@book{CedermanHugWucherpfennig, author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Hug, Simon and Wucherpfennig, Julian}, title = {Sharing Power, Securing Peace? Ethnic Inclusion and Civil War.}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {9781108418140}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @article{PoestgesBucksteegRuhnauetal., author = {P{\"o}stges, Arne and Bucksteeg, Michael and Ruhnau, Oliver and B{\"o}ttger, Diana and Haller, Markus and K{\"u}nle, Eglantine and Ritter, David and Schmitz, Richard and Wiedmann, Michael}, title = {Phasing out coal - An impact analysis comparing five large-scale electricity market models}, publisher = {Applied Energy Vol. 319}, doi = {https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/234102}, abstract = {Climate target achievement has a crucial influence on the modelling and the decision processes in the energy sector. It induced the development of several policy instruments to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, including administrative and market-based mechanisms for phasing out coal-fired generation technologies. In order to analyse such instruments, electricity market and energy system models are widely used. However, results and corresponding recommendations largely depend on the formulation of the respective model. This motivates a systematic comparison of five large-scale electricity market models which are applied to European scenarios considering the period until 2030. An evolved diff-in-diff approach is proposed to analyse the effects of two coal phase-out strategies. This contribution expands on that of earlier studies and provides some more general takeaways for both modellers and decision-makers. For instance, the evolved diff-in-diff analysis shows the influence of the reference scenario when evaluating a policy instrument. Furthermore, the importance of technical aspects such as constraints for combined heat and power plants are discussed and implications regarding three dimensions (economic, environmental, and security of supply) are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{RuhnauBucksteegRitteretal., author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Bucksteeg, Michael and Ritter, David and Schmitz, Richard and B{\"o}ttger, Diana and Koch, Matthias and P{\"o}stges, Arne and Wiedmann, Michael and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Why electricity market models yield different results: Carbon pricing in a model-comparison experiment}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2021.111701}, abstract = {The European electricity industry, the dominant sector of the world's largest cap-and-trade scheme, is one of the most-studied examples of carbon pricing. In particular, numerical models are often used to study the uncertain future development of carbon prices and emissions. While parameter uncertainty is often addressed through sensitivity analyses, the potential uncertainty of the models themselves remains unclear from existing single-model studies. Here, we investigate such model-related uncertainty by running a structured model comparison experiment, in which we exposed five numerical power sector models to aligned input parameters—finding stark model differences. At a carbon price of 27 EUR/t in 2030, the models estimate that European power sector emissions will decrease by 36-57\% when compared to 2016. Most of this variation can be explained by the extent to which models consider the market-driven decommissioning of coal- and lignite-fired power plants. Higher carbon prices of 57 and 87 EUR/t yield a stronger decrease in carbon emissions, by 45-75\% and 52-80\%, respectively. The lower end of these ranges can be attributed to the short-term fuel switch captured by dispatch-only models. The higher reductions correspond to models that additionally consider market-based investment in renewables. By further studying cross-model variation in the remaining emissions at high carbon prices, we identify the representation of combined heat and power as another crucial driver of differences across model results.}, language = {en} } @article{CloeteRuhnauCloeteetal., author = {Cloete, Schalk and Ruhnau, Oliver and Cloete, Jan Hendrik and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Blue hydrogen and industrial base products: The future of fossil fuel exporters in a net-zero world}, publisher = {Journal of Cleaner Production Vo. 363}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132347}, abstract = {Is there a place for today's fossil fuel exporters in a low-carbon future? This study explores trade channels between energy exporters and importers using a novel electricity-hydrogen-steel energy systems model calibrated to Norway, a major natural gas producer, and Germany, a major energy consumer. Under tight emission constraints, Norway can supply Germany with electricity, (blue) hydrogen, or natural gas with re-import of captured CO2. Alternatively, it can use hydrogen to produce steel through direct reduction and supply it to the world market, an export route not available to other energy carriers due to high transport costs. Although results show that natural gas imports with CO2 capture in Germany is the least-cost solution, avoiding local CO2 handling via imports of blue hydrogen (direct or embodied in steel) involves only moderately higher costs. A robust hydrogen demand would allow Norway to profitably export all its natural gas production as blue hydrogen. However, diversification into local steel production, as one example of easy-to-export industrial base products, offers an effective hedge against the possibility of lower European blue hydrogen demand. Thus, it is recommended that hydrocarbon exporters like Norway consider a strategic energy export transition to a diversified mix of blue hydrogen and climate-neutral industrial base products.}, language = {en} } @article{EngelGoergTraxler, author = {Engel, Christoph and Goerg, Sebastian and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Intensified support for juvenile offenders on probation: Evidence from Germany}, series = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1111/jels.12311}, pages = {447 -- 490}, abstract = {This paper studies a probation program in Cologne, Germany. The program, which has a clear rehabilitative focus, offers intensified personal support to serious juvenile offenders over the first 6 months of their probation period. To evaluate the program's impact on recidivism, we draw on two research designs. Firstly, a small-scale randomized trial assigns offenders to probation with regular or intensified support. Secondly, a regression discontinuity design exploits a cutoff that defines program eligibility. The results suggest that the program reduces recidivism. The effect seems persistent over at least 3 years. Our evidence further indicates that the drop in recidivism is strongest among less severe offenders.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Raiser, author = {Raiser, Kilian}, title = {Post-Paris: Understanding Pledge and Review and its Implications for International Cooperation on Climate Change}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4407}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44070}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {224}, abstract = {This dissertation studies the mechanisms through which the Paris Agreement proposes to limit global greenhouse gas emissions, and the prospects for these mechanisms to succeed in doing so. In particular it focuses on the Paris Agreement's pledge and review structure, taking a cumulative approach comprising three distinct research papers studying the Agreement from different perspectives. In the first paper I systematically map the literature studying the Agreement and synthesize existing insights on whether or not it will be effective. I find mixed evidence. Potential drivers of effectiveness, such as the Agreement's transparency provisions, are often qualified by concrete barriers, with the information submitted thus far lacking in quality and comparability. Although the literature provides ample recommendations for overcoming such barriers, the success of the Agreement is found to ultimately depend on national ambition. As such, the Paris Agreement's most promising features are found to lie in its facilitation of norm-diffusion and learning. In the second paper I use systematic evidence synthesis methods to review existing literature studying five comparable review mechanisms in the human rights, trade, finance and labour regimes. I identify six common factors that influence the performance of these review mechanisms. Using these as benchmarks to assess the Paris Agreement's review mechanisms I find that the Agreement incorporates many of these features. However, two major shortcomings remain, namely the lack of an assessment of the adequacy of national climate policies, and a lack of capacities to effectively carry out the review process. Combined with existing political constraints, these shortcomings suggest that that the Paris Agreement alone is unlikely to be effective. In the third paper I develop a novel framework for assessing states' nationally determined contribution formulation process based on the state capacities and policy design literatures. I apply the framework to the cases of Brazil, South Africa, India and China. I find that these countries engage imperfectly with the pledge and review structure of the Paris Agreement. They lack systematic processes for formulating their nationally determined contributions, and their international pledges remain detached from domestic climate policy considerations.}, language = {en} } @article{Cingolani, author = {Cingolani, Luciana}, title = {Infrastructural state capacity in the digital age: What drives the performance of COVID-19 tracing apps?}, series = {Governance}, journal = {Governance}, doi = {10.1111/gove.12666}, pages = {1 -- 23}, abstract = {In a context where states increasingly complement their physical presence with digital means, the classic idea of infrastructural state power needs reconsideration. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unparalleled opportunity to that end, given the uniformity of one type of digital infrastructural intervention - the offer of contact tracing apps - and its highly varying performance across geographies. Against this backdrop, the article seeks to expand traditional discussions on state infrastructural power by testing a series of propositions on the explanatory factors behind tracing apps' emergence and adoption rates. The findings stemming from a pool of 150 countries show no straightforward connection between traditional and digital forms of infrastructural power. They also point at the primacy of governmental trust over financial, institutional, and technological factors - including privacy standards - when explaining high adoption, suggesting that the relational aspect of infrastructural power acquires a proportionally greater weight in the digital era.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KalkuhlFlachslandKnopfetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kalkuhl, Matthias and Flachsland, Christian and Knopf, Brigitte and Amberg, Maximilian and Bergmann, Tobias and Kellner, Maximilian and St{\"u}ber, Sophia and Haywood, Luke and Roolfs, Christina and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Auswirkungen der Energiepreiskrise auf Haushalte in Deutschland: sozialpolitische Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen}, organization = {Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH}, pages = {1-37}, language = {de} } @techreport{Rasche, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Rasche, Lucas}, title = {Ukraine: A paradigm shift for the EU's asylum policy?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-43456}, pages = {9}, abstract = {This Policy Brief maps the EU's immediate response to the arrival of more than three million Ukrainian refugees. While the decision to grant them immediate access to protection by activating the Temporary Protection Directive has raised the question whether current events will lead to a paradigm shift in EU asylum and migration policy, the EU's greater test is what member states and the Commission will do next. The Policy Brief discusses why a mechanism for the fair sharing of responsibility is urgently needed and outlines what such a scheme could look. It closes by arguing that the current welcoming of Ukrainian refugees is less a paradigm shift in EU asylum and migration policy than an example of an increased politicisation of access to protection.}, language = {en} } @article{WucherpfennigCederman, author = {Wucherpfennig, Julian and Cederman, Lars-Erik}, title = {Pre-Colonial and Colonial Origins of Inclusive Peace}, series = {The Journal of Politics}, journal = {The Journal of Politics}, doi = {10.1086/719633}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-43555}, abstract = {In a recent contribution to this journal, McAlexander (2020, hereafter McAlexander) seeks to re-analyze Wucherpfennig, Hunziker and Cederman (2016, hereafter WHC) who instrument the effect of ethnic group inclusion on civil conflict by exploiting differences in colonial governance between the French and the British empire. McAlexander proposes a research design that replaces the between-colony dimension of WHC's comparison with a continuous measure of indirect rule that varies be-tween British colonies. We show that McAlexander's study hardly poses a viable reanalysis because his approach is compromised by problems of ecological inference and post-treatment confounding, lead-ing to biased inference by design. We propose a more informative reanalysis, indicating that British colonialism built on suitable customary institutions, unlike the French empire. Although tentative, our analytical extension lends support to WHC's original findings, most importantly that inclusion reduces the risk of post-colonial civil conflict.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CingolaniMcBrideHammerschmid, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Cingolani, Luciana and McBride, Keegan and Hammerschmid, Gerhard}, title = {Human Centric Smart Cities. Redefining the smart city.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44106}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Smart cities have traditionally been studied from a technocentric perspective. However,such technological conceptualizations of smart cities are no longer adequate in today's society. This policy brief discusses another alternative, human centric smart cities. Human centric smart cities are cities that practice smart governance, are collaborative, focused on user needs, supportive of innovation, and are ultimately oriented towards the development of wellbeing and the creation of public valuefor its citizens. In human centric smart cities, the use, implementation, and development of technology is guided by these foundations. The policy brief draws on insightgenerated from an international symposium organized for the City of Berlin on the future of smart cities. The brief itself is structured around four core aspects: human centricity, inter-sectoral collaboration, data governance, and administrative capacity. The brief ends by providing initial recommendations on how to start thinking about and implementing new human centric smart city strategies. Key Points: • In human centric smart cities, adopting a public valueor happiness orientedapproach to development will be critical. • The notion of innovation and service development inside human centric smartcities is changing, driven primarily by a shift in the structure of smart city ecosystems. • New human centric smart city data governance strategies must be in line withthe creation of public value, data sovereignty, and the maintenance offundamental rights and freedoms such as those related to privacy andfreedom of expression. • The change towards more collaborative, open, and human centric smart citieswill require new governance strategies and new administrative capacities.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KellnerKnoppHaywoodetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kellner, Maximilian and Knopp, Felix and Haywood, Luke and Roolfs, Christina and Flachsland, Christian and Kalkuhl, Matthias}, title = {Klimapolitik zwischen CO2-Bepreisung und F{\"o}rderprogrammen. Eine fiskalpolitische Betrachtung.}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Klimapolitische Maßnahmen sind sowohl mit potenziell hohen Einnahmen als auch Ausgaben verbunden. Abh{\"a}ngig von der Entwicklung des CO2-Preises k{\"o}nnen die Einnahmen aus dem nationalen und dem auf Deutschland entfallenden Anteil des europ{\"a}ischen Emissionshandels bis 2030 real insgesamt zwischen 178 und 302 Mrd. Euro betragen. Gleichzeitig wird der reale Gesamtbedarf f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche Klimainvestitionen eines großz{\"u}gigen Green Spending Programms auf bis zu 616 Mrd. Euro gesch{\"a}tzt - ein solches Programm d{\"u}rfte insbesondere bei zu niedrigen CO2-Preisen n{\"o}tig werden. Die Transformation zu Klimaneutralit{\"a}t ließe sich dann nicht ausschließlich durch Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung finanzieren, sondern erfordert zus{\"a}tzliche Mittel aus dem allgemeinen Bundeshaushalt. Dieser Bedarf wird weiter versch{\"a}rft, wenn zur Abfederung der Zusatzbelastung durch steigende Energiepreise ein Klimageld ausgezahlt werden soll. Zur Reduktion der Finanzierungsl{\"u}cke sollte der CO2-Preis daher als Leitinstrument der Klimapolitik ausgebaut und durch begrenzte Subventionsprogramme mit besonders effektiver F{\"o}rderung privater Investitionen unterst{\"u}tzt werden. Neben der inhaltlichen Analyse stellen wir ein Excel-Tool bereit, das zur eigenst{\"a}ndigen Ermittlung des Finanzbedarfs f{\"u}r verschiedene Ausgabenprogramme verwendet werden kann.