflict by analyzing ethnic groups around the world since WWII. Shedding new light on an ongoing debate, we argue that the critics have overstated the case against autonomy policies. Our evidence indicates that decentralization has a significant conflict-preventing effect where there is no prior conflict history. In postconflict settings, however, granting autonomy can still be helpful in combination with central power sharing arrangements. Yet, on its own, postconflict autonomy concessions may be too little, too late. Accounting for endogeneity, we also instrument for autonomy in postcolonial states by exploiting that French, as opposed to British, colonial rule rarely relied on decentralized governance. This identification strategy suggests that naïve analysis tends to underestimate the pacifying influence of decentralization.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">American Political Science Review</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/S0003055415000118</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0003-0554</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Lars-Erik Cederman</author>
    <submitter>Nicole Brünner</submitter>
    <author>Kristian Skrede Gleditsch</author>
    <author>Julian Wucherpfennig</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2596</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>389</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>410</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>67</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A series of studies has shown that civil wars are caused not only by factors inside countries, but also by effects operating across state borders. Whereas a first wave of quantitative studies demonstrated that such effects make the “closed-polity” assumption untenable, more recently researchers have identified particular causal mechanisms driving conflict. Despite these recent advances, a central puzzle remains unresolved, namely why ethnic groups that at least in theory could count on support from large transborder ethnic kin (TEK) groups often have remained surprisingly peaceful, such as the stranded Russian populations in the “near abroad.” We propose a theoretical framework that extends the analysis from the primary dyad between the incumbent and the challenger group by adding a secondary dyad that pits the incumbent against the TEK group. We postulate a curvilinear effect of the TEK group's relative size on conflict onset. Using a new data set on transnational ethnic links, we find that that the risk of conflict increases within the middle range of the size spectrum, consistent with our main hypothesis. This means that large TEK groups have a conflict-dampening effect, provided that they control their own state. Excluded TEK groups, however, are not associated with lower conflict probabilities.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Inernational Organization</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/S0020818313000064</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Lars-Erik Cederman</author>
    <submitter>Nicole Brünner</submitter>
    <author>Kristian Skrede Gleditsch</author>
    <author>Idean Salehyan</author>
    <author>Julian Wucherpfennig</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2597</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>78</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>115</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>64</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Ethnicity, the State, and the Duration of Civil Wars</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Previous research has focused primarily on how ethnicity may trigger civil war, and its effect on conflict duration remains disputed. Rather than treating conflict as a direct consequence of ethnic cleavages, the authors argue that ethnicity per se does not affect civil war duration. Instead, its effect depends on its relationship to political institutions. They employ a dyadic approach that emphasizes the political context in which both government leaders and nonstate challengers can capitalize on the ascriptive nature of ethnicity. They show that although states can initially benefit from politicizing ethnic relations, once violent conflict breaks out, such policies may backfire on the government and make it difficult for incumbent governments to accept settlements that could terminate conflicts. Past policies of ethnic exclusion also benefit rebel organizations fighting the government, since the resulting grievances increase collective group solidarity and render individual fighters more cost tolerant. Using a new data set that codes the nexus between rebel organizations and ethnic groups, as well as information on ethnopolitical exclusion, the authors find considerable support for their propositions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">World Politics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/S004388711100030X</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-8871</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Julian Wucherpfennig</author>
    <submitter>Nicole Brünner</submitter>
    <author>Nils W. Metternich</author>
    <author>Lars-Erik Cederman</author>
    <author>Kristian Skrede Gleditsch</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2599</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>265</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>270</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>73</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Polygyny or Misogyny? Reexamining the "First Law of Intergroup Conflict"</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Kanazawa (2009) proposes a “first law of intergroup conflict,” suggesting that polygyny and its impact on access to reproductive women provides “the ultimate cause” for civil war. This controversial claim is supported by an empirical analysis at odds with most existing studies of civil wars. We reconsider the influence of polygyny in a more conventional statistical model. We fail to find evidence that ethnic groups with polygyny engage more frequently in civil wars, although it is possible to find results indicating that civil wars may be more common in states with legal polygamy. We detail how these findings seem at odds with Kanazawa’s theory and argue that misogyny seems a more plausible source of insights into the context for civil war and peace. We then show that civil wars are less common when women’s rights are better established and that legal polygamy has no discernable residual effect once women’s rights are considered.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Journal of Politics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/S0022381610001003</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-3816</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Kristian Skrede Gleditsch</author>
    <submitter>Nicole Brünner</submitter>
    <author>Julian Wucherpfennig</author>
    <author>Simon Hug</author>
    <author>Karina Garnes Reigstad</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
</export-example>
