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    <title language="eng">Who cares about coal? Analyzing 70 years of German parliamentary debates on coal with dynamic topic modeling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Despite Germany’s Paris Agreement pledge and coal exit legislation, the political debate around carbon-intensive coal remains heated. Coal power and mining have played an important, yet changing role in the history of German politics. In this paper, we analyze the entire parliamentary debate on coal in the German parliament (Bundestag) from its inception in 1949 to 2019. For this purpose we extract the more than 870,000 parliamentary speeches from all protocols in the history of the Bundestag. We identify the 9167 speeches mentioning coal and apply dynamic topic modeling – an unsupervised machine learning technique that reveals the changing thematic structure of large document collections over time – to analyze changes in parliamentary debates on coal over the past 70 years. The trends in topics and their varying internal structure reflect how energy policy was discussed and legitimized over time: Initially, coal was framed as a driver of economic prosperity and guarantee of energy security. In recent years, the debate evolved towards energy transition, coal phase-out and renewable energy expansion. Germany’s smaller and younger parties, the Greens and the Left Party, debate coal more often in the context of the energy transition and climate protection than other parties. Our results reflect trends in other countries and other fields of energy policy. Methodologically, our study illustrates the potential of and need for computational methods to analyze vast corpora of text and to complement traditional social science methods.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energy Research &amp; Social Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.erss.2020.101869</identifier>
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    <author>Finn Müller-Hansen</author>
    <submitter>Caroline Forscht</submitter>
    <author>Max W. Callaghan</author>
    <author>Yuan Ting Lee</author>
    <author>Anna Leipprand</author>
    <author>Christian Flachsland</author>
    <author>Jan C. Minx</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coal transition</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energy policy</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Parliamentary debates</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Topic modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computational text analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="HertieResearch" number="">Centre for Sustainability</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
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  <doc>
    <id>5803</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <volume>4</volume>
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    <completedDate>2025-03-28</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Machine learning map of climate policy literature reveals disparities between scientific attention, policy density, and emissions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Current climate mitigation policies are not sufficient to meet the Paris temperature target, and ramping up efforts will require rapid learning from the scientific literature on climate policies. This literature is vast and widely dispersed, as well as hard to define and categorise, hampering systematic efforts to learn from it. We use a machine learning pipeline using transformer-based language models to systematically map the relevant scientific literature on climate policies at scale and in real-time. Our “living systematic map” of climate policy research features a set of 84,990 papers, and classifies each of them by policy instrument type, sector, and geography. We explore how the distribution of these papers varies across countries, and compare this to the distribution of emissions and enacted climate policies. Results suggests a potential stark under-representation of industry sector policies, as well as diverging attention between science and policy with respect to economic and regulatory instruments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">npj Climate Action</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2731-9814</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s44168-024-00196-0</identifier>
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    <author>Max Callaghan</author>
    <submitter>Alwine Hoppe</submitter>
    <author>Lucy Banisch</author>
    <author>Niklas Doebbeling-Hildebrandt</author>
    <author>Duncan Edmondson</author>
    <author>Christian Flachsland</author>
    <author>William F. Lamb</author>
    <author>Sebastian Levi</author>
    <author>Finn Müller-Hansen</author>
    <author>Eduardo Posada</author>
    <author>Shraddha Vasudevan</author>
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    <collection role="HertieResearch" number="">Centre for Sustainability</collection>
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    <title language="eng">The German coal debate on Twitter: Reactions to a corporate policy process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Phasing out coal is a prerequisite to achieving the Paris climate mitigation targets. In 2018, the German government established a multi-stakeholder commission with the mandate to negotiate a plan for the national coal phase-out, fueling a continued public debate over the future of coal. This study analyzes the German coal debate on Twitter before, during, and after the session of the so-called Coal Commission, over a period of three years. In particular, we investigate whether and how the work of the commission translated into shared perceptions and sentiments in the public debate on Twitter. We find that the sentiment of the German coal debate on Twitter becomes increasingly negative over time. In addition, the sentiment becomes more polarized over time due to an increase in the use of more negative and positive language. The analysis of retweet networks shows no increase in interactions between communities over time. These findings suggest that the Coal Commission did not further consensus in the coal debate on Twitter. While the debate on social media only represents a section of the national debate, it provides insights for policy-makers to evaluate the interaction of multi-stakeholder commissions and public debates.</abstract>
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