}, language = {de} } @article{HaatajaBryson, author = {Haataja, Meeri and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Reflections on the EU's AI Act and How We Could Make It Even Better}, series = {TechREG™ Chronicle}, journal = {TechREG™ Chronicle}, number = {March 2022}, editor = {Sadden, Samuel and Leyden, Andrew}, abstract = {Jurisdictions around the world are preparing regulations for artificial intelligence, as investments in AI technologies continue to increase as a source of efficiency and innovation for companies and governments. One of the most influential regulative proposals for AI is that proposed by the European Commission in April 2021, the "AI Act." The EU's proposed regulation has already inspired some international regulative proposals and is likely to broadly impact AI policies around the world. Yet the Act is still in process, it's strengths could be compromised, or it's weaknesses addressed. In this piece, we analyze the core policy concepts of the AI Act, with focus both on those worth amending and defending. These discussions may provide valuable elements for other regions beyond the EU to consider for their own AI policy. While the AI Act could still be improved to make it even more robust in managing AI-related risks to health, safety, and fundamental rights, and to increase incentives to industry to take actions beneficial to both itself and others, overall we applaud this act.}, language = {en} } @article{Bryson, author = {Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Europe Is in Danger of Using the Wrong Definition of AI}, series = {Wired}, journal = {Wired}, abstract = {Some intelligent systems are at risk of being excluded from oversight in the EU's proposed legislation. This is bad for both businesses and citizens.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pavlova, author = {Pavlova, Marina}, title = {Authoritarian Regimes and Financial Crises: Explaining Autocratic Regime Survival and Collapse}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4392}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-43929}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {229}, abstract = {The common notion that financial crises pose serious threats to autocratic regime stability has been challenged over the last decades both on theoretical and empirical grounds by the extensive number of authoritarian regimes that seem to be absolutely impervious to financial and economic shocks. So, why do financial crises only sometimes lead to autocratic regime collapse? What mechanisms do (de)stabilize authoritarian regimes during financial crises? And under what conditions is autocratic regime breakdown likely to happen? This dissertation addresses these questions by bringing together insights from the democratization, comparative autocracy, and political economy strands of research. It argues that the relationship between financial crises and autocratic regime breakdown is highly conditional, and depends on a complex interplay of economic and political factors. In three standalone papers, this dissertation scrutinizes the entire process of crises induced autocratic regime instability and regime collapse, and examines the effects of different economic and political factors on the probability of autocratic regime survival and collapse during specific types of financial crises. The key findings of this dissertation demonstrate that the destabilizing effects of financial crises may vary by crisis type, that in response to financial crises, policymakers in autocracies can implement crisis policies that prolong authoritarian rule, and that institutions by which autocracies govern may immunize them from political risks during financial crises, or, by contrast, may precipitate elite defection and regime collapse. Overall, this dissertation provides many new theoretical and empirical insights into the sources of autocratic regime survival and breakdown during financial crises. It also provides one more evidence that economic and political problems do not exist in isolation from one another, rather they are linked together in complex networks of weirdly tangled cause-effects relationships, which we do not yet fully understand.}, language = {en} } @article{MarquesPowellFuetal., author = {Marques, Marcelo and Powell, Justin J.W. and Fu, Yuan C. and Tseng, Yuen-Hsien and Baker, David P.}, title = {An evolving international research collaboration network: spatial and thematic developments in co-authored higher education research, 1998-2018}, series = {Scientrometrics}, volume = {127}, journal = {Scientrometrics}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1007/s11192-021-04200-w}, pages = {1403 -- 1429}, abstract = {Co-authored research articles in the disciplinarily heterogeneous field of higher education have dramatically increased in this century. As in other fields, rising international co-authorships reflect evolving international collaboration networks. We examine higher education research over two decades, applying automated bibliometric topic identification and social network analysis of 9067 papers in 13 core higher education journals (1998-2018). Remarkable expansion in the volume of papers and co-authorships has, surprisingly, not resulted in a more diverse network. Rather, existing co-authorship patterns are strengthened, with the dominance of scholars from a few Anglophone countries largely maintained. Researchers globally seek to co-author with leading scholars in these countries, especially the US, UK, and Australia—at least when publishing in the leading general higher education journals based there. Further, the two-mode social network analysis of countries and topics suggests that while Anglophone countries have led the development of higher education research, China and Germany, as leading research-producing countries, are increasingly influential within this world-spanning network. Topically, the vast majority of co-authored papers in higher education research focuses on individual-level phenomena, with organizational and system or country-level analysis constituting (much) smaller proportions, despite policymakers' emphasis on cross-national comparisons and the growing importance of university actorhood. We discuss implications thereof for the future of the multidisciplinary field of higher education.}, language = {en} } @incollection{DempseyMcBrideHaatajaetal., author = {Dempsey, Mark and McBride, Keegan and Haataja, Meeri and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence}, series = {The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance}, booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780197579329}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.16}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {The rapid pace of technological advancement and innovation has put existing governance and regulatory mechanisms to the test. There is a clear need for new and innovative regulatory mechanisms that enable governments to successfully manage the integration of digital technologies into our societies, and to ensure that such integration occurs in a sustainable, beneficial, and just manner. Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most debated of such innovations. What exactly is it, how should it be built and deployed, how can it be used, and how should it be regulated? Yet across the period of this debate, AI is becoming widely used and addressed within existing, evolving, and bespoke regulatory contexts. The present chapter explores the extant governance of AI and, in particular, what is arguably the most successful AI regulatory approach to date, that of the European Union. The chapter explores core definitional concepts, shared understandings, values, and approaches currently in play. It argues that not only are the Union's regulations locally effective, but, due to the so-called "Brussels effect," regulatory initiatives within the European Union also have a much broader global impact. As such, they warrant close consideration.}, language = {en} } @misc{TraxlerKarchHurrelmann, author = {Traxler, Christian and Karch, Heribert and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, title = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen. MetallRente Studie 2022. Zwischen sozialstaatlichem Anspruch und Individualisierung}, publisher = {Juventa Verlag GmbH}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6743-9}, pages = {108}, abstract = {Die MetallRente Jugendstudie ist die umfassendste repr{\"a}sentative Untersuchung zum Finanz- und Vorsorgeverhalten junger Menschen in Deutschland. Die f{\"u}nfte Studie analysiert auch Einfl{\"u}sse der Corona-Pandemie auf die Bereitschaft junger Menschen zur Zukunftsplanung und ihr Vorsorgeverhalten. Trauen 17- bis 27-J{\"a}hrige dem Staat eine zukunftsfeste Alterssicherung f{\"u}r ihre Generation zu? Wie stehen sie zu immer neuen politischen Vorschl{\"a}gen? Wie schauen sie auf Sicherheit und Rendite? Angesichts Niedrigzinsen, {\"U}beralterung und mangelnden Reformen orientiert sich eine ganze Generation neu.}, language = {de} } @article{GschwendMuellerMunzertetal., author = {Gschwend, Thomas and M{\"u}ller, Klara and Munzert, Simon and Neunhoeffer, Marcel and Stoetzer, Lukas}, title = {The Zweitstimme Model: A Dynamic Forecast of the 2021 German Federal Election}, series = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, volume = {55}, journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/S1049096521000913}, pages = {85 -- 90}, language = {en} } @article{CavottaMena, author = {Cavotta, Valeria and Mena, S{\´e}bastien}, title = {Prosocial Organizing and the Distance Between Core and Community Work}, series = {Organization Studies}, journal = {Organization Studies}, doi = {10.1177/01708406221099696}, abstract = {Research on prosocial organising has made great strides in understanding how organisations foster durable social change through core work directly targeting specific beneficiaries (e.g. work integration), and also through community work to obtain the cooperation of key stakeholders. Yet, extant research tends to focus on community work that is closely related - or proximal - to core work and is thus weakly equipped to explain how seemingly unrelated, distal community work unfolds. To address this puzzle, we study an Italian work integration social enterprise that engaged in anti-Mafia work to support its core work of reintegrating people with mental health issues. We unveiled the process whereby it came to engage in this distal community work, how this work facilitated the destigmatisation of the beneficiaries and, ultimately, their reintegration in the community. We contribute to the literature on prosocial organising by providing a more complex and nuanced view of the relationship between core and community work, as well as how to manage stigma.}, language = {en} } @article{MaherRiordanŠubic, author = {Maher, Imelda and Riordan, R{\´o}n{\´a}n and Šubic, Neza}, title = {The European Arrest Warrant Before the Irish Courts: Judicial Dialogue, Mutual Trust, and the Limits of Interpretation}, series = {The Irish Jurist}, volume = {67}, journal = {The Irish Jurist}, pages = {14 -- 54}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Wer organisiert die Zivilgesellschaft?}, series = {Community Organizing}, booktitle = {Community Organizing}, editor = {Meier, Tobias and Penta, Leo and Richter, Andreas}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6804-7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {104 -- 111}, language = {de} } @book{DawsondeWitte, author = {Dawson, Mark and de Witte, Floris}, title = {EU Law and Governance}, publisher = {Cambridge}, isbn = {9781108836173}, doi = {10.1017/9781108864046}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {300}, abstract = {What is the EU for? In light of the current state of European integration, EU law cannot meaningfully be appreciated without understanding the political, social and cultural context within which it operates. This textbook proposes a fresh, accessible and interdisciplinary take on the subject that is suitable for one-semester and introductory courses wishing to engage the reader with the wider context of the EU project. It situates the institutions, legal order and central policy domains of the EU in their context and offer students the tools to critically analyse and reflect on European integration and its consequences. With pedagogical features such as further reading, class questions and essay/exams questions to support learning, this textbook enables students to form their own informed opinion on whether the EU offers an appropriate answer to the many questions that it is asked.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GrafPowell, author = {Graf, Lukas and Powell, Justin J.W.}, title = {The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries?}, series = {Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education}, booktitle = {Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education}, editor = {Knight, Elizabeth and Bathmaker, Ann-Marie and Moodie, Gavin and Orr, Kevin and Webb, Susan and Wheelahan, Leesa}, publisher = {Palgrave}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-84502-5_7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {125 -- 144}, abstract = {Higher education is typically viewed as offering the most assured pathways to secure careers and low unemployment rates. Yet, increasingly some groups, not least higher education graduates and their families paying ever-higher tuition fees, question the taken-for-granted contributions higher education makes to individuals and society. While participation rates have climbed worldwide, higher education systems continue to produce winners and losers. In the face of such challenges globally, which alternatives exist? A prominent possibility, pioneered in Germany, is 'dual study' programmes. These programmes fully integrate phases of higher education study and paid work in firms, illustrating how employer interests and investments are (re)shaping advanced skill formation. Co-developed and co-financed by employers, they could ameliorate the global trend towards saddling students with ever-higher education costs and student debt. Grounded in neo-institutional analysis, expert interviews, and document analysis, we analyse the genesis and rapid expansion of dual study programmes, emphasizing the role of employer interests and highlighting distributional conflicts in the new politics of advanced skill formation. Furthermore, we discuss lessons other countries might glean from a new form of work-based higher education in Germany. Reference: Graf, L./Powell, J.J.W. (2022) The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries? In: Knight, E./Bathmaker, A-M./Moodie, G./Orr, K./Webb, S./Wheelahan, L. (Eds.) Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education. London, Palgrave, 125-144.}, language = {en} } @article{StephanyNeuhaeuserStoehretal., author = {Stephany, Fabian and Neuh{\"a}user, Leonie and Stoehr, Niklas and Darius, Philipp and Teutloff, Ole and Braesemann, Fabian}, title = {The CoRisk-Index: A Data-Mining Approach to Identify Industry-Specific Risk Perceptions Related to Covid-19}, series = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1057/s41599-022-01039-1}, abstract = {The global spread of Covid-19 has caused major economic disruptions. Governments around the world provide considerable financial support to mitigate the economic downturn. However, effective policy responses require reliable data on the economic consequences of the corona pandemic. We propose the CoRisk-Index: a real-time economic indicator of corporate risk perceptions related to Covid-19. Using data mining, we analyse all reports from US companies filed since January 2020, representing more than a third of the US workforce. We construct two measures—the number of 'corona' words in each report and the average text negativity of the sentences mentioning corona in each industry—that are aggregated in the CoRisk-Index. The index correlates with U.S. unemployment rates across industries and with an established market volatility measure, and it preempts stock market losses of February 2020. Moreover, thanks to topic modelling and natural language processing techniques, the CoRisk data provides highly granular data on different dimensions of the crisis and the concerns of individual industries. The index presented here helps researchers and decision makers to measure risk perceptions of industries with regard to Covid-19, bridging the quantification gap between highly volatile stock market dynamics and long-term macroeconomic figures. For immediate access to the data, we provide all findings and raw data on an interactive online dashboard.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Deo, author = {Deo, Sahil}, title = {The Under-appreciated Regulatory Challenges posed by Algorithms in FinTech. Understanding interactions among users, firms, algorithm decision systems \& regulators}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4288}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42887}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {299}, abstract = {The rise of automated decision-making systems has been extraordinary in the last few years, both in terms of scale and scope of operation. This is especially true in the field of fintech, where robo financial advisors have gained prominence with their claim to "democratise" finance, with their low operating costs, multi-tasking abilities and potential for mass adoption. This series of three research papers is focused on demystifying algorithmic explainability in the field of fintech, by diving deep into both theoretical and practical aspects of the phenomenon, and contextualising the discussion to India. The first paper explores the trade-off that emerges between performance and explainability for robo financial advisors, through a detailed review of available literature that allowed comparisons between relevant processes adopted around the world, and interviews with various stakeholders within India to understand the evolving domestic situation. The paper finds that it is not quite a question of if ADS will play a significant role in India's financial services sector but more a question of when that will happen. The second paper operationalises algorithmic explainability in the particular context of risk profiling done by robo financial advisory applications. Here, an approach towards developing a 'RegTech' tool is outlined, which can explain the robo advisor's decision-making, using machine learning models to recognise and reconstruct different levels of explanations. Finally, the third paper evaluates the effectiveness of user-centric explanations in conveying the decision-making logic of complex algorithmic systems in fintech. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of such explanations from the perspectives of both novice and seasoned investors, and goes on to differentiate between white- and black-box explanations. In sum, this three-paper series, using a range of tools and approaches, examines in detail the under-appreciated regulatory and operational challenges that emerge during the use of algorithms in the field of fintech, and explores ways to resolve them. While the first paper looks at the present and future of AI in Indian fintech, the second paper develops a tool to explain a robo advisor's decisionmaking, and the third finds factors that determine users' comprehension and confidence in such systems. The results of these three approaches in the three papers become vital when seen in the context of the rapid rise of artificial intelligence across products, services and industries globally. If humans are to work alongside machines in this changing world, explainability becomes an important aspect to consider for companies, regulators and users alike, in order for humans to trust the algorithmic systems in place and improve outcomes — in this case, financial outcomes — for all.}, language = {en} } @techreport{PahleKoschKnopfetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Pahle, Michael and Kosch, Mirjam and Knopf, Brigitte and Flachsland, Christian and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Eckpunkte und no-regret Maßnahmen f{\"u}r die Weiterentwicklung der CO2-Bepreisung auf deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Ebene. Ariadne-Hintergrund.}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Dieses Papier beschreibt Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung des nationalen Brennstoff-Emissionshandelsgesetzes (BEHG) - und wie ein reibungsfreier {\"U}bergang zur europ{\"a}ischen Ebene gestaltet werden kann. Bei der Einf{\"u}hrung und Ausgestaltung eines EU-Emissionshandelssystem f{\"u}r Geb{\"a}ude und Straßenverkehr (EU ETS-II) bestehen derzeit noch diverse Unsicherheiten. Unabh{\"a}ngig von den Entscheidungen auf europ{\"a}ischer Ebene identifizieren wir jedoch vier No-Regret Maßnahmen zur Weiterentwicklung des BEHG, die in allen F{\"a}llen f{\"o}rderlich sind: 1. Zeitliches Vorziehen und Anhebung des Preiskorridors plus Versteigerung: Die Einf{\"u}hrung eines Preiskorridors und die Versteigerung von Zertifikaten sollte auf das Jahr 2023 vorgezogen werden. Zudem sollte der Preiskorridor angehoben und verbreitert werden, um den neuen nationalen Klimazielen Rechnung zu tragen. 2. BEHG Emissionsmengen analog zu Sektorzielen: Die EU-Kommission hat im Fit-for-55 Paket eine Erh{\"o}hung des deutschen ESR-Ziels auf 50\% vorgeschlagen, was auch ungef{\"a}hr den nationalen Zielen im Rahmen des Klimaschutzgesetzes (KSG) von 2021 entspricht. Um zu einem fr{\"u}heren Zeitpunkt Verbindlichkeit zu schaffen, sollten daher die BEHG-Emissionsmengen aus den KSG Sektorzielen abgeleitet werden. 3. Direkte Pro-Kopf-R{\"u}ckerstattung: F{\"u}r den zu erwartenden Fall deutlich steigender CO2-Preise sollte die Bundesregierung schon vor 2023 die institutionellen Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r die Umsetzung des Klimagelds wie im Koalitionsvertrag beschrieben schaffen. 4. Nationaler CO2-Mindestpreis: Bis sp{\"a}testens 2025 sollte ein Mindestpreis zur eventuellen Erg{\"a}nzung eines EU ETS-II vorbereitet und ggf. implementiert werden. Dadurch kann im Fall anf{\"a}nglich niedriger Preise im EU ETS-II garantiert werden, dass der CO2-Preis in Deutschland weiterhin kontinuierlich ansteigt. Neben diesen Maßnahmen auf nationaler Ebene, sollte sich die Bundesregierung in den Fit-for-55 Verhandlungen einsetzen (1) f{\"u}r die Flexibilit{\"a}t zwischen EU ETS und ESR sowie (2) f{\"u}r ein graduelles Linking zwischen ETS-I und ETS-II. Mit beiden Maßnahmen k{\"o}nnen die sehr hohen Preisunterscheide reduziert und die Effizienz der Klimapolitik erh{\"o}ht werden.}, language = {de} } @techreport{KuehnerJakobFlachsland, type = {Working Paper}, author = {K{\"u}hner, Ann-Kathrin and Jakob, Michael and Flachsland, Christian}, title = {Positionen deutscher Stakeholder zu einem europ{\"a}ischen CO2-Grenzausgleich. Ariadne-Hintergrund.}, pages = {1-39}, abstract = {Die Sorge um „Carbon Leakage" ist ein zentrales Hindernis f{\"u}r eine ambitionierte deutsche und Europ{\"a}ische Klimapolitik und hat in der Vergangenheit zu intensiven politischen Konflikten gef{\"u}hrt. Um angesichts der ambitionierten Klimaziele des Green Deal Carbon Leakage in Zukunft zu verhindern, hat die Europ{\"a}ische Union in ihrem „Fit f{\"u}r 55"-Paket ein CO2-Grenzausgleichssystem (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM) vorgeschlagen. {\"U}ber den Gesetzesvorschlag der Kommission wird momentan im zust{\"a}ndigen Umweltausschuss des EU-Parlaments beraten. Die Entscheidung des EU-Parlaments wird dann an den Rat der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, nun unter dem Vorsitz Frankreichs, {\"u}bermittelt und dort weiter diskutiert. Die Verordnung soll im Januar 2023 in Kraft treten. Angesichts der Sorgen und politischen Konflikte um m{\"o}gliches Carbon Leakage hat die Frage der Unterst{\"u}tzung und Ablehnung der verschiedenen spezifischen Designelemente eines EU CBAM durch verschiedene Stakeholdergruppen eine hohe politische Relevanz. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben wir mehr als 80 der zentralen Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der deutschen Fachdebatte aus Wirtschaft, Zivilgesellschaft und Wissenschaft sowohl nach ihren grundlegenden Einstellungen als auch zu spezifischen Details der Ausgestaltung eines CBAM befragt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass in Deutschland ein CBAM unter den wichtigsten Stakeholdergruppen durchschnittlich bef{\"u}rwortet wird. Als Hauptdiskussionspunkte identifiziert wurden(1) das Auslaufen der kostenlosen Zuteilung von Emissionsrechten bei Einf{\"u}hrung eines CBAM, (2) die Anwendung eines CBAM nur auf Importe (und nicht auch auf Exporte), (3) die Frage ob und f{\"u}r welche L{\"a}nder Ausnahmen gelten sollten und (4) die Verwendung der CBAM-Einnahmen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{KnodtRodiFlathetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knodt, Mich{\`e}le and Rodi, Michael and Flath, Lucas and Kalis, Michael and Kemmerzell, J{\"o}rg and Leukhardt, Falko and Flachsland, Christian}, title = {Mehr Kooperation wagen. Wasserstoffgovernance im deutschen F{\"o}deralismus. Interterritoriale Koordination, Planung und Regulierung.}, pages = {1-36}, abstract = {Die Notwendigkeit einer st{\"a}rkeren Kooperation zwischen Bund und L{\"a}ndern in der Energiewende wird im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen Bundesregierung explizit hervorgehoben. Im Bereich des Wasserstoffes buchstabiert der Koalitionsvertrag hier jedoch keine konkreten Schritte aus, obwohl dem Energietr{\"a}ger mit der im Juni 2020 verabschiedeten Nationalen Wasserstoffstrategie eine zentrale energiepolitische Bedeutung zugewiesen wurde. Die rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen f{\"u}r die Koordination wasserstoffpolitischer Maßnahmen und die Umsetzung der Nationalen Wasserstoffstrategie im deutschen F{\"o}deralismus wurden dabei bis dato noch wenig beachtet. Die vorliegende Ariadne-Analyse diskutiert die M{\"o}glichkeiten der vertikalen Koordination von Bund und L{\"a}ndern sowie der horizontalen Koordination zwischen den Bundesl{\"a}ndern. Die Analyse zeigt: Bestehende Modi der Koordination reichen entweder nicht aus oder werden durch divergierende Ziele nicht genutzt. F{\"u}r eine effektive Umsetzung der Nationalen Wasserstoffstrategie und der Wasserstoffstrategien einzelner L{\"a}nder bedarf es neuer Formen der Bund-L{\"a}nder-Koordination. Wir skizzieren deshalb drei komplement{\"a}re Optionen zur Steigerung der vertikalen und horizontalen Koordinationskapazit{\"a}ten: erstens die Festlegung grundlegender Standards der Herstellung und Nutzung von Wasserstoff, zweitens eine st{\"a}rkere Koordination der Bedarfsplanung und drittens die Institutionalisierung der Kooperation von Bund und L{\"a}ndern.}, language = {de} } @techreport{MairGegenhuberLuehrsenetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mair, Johanna and Gegenhuber, Thomas and L{\"u}hrsen, Ren{\´e} and Th{\"a}ter, Laura}, title = {UpdateDeutschland: Open Social Innovation - thinking ahead and learning}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4292}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42922}, pages = {53}, abstract = {This Learning Report is the result of the accompanying research project on the Open Social Innovation format UpdateDeutschland. The aim is to equip all interested parties with concepts, language and insights to better understand and jointly develop Open Social Innovation. The Learning Report provides an overview of UpdateDeutschland and uses UpdateDeutschland to explain the Open Social Innovation process; analyzes data around challenges, participation, and activity to deepen understanding of the Open Social Innovation methodology in UpdateDeutschland; highlights four different pathways that symbolize how impact was created in UpdateDeutschland; illuminates what broader benefits and challenges emerged for administrations throughout the process; addresses four key organizational challenges; and offers a critical reflection on Open Social Innovation and highlights its transformative potential.}, language = {en} } @article{BucksteegWiedmannPoestgesetal., author = {Bucksteeg, Michael and Wiedmann, Michael and P{\"o}stges, Arne and Haller, Markus and B{\"o}ttger, Diana and Ruhnau, Oliver and Schmitz, Richard}, title = {The transformation of integrated electricity and heat systems—Assessing mid-term policies using a model comparison approach}, series = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, volume = {160}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2022.112270}, abstract = {The development of European power markets is highly influenced by integrated electricity and heat systems. Therefore, decarbonization policies for the electricity and heat sectors, as well as numerical models that are used to guide such policies, should consider cross-sectoral interdependencies and need evaluation. Many model-based policy assessments evaluate potential benefits of combined heat and power. However, the extent of benefits, such as emissions reductions, found in existing studies is subject to considerable variations. While scenarios and model inputs may partly explain such variations, differences in results may also be related to the model formulation itself. Against this background, this study is the first to compare electricity market models in the context of potential benefits of integrated electricity and heat systems in decarbonization. Five large-scale market models covering electricity and heat supply were utilized to study the interactions between a rather simple coal replacement scenario and a more ambitious policy that supports decarbonization through power-to-heat. With a focus on flexibility provision, emissions reduction, and economic efficiency, although the models agree on the qualitative effects, there are considerable quantitative differences. For example, the estimated reductions in overall CO2 emissions range between 0.2 and 9.0 MtCO2/a for a coal replacement scenario and between 0.2 and 25.0 MtCO2/a for a power-to-heat scenario. Model differences can be attributed mainly to the level of detail of combined heat and power modeling and the endogeneity of generation investments. Based on a detailed comparison of the modeling results, implications for modeling choices and political decisions are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MichelMezaCejudo, author = {Michel, Cynthia L. and Meza, Oliver and Cejudo, Guillermo}, title = {Interacting institutional logics in policy implementation}, series = {Governance. An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions}, journal = {Governance. An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions}, doi = {10.1111/gove.12596}, abstract = {When more actors—politicians, bureaucrats, or citizens—get involved in the process of policy implementation, they bring different understanding of their roles and objectives as participants in the policy. These understandings are the means-ends relationships shaping actors' behavior during the implementation process, analyzed in the literature as institutional logics. How do these institutional logics interact during the process of implementation? We argue that institutional logics do not only seamlessly coexist, but they interact in diverse ways: they may coincide, complement, clash or be unrelated. To make these interactions empirically observable, we put forward a working definition for each of them. Using an in-depth case study of a participatory budget in Cananea, a municipality in northern Mexico, we show how the way these logics interact affects implementation: by performing their own role, actors advance their own purpose and contribute to the implementation process, even when they understand it differently. We find that the interaction among those logics do not impede effective implementation, as long as they do not clash.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Mack, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mack, Sebastian}, title = {Turning green into gold - How to make the European green bond standard fit for purpose}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42935}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Green bonds can play an important role when it comes to financing a more sustainable European economy. However, lack of transparency in today's market for them prevents green bonds from achieving their full potential. The European Commission's proposal for a European green bond standard (EuGBS) does little to fight greenwashing and foster investor confidence. To establish the EuGBS as the new gold standard, the European Parliament and EU Council should improve it in three respects. They should (i) strengthen its environmental credentials, (ii) regulate the entire green bond market and not just the EuGBS niche, and (iii) ensure the enforceability of investor rights. That way, a credible EU public standard can become the new benchmark on financial markets and make a positive impact on the environment.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Redeker, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Redeker, Nils}, title = {Same shock, different effects. EU member states' exposure to the economic consequences of Putin's war}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42960}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The economic knock-on effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine are going to be felt throughout Europe. While the overall economic fallout is still difficult to predict, the impact will differ from country to country. This brief takes a very first look at divergences in exposure, focusing on direct trade links, potential costs of energy dependence on Russia and vulnerabilities towards rising energy prices more generally. It shows that the EU's member states' vulnerability to the economic consequences of the war is very unevenly distributed. To cushion the economic blow and ensure political unity, the EU will likely have to organise some sharing of the economic burden of this crisis.}, language = {en} } @article{PatzThorvaldsdottirGoetz, author = {Patz, Ronny and Thorvaldsdottir, Svanhildur and Goetz, Klaus H.}, title = {Accountability and Affective Styles in Administrative Reporting: The Case of UNRWA, 1951-2020}, series = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1093/jopart/muab024}, pages = {111 -- 129}, abstract = {This contribution theorizes on the emergence of affective styles in the accountability reporting of public agencies. Under conditions of multiple accountability towards heterogeneous stakeholders, public agencies are expected to make increased use of sentiment in their reporting. Agencies' differentiated modulation of positive and negative sentiment results in four ideal-typical affective styles: technocratic, political, alarming, and self-praising. The plausibility of this framework is demonstrated for the case of a major international public agency, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), which serves several million Palestine refugees. We conduct a dictionary-based sentiment analysis of UNRWA annual reports published between 1951 and 2020, a corpus of 1.47 million words. Additional evidence from interviews with UNRWA officials and diplomats is also considered. Over time, the agency's use of sentiment has increased in response to diversifying stakeholders and its affective style of reporting has changed repeatedly. Contrary to established theoretical expectations, multiple accountability not only increases positive reporting and self-praise. Rather, with increasing levels of negativity, the alarming and political styles of communication have played a much stronger role. These findings demonstrate that agencies' chief goal in accountability reporting is not simply to elicit positive assessments from their respective accountability forums through self-praising language. Agencies may also aim to achieve "negativity congruence" with accountability forums by increasing negative sentiment, thus compelling stakeholders to acknowledge the operational challenges agencies face.}, language = {en} } @techreport{NguyenRedeker, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nguyen, Thu and Redeker, Nils}, title = {How to make the marriage work: Wedding the Recovery and Resilience Facility and European Semester}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42537}, pages = {8}, abstract = {A year into its existence, the Recovery and Resilience Facility finds itself closely wed to the European Semester. It is a difficult marriage, but it is a marriage made to last. Any debate on the future of the Semester will take place against the backdrop of the RRF experience. And any future fiscal capacity at the EU level will not come without a Semester-style reform leg. It is therefore crucial to make this marriage work. In this policy brief, Nils Redeker and Thu Nguyen argue that this requires three things: 1) scaling back recommendations under the regular Semester, 2) balancing out the asymmetric powers that the Commission now has over different member states, and 3) striking the right balance between flexibility and enforcement of agreed plans.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {UN treaty body views: a distinct pathway to UN human rights treaty impact?}, series = {A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns}, booktitle = {A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns}, publisher = {Pretoria University Law Press (PULP)}, address = {Pretoria}, isbn = {9781991213143}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {443 -- 459}, language = {en} } @incollection{CalıTurkut, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Turkut, Emre}, title = {Turkey: Pandemic Governance and Executive Aggrandisement}, series = {Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic}, booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781032078854}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic not only ravaged human bodies but also had profound and possibly enduring effects on the health of political and legal systems, economies and societies. Almost overnight, governments imposed the severest restrictions in modern times on rights and freedoms, elections, parliaments and courts. Legal and political institutions struggled to adapt, creating a catalyst for democratic decline and catastrophic increases in poverty and inequality. This handbook analyses the global pandemic response through five themes: governance and democracy; human rights; the rule of law; science, public trust and decision making; and states of emergency and exception. Containing 12 thematic commentaries and 25 chapters on countries of diverse size, wealth and experience of COVID-19, it represents the combined effort of more than 50 contributors, including leading scholars and rising voices in the fields of constitutional, international, public health, human rights and comparative law, as well as political science, and science and technology studies. Taking stock after the onset of global emergency, this book provides essential analysis for politicians, policy-makers, jurists, civil society organisations, academics, students and practitioners at both national and international level on the best, and most concerning, practices adopted in response to COVID-19 - and key insights into how states and multilateral institutions should reform, adapt and prepare for future emergencies.}, language = {en} } @article{RaiserFlachslandCalı, author = {Raiser, Kilian and Flachsland, Christian and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Understanding pledge and review: learning from analogies to the Paris Agreement review mechanisms}, series = {Climate Policy}, journal = {Climate Policy}, doi = {10.1080/14693062.2022.2059436}, pages = {1 -- 25}, abstract = {This article draws lessons for the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement's pledge and review mechanisms from the performance of comparable review mechanisms established under other international treaties. The article employs systematic evidence synthesis methods to review the existing literature on international review mechanisms in the human rights, trade, labour, and monetary policy fields and identifies six common factors influencing their performance. Applying these findings to the Paris Agreement, the analysis finds that its review mechanisms incorporate many of these factors. In particular, they combine both expert and peer review, allow for repeated interaction and capacity building, and facilitate the regular and transparent provision of information. The comparative analysis also highlights two major deficiencies of the Paris Agreement: the absence of procedures to assess the adequacy of national pledges and actions taken to implement them, and resource constraints in carrying out a complex and arduous review process. Active engagement of non-state actors with review mechanisms is identified as a potential remedy to these shortcomings. However, the overall experience of other regimes suggests that, on their own, review mechanisms provide few incentives for states to undertake significant policy changes. Rather, the political context of each regime conditions the performance of review mechanisms. We therefore conclude that the Paris Agreement's review mechanisms alone are unlikely to bring about the necessary ratcheting up of climate policy ambitions.}, language = {en} } @misc{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Future of the Liberal Democratic Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London and New York}, isbn = {9780367772307}, pages = {304}, abstract = {This book brings together some of the finest minds of social science to answer the great questions about the future of the liberal order. With contributions from the world of economics, sociology, political science, management, international relations and the humanities, this book provides a unique series of insights. Chapters explore the great questions of our time as they relate to the future of the liberal international and domestic order. Contemporary issues such as populisms, authoritarianism, trust and social cohesion, the future of global governance, finance, religion, and citizenship are addressed along with geopolitical implications and with a balance between expert authority and open-minded critique. It will be essential reading for students, scholars, and reflective practitioners across the human and social sciences.}, language = {en} } @article{TraxlerDušekPardo, author = {Traxler, Christian and Dušek, Libor and Pardo, Nicolas}, title = {Salience and Timely Compliance: Evidence from Speeding Tickets}, series = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management}, volume = {2}, journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management}, edition = {41}, doi = {10.1002/pam.22387}, pages = {426 -- 449}, abstract = {This paper studies the enforcement of fines, and, in particular, the effects of simplification and salience nudges on timely payments. In a randomized controlled trial, we add cover letters to 80,000 payment notifications for speeding. The letters increase the salience of the payment deadline, the late penalty, or both. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. Stressing the late penalty significantly and persistently increases payment rates. The effect is largest if both parameters are made salient. The most effective treatment yields a net revenue gain that covers approximately 25 percent of the labor costs of the ticket administration personnel. A survey experiment documents how the salience nudges alter prior (mis)perceptions about the communicated parameters. The survey results rationalize the differential effects of the treatments and, together with the evidence from the RCT, offer a broader framework for explaining why certain nudges are effective in some contexts but fail in others.}, language = {en} } @article{FranchinoKayserWratil, author = {Franchino, Fabio and Kayser, Mark A. and Wratil, Christopher}, title = {Electoral competitiveness and responsiveness: rational anticipation in the EU Council}, series = {Journal of European Public Policy}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of European Public Policy}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1080/13501763.2021.1991986}, pages = {42 -- 60}, language = {en} } @techreport{Peitz, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Peitz, Laura}, title = {Multilateral Development Banks. Mission, Business Model, Financial Management.}, series = {Hertie School Research Repository Publications}, journal = {Hertie School Research Repository Publications}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4656}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46566}, pages = {43}, abstract = {This primer to Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) provides an up-to-date overview of the MDB system. In addition to developing a systematic definition, it outlines the development mission, business model, and financial operations of all currently existing MDBs. With a particular emphasis on financial realities, it compares MDB borrowing and lending activities, capital accumulation, and their methods for managing financial risks. This article highlights the financial necessities that MDBs face, and offers comparative descriptions that are accessible even to audiences without a finance background. Thereby, it provides academic and policy-oriented readers with intriguing, pertinent, and hitherto often-ignored information about the financial realities of MDBs.}, language = {en} } @article{Bryson, author = {Bryson, Joanna}, title = {The (Most) Algorithmic Animal. Unknowable Causal Structures in the Information Age}, series = {Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1558/jcsr.23612}, pages = {115 -- 121}, abstract = {Rituals are a means of regulation - they are a means for maintaining coherence and attaining long-term goals, including social coherence. But does their efficacy depend entirely, or at all, on their opacity? In this requested commentary on Harvey Whitehouse's new book, The Ritual Animal, I discuss the utility of costly rituals in an evolutionary context, and suggest that causal opacity is only one, potentially substitutable cost. I relate this to the urgent topical concerns of polarization and of regulating sustainability globally.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HaanSunSundeetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Haan, Peter and Sun, Chen and Sunde, Uwe and Weizs{\"a}cker, Georg}, title = {Non-Additivity of Subjective Expectations over Different Time Intervals}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 4}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4660}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46602}, pages = {38}, abstract = {We examine the additivity of stock-market expectations over different time intervals. When asked about a ten-year interval, survey respondents expect a stock-price change that is not equal to, but closer to zero than, the sum of their expectations over two shorter time intervals that cover the same ten years. Such sub-additivity is irrational in that it cannot stem from aggregating short-term expectations. Model estimates show that the pattern is consistent with a time perception where shorter time intervals have a proportionally larger weight. We also find that the respondents' degree of additivity is correlated with making larger financial investments.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Barschkett, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Barschkett, Mara}, title = {Age-specific Effects of Early Daycare on Children's Health}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 5}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4662}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46627}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Over the past decades, the share of very young children in daycare has increased significantly in many OECD countries, including Germany. Despite the relevance of child health for child development and later life success, the effect of early daycare attendance on health has received little attention in the economic literature. In this study, I investigate the impact of a large daycare expansion in Germany on children's age-specific mental and physical health outcomes. Based on a unique set of administrative health records covering 90\% of the German population over a period of ten years, I exploit exogenous variation in daycare attendance induced by the expansion. My results provide evidence for the substitution of illness spells from the first years of elementary school to the first years of daycare. Specifically, I find that early daycare attendance increases the prevalence of respiratory and infectious diseases and healthcare consumption when entering daycare (1-2 years) by 5-6 percent. At elementary school age (6-10 years), the prevalence decreases by similar magnitudes. I do not find evidence for an effect of daycare attendance on mental disorders, obesity, injuries, vision problems, or healthcare costs. Heterogeneity analysis indicates more pronounced effects for children from disadvantaged areas, earlier detection of vision problems, and a reduction in obesity in these children.}, language = {en} } @article{Cingolani, author = {Cingolani, Luciana}, title = {Representative Bureaucracy and Perceptions of Social Exclusion in Europe: Evidence From 27 Countries}, series = {Administration \& Society}, journal = {Administration \& Society}, doi = {10.1177/00953997221137562}, abstract = {Representative bureaucracy theory predicts that mirroring social groups in the composition of the bureaucracy will lead to inclusive policies and less overall exclusion of diverse individuals. While supporting evidence on policy outcomes is abundant, findings on subjective perceptions are mixed. This study tests three hypotheses linking representative bureaucracy to perceived same-group discrimination in the general population. It introduces a novel multidimensional index of bureaucratic underrepresentation, and uses mixed effects hierarchical models to approximate answers. Exploratory findings suggest an "awareness" mechanism may explain the counterintuitive relationship between underrepresentation and feelings of exclusion, by which more diverse public sectors develop alongside higher awareness of discrimination.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Rasche, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Rasche, Lucas}, title = {Implementing Temporary Protection in the EU: From crisis response to long-term strategy}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Following the activation of the Temporary Protection Directive, Lucas Rasche argues in this Policy Brief that member states must urgently transition from crisis-response to developing a longer-term strategy for implementing temporary protection. This requires member states to shift from a reactive to a forward-looking policy. The Brief outlines four areas that will require particular attention in the months ahead: the disproportionate allocation of refugees across EU countries (i), the long-term financial costs of hosting refugees (ii), devising a tailored integration strategy (iii) and preparing for beneficiaries of temporary protection to transit into a durable protection status (iv). The Policy Brief then concludes by discussing the potential spill-over of activating the Temporary Protection Directive to the wider EU asylum policy.}, language = {en} } @article{CostelloFoster, author = {Costello, Cathryn and Foster, Michelle}, title = {(Some) refugees welcome: When is differentiating between refugees unlawful discrimination?}, series = {International Journal of Discrimination and the Law}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Discrimination and the Law}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1177/13582291221116476}, pages = {244 -- 280}, abstract = {Europe's extraordinary response to those fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has prompted many criticisms of Europe's treatment of other refugees, and indeed people of colour and members of ethnic minorities fleeing Ukraine.  While stark, this differentiated response in not unusual:  The global refugee regime treats different refugees differently, as a matter of course.     Refugees often encounter racialized migration controls, and systems which privilege some refugees over others.   The article seeks to clarify when these practices violate the international legal prohibitions on discrimination on grounds of race and nationality.    To do so, it focuses on race discrimination in general international human rights law, clarifying the interaction between general human rights principles and instruments, and the specialist instrument in the field, the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.    We identify how differences in treatment on grounds of nationality may engage the prohibition on race discrimination both directly (in particular when nationality equates to national origin) or indirectly. Concerning nationality discrimination, the article focuses in particular on the added value of Article 3 of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees, which obliges states to 'apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin.'  We examine Article 3 both within the overall scheme of the Refugee Convention and as a source to guide interpretation of international human rights norms.}, language = {en} } @techreport{JessenSchmitzWeinhardt, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jessen, Jonas and Schmitz, Sophia and Weinhardt, Felix}, title = {Immigration, Female Labour Supply and Local Cultural Norms}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 1}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4647}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46471}, pages = {47}, abstract = {We study the local evolution of female labour supply and cultural norms in West Germany in reaction to the sudden presence of East Germans who migrated to the West after reunification. These migrants grew up with high rates of maternal employment, whereas West German families mostly followed the traditional breadwinner-housewife model. We find that West German women increase their labour supply and that this holds within households. We provide additional evidence on stated gender norms, West-East friendships, intermarriage, and child care infrastructure. The dynamic evolution of the local effects on labour supply is best explained by local cultural learning and endogenous child care infrastructure.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CassarFischerValero, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Cassar, Lea and Fischer, Mira and Valero, Vanessa}, title = {Keep Calm and Carry On: The Short- vs. Long-Run Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on (Academic) Performance}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 2}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4648}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46487}, pages = {81}, abstract = {Mindfulness-based meditation practices are becoming increasingly popular in Western societies, including in the business world and in education. While the scientific literature has largely documented the benefits of mindfulness meditation for mental health, little is still known about potential spillovers of these practices on other important life outcomes, such as performance. We address this question through a field experiment in an educational setting. We study the causal impact of mindfulness meditation on academic performance through a randomized evaluation of a well-known 8-week mindfulness meditation training delivered to university students on campus. As expected, the intervention improves students' mental health and non-cognitive skills. However, it takes time before students' performance can benefit from mindfulness meditation: we find that, if anything, the intervention marginally decreases average grades in the short run, i.e., during the exam period right after the end of the intervention, whereas it significantly increases academic performance, by about 0.4 standard deviations, in the long run (ca. 6 months after the end of intervention). We investigate the underlying mechanisms and discuss the implications of our results.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Sprache und Kommunikation in der Politik}, series = {Sprache in Politik und Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Sprache in Politik und Gesellschaft}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Wien}, doi = {10.1515/9783110774306-004}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {35 -- 40}, abstract = {Kommunikation zwischen Regierenden und Regierten ist eine notwendige Bedingung f{\"u}r repr{\"a}sentative Demokratien. B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger m{\"u}ssen wissen, wof{\"u}r Parteien und Kandidaten stehen. Gleichzeitig m{\"u}ssen diese {\"u}ber Interessen und Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Bev{\"o}lkerung informiert sein. Kurzum: ohne Kommunikation funktioniert repr{\"a}sentative Demokratie nicht. Politik und politische Kommunikation sind f{\"u}r die allermeisten von uns aber nicht unmittelbar, sondern nur mittelbar erfahrbar - hier spielen die Medien als „Fenster zur Welt" eine zentrale Rolle. In aller K{\"u}rze werden wir uns der Bedeutung der medialen Ver{\"a}nderung (Radio, Fernsehen, Internet, soziale Medien) f{\"u}r die politische Kommunikation n{\"a}hern. Hierum geht es in einem ersten Teil meines Beitrags. Daran anschließend, im zweiten Teil: Streit! Die politische Auseinandersetzung als Herzst{\"u}ck der Demokratie und besondere Form der Kommunikation. Hart in der Sache, anst{\"a}ndig im Ton um die beste politische L{\"o}sung ringen - so der Idealfall. Doch wo findet diese Auseinandersetzung statt? Im dritten Teil des Beitrags wird das Konzept der {\"O}ffentlichkeit genauer beleuchtet. Vor wenigen Jahrzehnten unterhielt man sich {\"u}ber dieselbe Sendung, die man am Abend davor gesehen hatte - das „rituelle Zusammensein der Nation". Heute leben wir in geteilten und getrennten {\"O}ffentlichkeiten. Filterbubbles, Echokammern. Welche Auswirkungen lassen sich daraus f{\"u}r die demokratische Debatte und die politische Kommunikation ableiten? Im vierten Abschnitt widmet sich der Beitrag großen Fragen, ohne abschließende Antworten zu liefern: Braucht es Regulierung? Kann Kommunikation {\"u}berhaupt reguliert werden? Und von wem?}, language = {de} } @techreport{FritzscheWolf, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Fritzsche, Miriam and Wolf, Nikolaus}, title = {Fickle Fossils. Economic Growth, Coal and the European Oil Invasion, 1900-2015}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 3}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4652}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46529}, pages = {34}, abstract = {Fossil fuels have shaped the European economy since the industrial revolution. In this paper, we analyse the effect of coal and oil on long-run economic growth, exploiting variation at the level of European NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 regions over the last century. We show that an "oil invasion" in the early 1960s turned regional coal abundance from a blessing into a curse, using new detailed data on carboniferous strata as an instrument. Moreover, we show that human capital accumulation was the key mechanism behind this reversal of fortune. Not only did former coal regions fail to accumulate sufficient levels of human capital, but pre-industrial human capital helped declining regions to reinvent themselves. Without sufficient human capital, fossil fuels did never generate sustainable growth.}, language = {en} } @techreport{TraxlerDušek, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Traxler, Christian and Dušek, Libor}, title = {Fines, Non-Payment, and Revenues: Evidence from Speeding Tickets}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4281384}, pages = {29}, abstract = {We estimate the effect of the level of fines on payment compliance and revenues collected from speeding tickets. Exploiting discontinuous increases in fines at speed cutoffs, we implement a regression discontinuity design. The results document small payment responses: a 10 percent increase in the fine (i.e. the payment obligation) induces a 1 percentage point decline in timely payments. The implied revenue elasticity is about 0.9. Expressed in absolute terms, a one euro increase in the fine translates into a roughly 60 cent increase in payments collected.}, language = {en} } @article{Auz, author = {Auz, Juan}, title = {Human rights-based climate litigation: a Latin American cartography}, series = {Journal of Human Rights and the Environment}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Human Rights and the Environment}, number = {1}, issn = {17597196}, doi = {10.4337/jhre.2022.01.05}, pages = {114 -- 136}, abstract = {This article maps climate litigation developments in Latin America and their human rights and constitutional rights implications. As in other regions of the Global South, groups and individuals in Latin America have engaged in litigation to counter environmental harms threatening or violating the enjoyment of their human rights. Climate change, either as a primary or as a secondary concern, is slowly becoming a key focus of this form of strategic human rights-based litigation. Despite the gradual increase of the 'Latin American docket' of climate litigation cases, very few academic accounts have explored its legal dimensions or its contextual underpinnings. This article addresses this lacuna by identifying and examining the constitutional opportunities for and constraints upon adjudicating climate-related cases through human rights law, and also problematizes the development of climate litigation in Latin America by drawing attention to the influence of extractivist political and economic interests. The categories used for analysis stem from the literature on climate litigation in the Global South, case law and interviews with Latin-American litigants. The article concludes by stressing that this type of climate litigation is increasing and has led to several favourable verdicts, but caution is warranted as some political economy elements might hinder the development of such litigation, its inclusivity and long-term effectiveness.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Auz, author = {Auz, Juan}, title = {Two Reputed Allies: Reconciling Climate Justice and Litigation in the Global South}, series = {Litigating the Climate Emergency: How Human Rights, Courts, and Legal Mobilization Can Bolster Climate Action}, booktitle = {Litigating the Climate Emergency: How Human Rights, Courts, and Legal Mobilization Can Bolster Climate Action}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781009106214}, doi = {10.1017/9781009106214.009}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {145 -- 156}, abstract = {Climate litigation in the Global South is a novel and increasingly prominent phenomenon that prompted a first wave of scholarly work examining and systematizing its main features. Despite the rigour that these academic accounts apply to assessing the main legal arguments of both litigants and courts, they fail to address the possible tensions between climate justice and the consequences of a domestic court decision in developing nations that did not substantially contribute to the climate crisis. This piece aims to fill that gap by using case law from the Global South to examine challenges around remedies, which will underscore the tensions between climate justice and litigation. Thereafter, this piece, drawing from international norms, advocates for the recognition of a duty of international cooperation, which can inform future courts' orders in climate cases in both the Global North and the Global South. This normative exercise provides the basis to reconcile climate litigation in the Global South with climate justice, two reputed allies.}, language = {en} } @techreport{WitterSellhornMuelleretal.2022, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Witter, Tobias and Sellhorn, Thorsten and M{\"u}ller, Jens and Kiosse, Vicky}, title = {Balance sheet smoothing}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 6}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4673}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46737}, pages = {100}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We investigate how managers smooth volatility in balance sheets, using the pension accounting change IAS 19R as a shock to balance sheet volatility. This shock increases pension plans' funding transparency, which is the source of volatility, without targeting actual plan funding. We find that managers adjust funding levels, pension asset allocation and assumptions to mitigate volatility at this source, but also plan settlements increase drastically. The volatility of accruals decreases, whereas volatility of discretionary real decisions increases pointing to managerial decisions to alleviate volatility in balance sheets. The exposure to balance sheet volatility and the relative net costs of related smoothing are cross-sectional predictors of smoothing activities. Overall, we provide evidence consistent with a vast body of pension accounting literature mentioning but not explicitly investigating the transmission of pension plan volatility on firms' balance sheets. Our findings link this literature with studies on balance sheet management and provide a new angle on the effects of a transparency mandate in (pension) accounting on managerial decision-making.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HuebenerJessenKuehnleetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Huebener, Mathias and Jessen, Jonas and Kuehnle, Daniel and Oberfichtner, Michael}, title = {Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms' Employment}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 7}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4674}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46747}, pages = {52}, abstract = {Motherhood and parental leave are frequent causes of worker absences and employment interruptions, yet we know little about their effects on firms. Based on linked employer-employee data from Germany, we examine how more generous leave benefits affect firm-level employment and hiring decisions. Focusing on small- and medium-sized firms, we show that more generous benefits reduce firm-level employment in the short term, which is driven by firms with few internal substitutes for the absent mother. However, firms do not respond to longer expected absences by hiring fewer young women, even when few internal substitutes are available. To rationalise the findings, we show that replacement hiring occurs largely before the expected absence and that firms hire more external replacements when fewer internal substitutes are available. These findings indicate that extended leave does not harm _rms when these can plan for the longer worker absences.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierAbelsYangetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M. and Yang, Yuqing and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World}, doi = {10.17901/ecp.2022.076}, pages = {74}, abstract = {This foresight project focuses on a key question for the future of Germany's foreign policy: Given changing geopolitical and economic relationships among major powers, what possible futures can be foreseen soft power approaches or external cultural policy (ECP) in terms of narratives, strategies, goals, policies, and programmatic activities? To address this question, we place Germany in a comparative framework of international relations that considers soft power approaches in the context of prevailing geopolitical and economic relations between the European Union, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China as well as other global players. In each case, we consider soft power approaches relative to hard and sharp power options. The time frame for the future scenarios is the year 2030, anticipating likely and potential developments and events from 2022 onward. The scenarios are based on a series of brainstorming and validation sessions, literature reviews, personal interviews, and an online survey fielded among experts and representatives of leading institutions. We identified two major drivers of future developments: the state of the world economy and the state of the world's security situation. Exploring the interaction between these two drivers yielded four distinct scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierAbelsYangetal., author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M. and Yang, Yuqing and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World - Executive Summary}, series = {"Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World - Executive Summary," in: Helmut K. Anheier and ifa (eds.)}, journal = {"Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World - Executive Summary," in: Helmut K. Anheier and ifa (eds.)}, doi = {10.17901/ecp.2022.077}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {This foresight project focuses on a key question for the future of Germany's foreign policy: Given changing geopolitical and economic relationships among major powers, what possible futures can be foreseen soft power approaches or external cultural policy (ECP) in terms of narratives, strategies, goals, policies, and programmatic activities? To address this question, we place Germany in a comparative framework of international relations that considers soft power approaches in the context of prevailing geopolitical and economic relations between the European Union, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China as well as other global players. In each case, we consider soft power approaches relative to hard and sharp power options. The time frame for the future scenarios is the year 2030, anticipating likely and potential developments and events from 2022 onward. The scenarios are based on a series of brainstorming and validation sessions, literature reviews, personal interviews, and an online survey fielded among experts and representatives of leading institutions. We identified two major drivers of future developments: the state of the world economy and the state of the world's security situation. Exploring the interaction between these two drivers yielded four distinct scenarios.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BorckSchrauth, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Borck, Rainald and Schrauth, Philipp}, title = {Urban pollution: A global perspective}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 8}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4679}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-46797}, pages = {50}, abstract = {We use worldwide satellite data to analyse how population size and density affect urban pollution. We find that density significantly increases pollution exposure. Looking only at urban areas, we find that population size affects exposure more than density. Moreover, the effect is driven mostly by population commuting to core cities rather than the core city population itself. We analyse heterogeneity by geography and income levels. By and large, the influence of population on pollution is greatest in Asia and middle-income countries. A counterfactual simulation shows that PM2.5 exposure would fall by up to 36\% and NO2 exposure up to 53\% if within countries population size were equalized across all cities.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierKnudsen, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {The 21st century trust and leadership problem: Quoi faire?}, series = {Global Policy}, journal = {Global Policy}, issn = {1758-5880}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13162}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Much of the democratic world faces a form of socio-political crisis. To varying degrees, four trends seem to be present in almost every case: declining institutional trust, failing leadership, increasing political polarisation, and weakened accountability. Although each trend has its own dynamic and causes, they jointly create complex challenges and governance problems for democratic societies. Furthermore, underlying them all is the persistent problem of inequality, which erodes trust, prevents the best leaders from rising to the top, polarises society, and shields elites from accountability. We propose a wide range of potential solutions to this crisis. Of the four, we propose that countries focus primarily on increasing institutional trust and improving leadership potential. Both aspects are particularly impactful and malleable, could influence the other two components and, over time, create a virtuous cycle pulling countries out of crisis. Proposed measures for institutional trust include expanded civic literacy, more expansive regulation of tech platforms, stricter media laws to foster better public discourse and a wider use of codes of conduct. For leadership, we propose more diverse channels and expanded selection pools for leadership recruitment, emphasising ethical conviction and targeted incentives for leadership roles. Essential to all of them, however, is tackling inequality.}, language = {en} } @book{Bobić, author = {Bobić, Ana}, title = {The Jurisprudence of Constitutional Conflict in the European Union}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192847034}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {320}, abstract = {A comparative and comprehensive account of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict between the Court of Justice and national courts with the power of constitutional review. This monograph addresses the incidences of, and reasons for, constitutional clashes in the application and enforcement of EU law. It aims to determine how the principle of primacy of EU law works in reality and whether the jurisprudence of the courts under analysis supports this concept. To this end, the book explores the three areas of constitutional conflict: ultra vires review, identity review, and fundamental rights review. The book substantiates the descriptive and strengthens the normative contributions of the theory of constitutional pluralism in relation to the web of relations in the European judicial space. By examining the influence that the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict has on the balance of powers between the Court of Justice and constitutional courts, the volume develops the judicial triangle as an analytical tool that depicts the consequences for the horizontal (constitutional courts vis-{\`a}-vis the Court of Justice) and vertical judicial relationships (Court of Justice vis-{\`a}-vis ordinary national courts; constitutional courts vis-{\`a}-vis ordinary national courts). By offering a thorough compilation of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict in the EU, The Jurisprudence of Constitutional Conflict in the European Union improves our understanding of the principle of primacy of EU law and its limits, as well as reinforces the theory of constitutional pluralism in explaining and guiding judicial power relations and interactions in the EU.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BobićDawson, author = {Bobić, Ana and Dawson, Mark}, title = {How can law contribute to accountability in EU monetary policy?}, series = {The Cambridge Handbook on European Monetary, Economic and Financial Market Integration}, booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook on European Monetary, Economic and Financial Market Integration}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bobić, author = {Bobić, Ana}, title = {Forging Identity-Based Constructive Constitutional Conflict in the European Union}, series = {Autonomy without collapse in a better European Union}, booktitle = {Autonomy without collapse in a better European Union}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192897541. 9780192651976. 9780192651983}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @article{Graf, author = {Graf, Lukas}, title = {Conflictual and consensual class relations in collective governance: Comparing the expansion of short apprenticeships in Germany and Switzerland}, series = {Social Policy \& Administration}, journal = {Social Policy \& Administration}, issn = {1467-9515}, doi = {10.1111/spol.12875}, abstract = {Collective skill formation builds on a long tradition of cooperation between state actors, unions, and employer associations. As such, it can be considered strongly path-dependent, which also refers to deeply institutionalized arrangements reconciling economic and social objectives across public and private actors. Yet, given structural changes in the economy and crises on the training market, dual apprenticeship training has been increasingly challenged to maintain its balance between economic and social objectives. In this context, I analyse the expansion of short-track dual apprenticeship training, which represents a lower-cost, lower-qualification variant of traditional dual apprenticeships in Germany and Switzerland. In these countries—both of which are core examples of collective skill formation systems—such short-tracks were expanded starting in the early 2000s. However, German unions have heavily opposed this expansion, while Swiss unions have actively supported it. I carry out a comparative historical-institutional analysis to address this puzzle and unpack the respective change processes. Focussing on the dominant governance modes, I find that in Switzerland, the expansion of short-tracks is linked to path reinforcement in terms of a liberal corporatist system characterized by polite employer domination. In contrast, in Germany I observe that the developments around short-tracks are associated with a path switch from a social to a more liberal collective skill formation arrangement but one that is linked to rather 'hostile' employer domination.}, language = {en} } @article{DeConinckVanderMaelenBexetal., author = {De Coninck, Joyce and Vander Maelen, Carl and Bex, Fauve and Dua, Odile and Finnerty, Joseph and Inghelbrecht, Febe}, title = {Actualit{\´e}s/News}, series = {Journal europ{\´e}en des droits de l'homme - European Journal of Human Rights (JEDH)}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Journal europ{\´e}en des droits de l'homme - European Journal of Human Rights (JEDH)}, number = {1}, pages = {88 -- 88}, language = {en} } @techreport{EdmondsonFlachslandausdemMooreetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Edmondson, Duncan and Flachsland, Christian and aus dem Moore, Nils and Koch, Nicolas and Koller, Florian and Gruhl, Henri and Brehm, Johannes and Levi, Sebastian}, title = {Assessing Climate Policy Instrument Pathways: An Application to the German Light Duty Vehicle Sector}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4713}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-47130}, pages = {138}, language = {en} } @article{Darius, author = {Darius, Philipp}, title = {Who polarizes Twitter? Ideological polarization, partisan groups and strategic networked campaigning on Twitter during the 2017 and 2021 German Federal elections 'Bundestagswahlen'}, series = {Social Network Analysis and Mining}, volume = {12}, journal = {Social Network Analysis and Mining}, doi = {10.1007/s13278-022-00958-w}, abstract = {Political campaign activities are increasingly digital. A crucial part of digital campaigning is communication efforts on social media platforms. As a forum for political discourse and political communication, parties and candidates on Twitter share public messages and aim to attract media attention and persuade voters. Party or prominent candidate hashtags are a central element of the campaign communication strategy since journalists and citizens search for these hashtags to follow the current debate concerning the hashed party or political candidate. Political elites and partisans use social media strategically, e.g., to link their messages to a broader debate, increase the visibility of messages, criticize other parties, or take over their hashtags (hashjacking). This study investigates the cases of the most recent 2017 and 2021 German federal elections called 'Bundestagswahlen'. The investigation (1) identifies communities of partisans in retweet networks in order to analyze the polarization of the most prominent hashtags of parties, 2) assesses the political behavior by partisan groups that amplify messages by political elites in these party networks, and 3) examines the polarization and strategic behavior of the identified partisan groups in the broader election hashtag debates using \#BTW17 and \#BTW21 as the prominent hashtags of the 2017 and 2021 elections. While in 2017, the far-right party 'Alternative f{\"u}r Deutschland' (AfD) and its partisans are in an isolated community, in 2021, they are part of the same community as the official party accounts of established conservative and liberal parties. This broader polarization may indicate changes in the political ideology of these actors. While the overall activity of political elites and partisans increased between 2017 and 2021, AfD politicians and partisans are more likely to use other party hashtags, which resulted in the polarization of the observed parts of the German political twitter sphere. While in 2017, the AfD polarized German Twitter, 2021 shows a broader division along the classical left-right divide.}, language = {en} } @article{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Mehr Quereinsteiger!}, series = {Die Zeit}, journal = {Die Zeit}, number = {23/2022}, abstract = {Der neue Bundestag mag j{\"u}nger und diverser sein. Wir brauchen dennoch neue Formate f{\"u}r politisches Engagement}, language = {en} } @article{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Ampelregierung - Mehr Fehlerkultur wagen!}, series = {Spiegel}, journal = {Spiegel}, abstract = {Wenn Politik unter Hochdruck arbeitet, passieren Fehler - so wie j{\"u}ngst beim Gezerre um die Gasumlage. Leider verzeiht die Logik der Macht keine Korrekturen. Damit die Demokratie nicht auf Grundeis l{\"a}uft, sollte sich das dringend {\"a}ndern.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Bundestagswahl 2021}, series = {{\"O}sterreichisches Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Politik 2021}, booktitle = {{\"O}sterreichisches Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Politik 2021}, publisher = {B{\"o}hlau / Politische Akademie}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-205-21514-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {117 -- 124}, language = {de} } @article{SękowskaKozłowskaBaranowskaGliszczyńskaGrabias, author = {Sękowska-Kozłowska, Katarzyna and Baranowska, Grażyna and Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksandra}, title = {Sexist Hate Speech and the International Human Rights Law: Towards Legal Recognition of the Phenomenon by the United Nations and the Council of Europe}, series = {International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de S{\´e}miotique juridique}, journal = {International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de S{\´e}miotique juridique}, doi = {10.1007/s11196-022-09884-8}, pages = {1}, abstract = {For many women and girls sexist and misogynistic language is an everyday experience. Some instances of this speech can be categorized as 'sexist hate speech', as not only having an insulting or degrading character towards the individuals to whom the speech is addressed, but also resonating with the entire group, contributing to its silencing, marginalization and exclusion. The aim of this article is to examine how sexist hate speech is handled in international human rights law. The argument derives from the claim than that legal discourse should distinguish between 'sexist speech' and 'sexist hate speech', and that the later may be qualified as a form of violence against women. Then it analyses the approaches of two human rights protection systems—the United Nations and the Council of Europe system—towards the phenomenon of sexist hate speech, by taking their position towards hate speech in general as a point of reference. In both systems, sexist hate speech is being addressed more eagerly under the gender equality framework, including counteracting violence against women, than in their interpretation of hate speech under general human rights law. The article argues the importance of recognizing and addressing sexist hate speech both within the framework of gender equality instruments and anti-hate speech framework established by international human rights bodies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Hustedt, author = {Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Ministerial advisory systems and politics}, series = {Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration}, booktitle = {Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration}, editor = {Ladner, Andreas and Sager, Fritz}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109447.00015}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {93 -- 101}, abstract = {Ministerial advisors are by now established actors at the apex of ministerial departments in many countries around the globe. They advanced to close and often the most intimate advisors to government ministers and other executive politicians and are often the only actors in the ministries allowed to provide political advice. Also, they are often closely involved in the coordination of government coalition politics alongside party-political lines and coordinate between the ministry and the party headquarter. While they, in general, fulfil a much more political role (compared to civil servants), their role and working conditions vary. The chapter looks into different types of ministerial advisory systems, their institutionalization, working dynamics and in particular their role as political advisors. And even though ministerial advisors have received considerable attention by public administration scholars for around two decades, their position has not been accounted for in general public administration or policy process theory. The chapter revises the current literature on the emergence and role of advisors in theoretical, conceptual and empirical regards to provide a state-of-the-art overview of variation in ministerial advisory systems.}, language = {en} } @article{CunhaGomesKamocheetal., author = {Cunha, Miguel Pina e and Gomes, Emanuel and Kamoche, Ken and Mair, Johanna and Miner, Anne and Tarba, Shlomo}, title = {Improvisation, strategy, and strategic improvisation in emerging markets}, series = {European Management Review}, volume = {19}, journal = {European Management Review}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1111/emre.12543}, pages = {349 -- 356}, language = {en} } @misc{SanderZhong, author = {Sander, Thilo and Zhong, Zhihao}, title = {Harmful content on Twitter during COVID-19: Approaches and solutions}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4568}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45683}, pages = {14}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic brought along an "infodemic" which has been amplified in the digital world. We intend to discuss the harmful content onTwitter during the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaches to solve theproblem taken by different sides. We first lay out how disinformation and misinformation have become problems negatively affecting society. We then present solutions and roles by three organisational clusters, namely the platform Twitter itself, governing bodies in the EU and Germany, and civil society such, as the news media and NGOs. Firstly, Twitter's response can be found in their guidelines against harmful content during this pandemic. Secondly, we analyse Germany's Network Enforement Act and the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA). Thirdly, we present criticism from civil society such as "netzpolitik.org" and "HateAid". In conclusion, the paper finds it important to have all three clusters working together to form an effective system against harmful content online, which is in fact advocated by the EU's DSA.The COVID-19 pandemic brought along an "infodemic" which has been amplified in the digital world. We intend to discuss the harmful content on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaches to solve the problem taken by different sides. We first lay out how disinformation and misinformation have become problems negatively affecting society. We then present solutions and roles by three organisational clusters, namely the platform Twitter itself, governing bodies in the EU and Germany, and civil society such, as the news media and NGOs. Firstly, Twitter's response can be found in their guidelines against harmful content during this pandemic. Secondly, we analyse Germany's Network Enforement Act and the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA). Thirdly, we present criticism from civil society such as "netzpolitik.org" and "HateAid". In conclusion, the paper finds it important to have all three clusters working together to form an effective system against harmful content online, which is in fact advocated by the EU's DSA.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kleinaltenkamp, author = {Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J.}, title = {The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4498}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44986}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {126}, abstract = {This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain's inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. "Blockchain organizing" refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'{\^e}tre is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as "present-future convergence". Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may "pull" the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kleinaltenkamp, author = {Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J.}, title = {The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5487}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54871}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {101}, abstract = {This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain's inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. "Blockchain organizing" refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'{\^e}tre is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as "present-future convergence". Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may "pull" the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies.}, language = {en} } @article{MunzertRamirezRuizCalıetal., author = {Munzert, Simon and Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Stoetzer, Lukas F. and Gohdes, Anita R. and Lowe, Will}, title = {Prioritization preferences for COVID-19 vaccination are consistent across five countries}, series = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, number = {439}, doi = {10.1057/s41599-022-01392-1}, abstract = {Vaccination against COVID-19 is making progress globally, but vaccine doses remain a rare commodity in many parts of the world. New virus variants require vaccines to be updated, hampering the availability of effective vaccines. Policymakers have defined criteria to regulate who gets priority access to the vaccination, such as age, health complications, or those who hold system-relevant jobs. But how does the public think about vaccine allocation? To explore those preferences, we surveyed respondents in Brazil, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States from September to December of 2020 using ranking and forced-choice tasks. We find that public preferences are consistent with expert guidelines prioritizing health-care workers and people with medical preconditions. However, the public also considers those signing up early for vaccination and citizens of the country to be more deserving than later-comers and non-citizens. These results hold across measures, countries, and socio-demographic subgroups.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EhrhartEickeHirthetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Ehrhart, Karl-Martin and Eicke, Anselm and Hirth, Lion and Ocker, Fabian and Ott, Marion and Schlecht, Ingmar and Wang, Runxi}, title = {Congestion Management Games in Electricity Markets}, publisher = {ZEW - Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Europ{\"a}ische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH}, address = {Mannheim}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4300874}, pages = {36}, abstract = {This paper proposes a game-theoretic model to analyze the strategic behavior of inc-dec gaming in market-based congestion management (redispatch). We extend existing models by considering incomplete information about competitors' costs and a finite set of providers. We find that these extensions do not dissolve inc-dec gaming, which already occurs in our setup of two regions. We also benchmark market-based redispatch against grid investment, cost-based redispatch, and the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism. The comparison highlights a significant inefficiency of market-based redispatch and inflated redispatch payments. Finally, we study seven variations of our basic model to assess whether different market fundamentals or market design changes mitigate inc-dec gaming. None of these variations eliminate inc-dec gaming entirely.}, language = {en} } @article{CreutzigAcemogluBaietal., author = {Creutzig, Felix and Acemoglu, Daron and Bai, Xuemei and Edwards, Paul N. and Hintz, Marie Josefine and Kaack, Lynn and Kilkis, Siir and Kunkel, Stefanie and Luers, Amy and Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola and Rejeski, Dave and Renn, J{\"u}rgen and Rolnick, David and Rosol, Christoph and Russ, Daniela and Turnbull, Thomas and Verdolini, Elena and Wagner, Felix and Wilson, Charlie and Zekar, Aicha and Zumwald, Marius}, title = {Digitalization and the Anthropocene}, series = {Annual Review of Environment and Resources}, volume = {47}, journal = {Annual Review of Environment and Resources}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-120920-100056}, pages = {479 -- 509}, abstract = {Great claims have been made about the benefits of dematerialization in a digital service economy. However, digitalization has historically increased environmental impacts at local and planetary scales, affecting labor markets, resource use, governance, and power relationships. Here we study the past, present, and future of digitalization through the lens of three interdependent elements of the Anthropocene: (a) planetary boundaries and stability, (b) equity within and between countries, and (c) human agency and governance, mediated via (i) increasing resource efficiency, (ii) accelerating consumption and scale effects, (iii) expanding political and economic control, and (iv) deteriorating social cohesion. While direct environmental impacts matter, the indirect and systemic effects of digitalization are more profoundly reshaping the relationship between humans, technosphere and planet. We develop three scenarios: planetary instability, green but inhumane, and deliberate for the good. We conclude with identifying leverage points that shift human-digital-Earth interactions toward sustainability.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EickeSchittekatte, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Eicke, Anselm and Schittekatte, Tim}, title = {Fighting the wrong battle? A critical assessment of arguments against nodal electricity prices in the European debate}, abstract = {Contrary to liberalized U.S. electricity markets that apply nodal pricing, EU power markets rely on uniform pricing in bidding zones. The EU's zonal pricing model is challenged by an increasing mismatch between network and generation expansion within existing bidding zones, as well as the complexity of defining adequate new bidding zones. A potential solution is to transition to nodal pricing in the EU. The academic literature provides strong evidence of significant cost savings under nodal pricing as compared to zonal pricing. The question is: Why has nodal pricing persistently been discarded in the EU? It cannot be denied that implementing nodal pricing would require significant changes to the EU market design and potentially also the institutional setup. However, so far, the debate in the EU has mostly focused on perceived flaws of the concept of nodal pricing. In this paper, we identify the main arguments against the concept of nodal pricing brought forward by EU stakeholders. We group the arguments into the six categories: susceptibility to market power, barriers to unlock flexibility, market liquidity concerns, increased investment risks, unmanageable complexity, and political undesirability of locational price differentiation. Our contribution is to critically assess each of the arguments and to demonstrate that they do not explain, nor justify, the opposition to nodal pricing. Instead of devoting attention to mostly misconceived flaws of nodal pricing, we urge a reconsideration of a nodal market.}, language = {en} } @article{KuehnerJakobFlachsland, author = {K{\"u}hner, Ann-Kathrin and Jakob, Michael and Flachsland, Christian}, title = {German stakeholder perceptions of an EU carbon border adjustment mechanism}, volume = {17}, publisher = {Environmental Research Letters}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac9f23}, abstract = {The European Commission has proposed a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) that would apply the carbon price prevailing in the EU emissions trading system to import-related emissions. We conducted a survey to study perceptions of an EU CBAM among German key stakeholders from industry, civil society, and research in July 2021. We find that substantial support for CBAM exists as well as the expectation that the mechanism will eventually be introduced. We identified divergent views on key design options among stakeholder groups. Stakeholders from industry generally favour the continuation of free allocation of emissions allowances, rebates for exporters from the EU, coverage of only scope 1 emissions, and use of revenues for domestic spending. Stakeholders from civil society prefer phasing out free allocation, coverage only of imports, an emissions scope including all indirect emissions, exempting low-income countries and countries that do implement non-price-based climate policies, and the use of revenues to finance green transformation in low-income countries. Respondents from research would generally rather see free allocation being phased out, emissions coverage of scope 1 and 2, exemptions for low-income countries and countries that do implement non-price-based policies with comparable effects in relevant sectors and a transfer of revenues to support clean technologies in low-income countries and green technologies in the EU. Our survey design allows us to identify three cross-stakeholder group clusters, one containing stakeholders who are comparably more hesitant towards CBAM, a second one with respondents most in favour of introducing CBAM, as well as a 'middle ground' cluster which contains views that are often in between the other two. We also compare the survey responses to the design of the Commission's CBAM proposal to identify the most likely points of political disagreement.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HirthKhannaRuhnau, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hirth, Lion and Khanna, Tarun and Ruhnau, Oliver}, title = {The (very) short-term price elasticity of German electricity demand}, abstract = {Electricity is a peculiar economic good, the most important reason being that it needs to be supplied at the very moment of consumption. As a result, wholesale electricity prices fluctuate widely at hourly or sub-hourly time scales, regularly reaching multiples of their average, and even turn negative. This paper examines whether the demand for electricity responds to such price variations in the very short term. To solve the classical identification problem when estimating a demand curve, we use weather-driven wind energy generation as an instrument. Our robustness checks confirm that wind energy is indeed a strong and valid instrument. Using data from Germany, we estimate that a 1 €/MWh increase in the wholesale electricity price causes the aggregate electricity demand to decline by 67-80 MW or 0.12-0.14\%, contradicting the conventional wisdom that electricity demand is highly price-inelastic. These estimates are statistically significant and robust across model specifications, estimators, and sensitivity analyses. At average price and demand, our estimates correspond to a price elasticity of demand of about -0.05. Comparing situations with high and low wind energy (5-95th percentile), we estimate that prices vary by 26 €/MWh, and the corresponding demand response to wholesale electricity prices is about 2 GW, or 2.6\% of peak load. Our analysis suggests that the demand response in Germany can be attributed primarily to industrial consumers.}, language = {en} } @article{OhlendorfFlachslandNemetetal., author = {Ohlendorf, Nils and Flachsland, Christian and Nemet, Gregory F. and Steckel, Jan Christoph}, title = {Carbon price floors and low-carbon investment: A survey of German firms}, series = {Energy Policy}, volume = {169}, journal = {Energy Policy}, number = {113187}, issn = {0301-4215}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113187}, abstract = {Introducing a price floor in emissions trading schemes (ETS) theoretically stabilizes expectations on future carbon prices and thus fosters low-carbon investment. Yet, ex post evidence on high carbon prices is scant and the relevance of carbon pricing for investment decisions is frequently contested. We provide empirical ex ante evidence on how a price floor in the EU ETS would impact the size and portfolio of energy firms' investments. Analyzing survey responses of high-level managers in 113 German energy and industry companies, we find that the level of the price floor is crucial. A low price floor trajectory only provides insurance against downward price fluctuations and would leave investments largely unchanged except for industries receiving electricity price compensation, which reduce their investments. A high floor, significantly increasing the price level beyond current expectations, leads to higher investment by the majority of firms, especially by green firms, while investment in fossil energy would partially be abolished. Our studies implies that price floors can be important design components of ETS. However, policymakers need to ensure that they are at sufficiently high levels to affect investment decisions in a meaningful way.}, language = {en} } @article{KaackDontiStrubelletal., author = {Kaack, Lynn and Donti, Priya L. and Strubell, Emma and Kamiya, George and Creutzig, Felix and Rolnick, David}, title = {Aligning artificial intelligence with climate change mitigation}, series = {Nature Climate Change}, volume = {12}, journal = {Nature Climate Change}, doi = {10.1038/s41558-022-01377-7}, pages = {518 -- 527}, abstract = {There is great interest in how the growth of artificial intelligence and machine learning may affect global GHG emissions. However, such emissions impacts remain uncertain, owing in part to the diverse mechanisms through which they occur, posing difficulties for measurement and forecasting. Here we introduce a systematic framework for describing the effects of machine learning (ML) on GHG emissions, encompassing three categories: computing-related impacts, immediate impacts of applying ML and system-level impacts. Using this framework, we identify priorities for impact assessment and scenario analysis, and suggest policy levers for better understanding and shaping the effects of ML on climate change mitigation.}, language = {en} } @article{RuhnauEickeSgarlatoetal., author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Eicke, Anselm and Sgarlato, Raffaele and Tr{\"o}ndle, Tim and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Cost-Potential Curves of Onshore Wind Energy: the Role of Disamenity Costs}, series = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, doi = {10.1007/s10640-022-00746-2}, abstract = {Numerical optimization models are used to develop scenarios of the future energy system. Usually, they optimize the energy mix subject to engineering costs such as equipment and fuel. For onshore wind energy, some of these models use cost-potential curves that indicate how much electricity can be generated at what cost. These curves are upward sloping mainly because windy sites are occupied first and further expanding wind energy means deploying less favorable resources. Meanwhile, real-world wind energy expansion is curbed by local resistance, regulatory constraints, and legal challenges. This presumably reflects the perceived adverse effect that onshore wind energy has on the local human population, as well as other negative external effects. These disamenity costs are at the core of this paper. We provide a comprehensive and consistent set of cost-potential curves of wind energy for all European countries that include disamenity costs, and which can be used in energy system modeling. We combine existing valuation of disamenity costs from the literature that describe the costs as a function of the distance between turbine and households with gridded population data, granular geospatial data of wind speeds, and additional land-use constraints to calculate such curves. We find that disamenity costs are not a game changer: for most countries and assumptions, the marginal levelized cost of onshore wind energy increase by 0.2-12.5 €/MWh.}, language = {en} } @article{KaackRolnickDontietal., author = {Kaack, Lynn and Rolnick, David and Donti, Priya L. and Kochanski, Kelly and Lacoste, Alexandre and Sankaran, Kris and Ross, Andrew S. and Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola and Jaques, Natasha and Waldman-Brown, Anna and Luccioni, Alexandra S. and Maharaj, Tegan and Sherwin, Evan D. and Mukkavilli, Karthik and Kording, Konrad P. and Gomes, Carla P. and Ng, Andrew Y. and Hassabis, Demis and Platt, John C. and Creutzig, Felix and Chayes, Jennifer and Bengio, Yoshua}, title = {Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning}, series = {ACM Computing Surveys}, volume = {55}, journal = {ACM Computing Surveys}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1145/3485128}, pages = {1 -- 96}, abstract = {Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and we, as machine learning experts, may wonder how we can help. Here we describe how machine learning can be a powerful tool in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping society adapt to a changing climate. From smart grids to disaster management, we identify high impact problems where existing gaps can be filled by machine learning, in collaboration with other fields. Our recommendations encompass exciting research questions as well as promising business opportunities. We call on the machine learning community to join the global effort against climate change.}, language = {en} } @techreport{StieweRuhnauHirth, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Stiewe, Clemens and Ruhnau, Oliver and Hirth, Lion}, title = {European industry responds to high energy prices: The case of German ammonia production.}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Since September 2021, European natural gas prices are at record-high levels. On average, they have been six to seven times higher than pre-pandemic price levels. While the post-pandemic recovery of global natural gas demand has driven up prices around the world, the most important drivers for European gas prices were Russia's less-than-usual supply since mid-2021 and its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Western efforts to abandon Russian gas imports altogether mean that high natural gas prices are likely to stay for longer. While high gas prices may be the new normal, there is uncertainty about the economic reaction to this shock. How do energy-intensive industries react? Do global value chains collapse if intermediate goods produced in Europe become uneconomic because of high energy prices? Our preliminary analysis shows that industry response to has in fact been visible from the very onset of the energy crisis. A closer look at German fertilizer production, which heavily relies on natural gas as fuel and feedstock to produce ammonia as an intermediate product, reveals that increased ammonia imports have allowed domestic fertilizer production to remain remarkably stable.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RuhnauMuessel, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Muessel, Jarusch}, title = {Update and extension of the When2Heat dataset}, abstract = {The "When2Heat" dataset comprises synthetic national time series for heat demand and heat pumps' coefficient of performance (COP) in hourly resolution. Heat demands for space and water heating are computed by combining gas standard load profiles with spatial temperature reanalysis data and population geodata. With this update, we extend the dataset to 28 European countries and the period from 2008 to 2019, including new, state-of-the-art data sources. For the geographical extension, we propose a novel approach, shifting established German heat demand curves based on country-specific heating thresholds to account for regional differences in thermal insulation and user behavior. Using the example of Italy, we illustrate the effect of shifting heat demand curves. The dataset, scripts, and input parameters are publicly available under an open-source license on the Open Power System Data platform.}, language = {en} } @article{MunzertRamirezRuizBarberaetal., author = {Munzert, Simon and Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian and Barber{\´a}, Pablo and Guess, Andrew M. and Yang, JungHwan}, title = {Who's cheating on your survey? A detection approach with digital trace data}, series = {Political Science Research and Methods}, journal = {Political Science Research and Methods}, doi = {10.1017/psrm.2022.42}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {In this note, we provide direct evidence of cheating in online assessments of political knowledge. We combine survey responses with web tracking data of a German and a US online panel to assess whether people turn to external sources for answers. We observe item-level prevalence rates of cheating that range from 0 to 12 percent depending on question type and difficulty, and find that 23 percent of respondents engage in cheating at least once across waves. In the US panel, which employed a commitment pledge, we observe cheating behavior among less than 1 percent of respondents. We find robust respondent- and item-level characteristics associated with cheating. However, item-level instances of cheating are rare events; as such, they are difficult to predict and correct for without tracking data. Even so, our analyses comparing naive and cheating-corrected measures of political knowledge provide evidence that cheating does not substantially distort inferences.}, language = {en} } @article{HaesslerDitlmannal, author = {H{\"a}ssler, Tabea and Ditlmann, Ruth K. and al, et}, title = {Needs Satisfaction in Intergroup Contact: A Multinational Study of Pathways Toward Social Change}, series = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes}, journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes}, issn = {0022-3514}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/f9mwv}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-39717}, abstract = {What role does intergroup contact play in promoting support for social change toward greater social equality? Drawing on the needs-based model of reconciliation, we theorized that when inequality between groups is perceived as illegitimate, disadvantaged group members will experience a need for empowerment and advantaged group members a need for acceptance. When intergroup contact satisfies each group's needs, it should result in more mutual support for social change. Using four sets of survey data collected through the Zurich Intergroup Project in 23 countries, we tested several preregistered predictions, derived from the above reasoning, across a large variety of operationalizations. Two studies of disadvantaged groups (Ns = 689 ethnic minority members in Study 1 and 3,382 sexual/gender minorities in Study 2) support the hypothesis that, after accounting for the effects of intergroup contact and perceived illegitimacy, satisfying the need for empowerment (but not acceptance) during contact is positively related to support for social change. Two studies with advantaged groups (Ns = 2,937 ethnic majority members in Study 3 and 4,203 cis-heterosexual individuals in Study 4) showed that, after accounting for illegitimacy and intergroup contact, satisfying the need for acceptance (but also empowerment) is positively related to support for social change. Overall, findings suggest that intergroup contact is compatible with efforts to promote social change when group-specific needs are met. Thus, to encourage support for social change among both disadvantaged and advantaged group members, it is essential that, besides promoting mutual acceptance, intergroup contact interventions also give voice to and empower members of disadvantaged groups.}, language = {en} } @article{HaesslerUllrichSebbenetal., author = {H{\"a}ssler, Tabea and Ullrich, Johannes and Sebben, Simone and Shnabel, Nurit and Bernardino, Michelle and Valdenegro, Daniel and Van Laar, Colette and Gonz{\´a}lez, Roberto and Visintin, Emilio Paolo and Tropp, Linda R. and Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Abrams, Dominic and Aydin, Anna Lisa and Pereira, Adrienne and Selvanathan, Hema Preya and von Zimmermann, Jorina and Lantos, N{\´o}ra Anna and Sainz, Mario and Glenz, Andreas and Kende, Anna and Oberpfalzerov{\´a}, Hana and Bilewicz, Michal and Branković, Marija and Noor, Masi and Pasek, Michael H. and Wright, Stephen C. and Žeželj, Iris and Kuzawinska, Olga and Maloku, Edona and Otten, Sabine and Gul, Pelin and Bareket, Orly and Corkalo Biruski, Dinka and Mugnol-Ugarte, Luiza and Osin, Evgeny and Baiocco, Roberto and Cook, Jonathan E. and Dawood, Maneeza and Droogendyk, Lisa and Loyo, Ang{\´e}lica Herrera and Jelić, Margareta and Kelmendi, Kaltrina and Pistella, Jessica}, title = {Need satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multinational study of pathways toward social change}, series = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, volume = {122}, journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, issn = {1939-1315}, doi = {10.1037/pspi0000365}, pages = {634 -- 658}, language = {en} } @article{PoloWucherpfennig2021, author = {Polo, Sara M.T. and Wucherpfennig, Julian}, title = {Trojan Horse, Copycat, or Scapegoat? Unpacking the Refugees-Terrorism Nexus}, series = {The Journal of Politics}, volume = {84}, journal = {The Journal of Politics}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1086/714926}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-38244}, pages = {33 -- 49}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Widespread fear that hosting refugees will mean more terrorism in host states is at the heart of the 'refugee crisis'. Yet, we lack rigorous evidence for such claims. This article theoretically unpacks how and under what conditions transnational refugee movements plausibly lead to different types of terrorist outcomes. Combining original data with a multi-pronged approach involving a treatment-placebo design as well as instrumental variable estimation, we provide systematic and robust evidence that sheds new light on the security implications of forced migration. Our findings challenge the claim that hosting refugees heightens the risk of "importing" terrorist attacks against nationals of host countries, especially in developed countries. However, in these countries refugees themselves are particularly prone to becoming the targets of terrorist attacks by natives, driven by fear and revenge. Dominant policy responses to the refugee crisis that raise fears and suspicions are therefore not only ill-suited, but potentially counterproductive.}, language = {en} } @article{KoopRehBressanelli2021, author = {Koop, Christel and Reh, Christine and Bressanelli, Edoardo}, title = {Agenda-setting under pressure: Does domestic politics influence the European Commission?}, series = {European Journal of Political Research}, volume = {61}, journal = {European Journal of Political Research}, number = {1}, edition = {European Journal of Political Research}, doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12438}, pages = {46 -- 66}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The European Union (EU) has become increasingly visible and contested over the past decades. Several studies have shown that domestic pressure has made the EU's 'electorally connected' institutions more responsive. Yet, we still know little about how politicisation has affected the Union's non-majoritarian institutions. We address this question by focusing on agenda-setting and ask whether and how domestic politics influences the prioritisation of legislative proposals by the European Commission. We argue that the Commission, as both a policy-seeker and a survival-driven bureaucracy, will respond to domestic issue salience and Euroscepticism, at party, mass and electoral level, through targeted performance and through aggregate restraint. Building on new data on the prioritisation of legislative proposals under the ordinary legislative procedure (1999-2019), our analysis shows that the Commission's choice to prioritise is responsive to the salience of policy issues for Europe's citizens. By contrast, our evidence suggests that governing parties' issue salience does not drive, and Euroscepticism does not constrain, the Commission's priority-setting. Our findings contribute to the literature on multilevel politics, shedding new light on the strategic responses of non-majoritarian institutions to the domestic politicisation of 'Europe'.}, language = {en} } @article{SalazarMoralesHallerberg, author = {Salazar-Morales, Diego A and Hallerberg, Mark}, title = {The role of fiscal coordination and partisanship in the Spanish fiscal federalist system}, series = {Regional \& Federal Studies}, volume = {32}, journal = {Regional \& Federal Studies}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1080/13597566.2021.1915778}, pages = {617 -- 639}, abstract = {During the euro crisis, the sustainability of Spain's debt burden was called into question. By 2019, however, Spain had successfully navigated its own crisis and reduced its debt burden. What role did Spain's emerging fiscal federal system play in this recovery? We analyze the performance of Spain's fiscal federalist framework and how it affected the country's budgetary balance, with a special emphasis on its coordination and on political relationships within the autonomous regions. Contrary to what advocates of the benefits of fiscal coordination argue, we find that coordination does not prevent the erosion of fiscal discipline in regions. Our results show that politics, rather than fiscal rules and frameworks, play an important role and have led to differing fiscal performance. In regions where incumbents were re-elected, coordination is employed to ensure more positive budgetary balances. Conversely, in regions with changing incumbents, coordination serves as an indicator of future fiscal problems.}, language = {en} } @article{Ruhnau, author = {Ruhnau, Oliver}, title = {How flexible electricity demand stabilizes wind and solar market values: the case of hydrogen electrolyzers}, series = {Applied Energy, Elsevier}, volume = {307}, journal = {Applied Energy, Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118194}, abstract = {Wind and solar energy are often expected to fall victim to their own success: the higher their share in electricity production, the more their revenue on electricity markets (their "market value") declines. While in conventional power systems, the market value may converge to zero, this study demonstrates that "green" hydrogen production, through adding electricity demand in low-price hours, can effectively and permanently halt the decline. With an analytical derivation, a Monte Carlo simulation, and a numerical electricity market model, I find that - due to flexible hydrogen production alone - market values across Europe likely converge above €19 ± 9 MWh-1 for solar energy and above €27 ± 8 MWh-1 for wind energy in 2050 (annual mean estimate ± standard deviation). This lower boundary is in the range of the projected levelized costs of renewables and has profound implications. Market-based renewables may hence be within reach. simulation, and a numerical electricity market model, I find that - due to flexible hydrogen production alone - market values across Europe likely converge above €19 ± 9 MWh-1 for solar energy and above €27 ± 8 MWh-1 for wind energy in 2050 (annual mean estimate ± standard deviation). This lower boundary is in the range of the projected levelized costs of renewables and has profound implications. Market-based renewables may hence be within reach.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Flonk, author = {Flonk, Dani{\"e}lle}, title = {Content control contestations: How and why internet governance norms emerge and develop}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4203}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42030}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {147}, abstract = {In the early days of the internet, it was often assumed that the internet would develop into a free and open technology. However, governments have proven to be able to govern the internet, control its content, and develop international content control norms. This dissertation looks at content control from an international norms perspective and asks: How and why do international content control norms emerge and develop? I adopt an analytical eclecticist approach that combines elements from comparative politics and international relations. There are three aspects to this eclectic theory of content control. First, states subscribe to content control norms, which can range from liberal to illiberal norms. States cooperate in the area of content control and promote content control norms. Second, states support content control norms to a different extent because of the democratic or authoritarian values they subscribe to and their internal decision-making procedures, which can lead to conflict. Third, regional and international organizations affect the norm promotion strategies of states. I use both qualitative methods (case studies, content analysis) and quantitative methods (negative binomial hurdle model) to answer the research question. In order to answer the how part of the research question, I analyze two aspects of content control norm development. First, I assess the broader conflicts over norms and institutions in internet governance. I show that these conflicts are dependent on the identities of the actors involved. Second, I analyze the strategies that autocratic states use to push for specific content control norms. I show that institutional structures create opportunities and constraints to their norm promotion strategies. In order to answer the why part of the research question, I zoom in even further by comparing content control practices between democratic and authoritarian regimes. I show that democracies also control content, but mainly security-related content. Hence, content control practices are dependent on the regime type identity of actors and the type of content targeted. This dissertation shows that existing global internet governance models are contested and countermodels are emerging. These developments point towards the beginning of the end of the open and liberal internet order as we know it.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MairGegenhuberLuehrsenetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mair, Johanna and Gegenhuber, Thomas and L{\"u}hrsen, Ren{\´e} and Th{\"a}ter, Laura}, title = {UpdateDeutschland: Open Social Innovation weiterdenken und lernen - Learning Report}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42049}, pages = {53}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Learning Report ist Ergebnis des Begleitforschungsprojekts zum Open Social Innovation Format UpdateDeutschland. Ziel ist es, alle Interessierten mit Konzepten, Sprache und Erkenntnissen auszustatten, um Open Social Innovation besser zu verstehen und gemeinsam weiterzuentwickeln. Der Learning Report bietet einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber UpdateDeutschland und erkl{\"a}rt anhand von UpdateDeutschland den Open Social Innovation Prozess; analysiert Daten rund um Herausforderungen, Teilhabe und Aktivit{\"a}t, um das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Open Social Innovation Methode bei UpdateDeutschland zu vertiefen; zeigt vier verschiedene Pfade auf, die versinnbildlichen, wie bei UpdateDeutschland Wirkung entstanden ist; beleuchtet welchen breiteren Nutzen und welche Herausforderungen sich f{\"u}r Verwaltungen im Laufe des Prozesses ergaben; besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit vier zentralen organisatorischen Herausforderungen; und bietet eine kritische Reflexion {\"u}ber Open Social Innovation und zeigt das transformative Potential auf.}, language = {de} } @incollection{DariusStephany, author = {Darius, Philipp and Stephany, Fabian}, title = {How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: 'Hashjacking' as a Disinformation Strategy in Times of COVID-19}, series = {Complex Networks \& Their Applications X. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1016}, booktitle = {Complex Networks \& Their Applications X. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1016}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-93413-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_9}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {100 -- 111}, abstract = {Twitter influences political debates. Phenomena like fake news and hate speech show that political discourses on social platforms can become strongly polarised by algorithmic enforcement of selective perception. Some political actors actively employ strategies to facilitate polarisation on Twitter, as past contributions show, via strategies of 'hashjacking'(The use of someone else's hashtag in order to promote one's own social media agenda.). For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative f{\"u}r Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of 'hashjacking' in May 2020. Our findings indicate that polarisation of political party hashtags has not changed significantly in the last two years. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by 'hashjacking' COVID-19 related hashtags, like \#CoronaVirusDE or \#FlattenTheCurve. This polarisation strategy is dominated by the activity of a limited set of heavy users. The results underline the necessity to understand the dynamics of discourse polarisation, as an active political communication strategy of the far-right, by only a handful of very active accounts.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nagel, author = {Nagel, Jan}, title = {At the table or on the menu? Impact of eurozone membership on negotiations in the Council of the European Union}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42077}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {144}, abstract = {In 1999, a group of member states of the European Union launched a common currency, the euro. The political weight and institutional set-up of this group have prompted fears that eurozone members might dominate non-members. This thesis studies political dynamics between members and non-members of the eurozone. Specifically, it explores to what extent eurozone membership explains negotiation performance in the Council of the European Union - the core arena for negotiations among member states. To this end, the thesis uses an original dataset of 303 negotiations conducted under the co-decision procedure between 1999 and 2016. The thesis makes a two-fold theoretical argument. First, it is argued that eurozone members have an incentive to build "minimum winning coalitions" under exclusion of non-members, as this increases their gains in Council negotiations. Secondly, this process is enabled by the institutional setup of exclusive eurozone-only bodies, most importantly the Eurogroup. On this basis, it is hypothesized that eurozone members should have a higher probability of inclusion in a winning coalition in the Council (H1), especially in the Economic and Financial Affairs (ECOFIN) Council (H2), but perhaps also in other Council configurations (H3). It is furthermore hypothesized that inclusion of eurozone members in winning coalitions increased during the euro crisis (H4). Contrary to theoretical expectations, the analysis yields four null findings. Eurozone members were not more likely to be included in winning coalitions, independently if a proposal was negotiated in the ECOFIN Council or other Council configurations, and regardless if negotiations took place during the euro crisis. The thesis provides a possible explanation for this puzzling finding. An analysis of coalition patterns reveals that eurozone members were too divided to exercise their collective influence in the Council. Rather than acting as a cohesive bloc, eurozone states were split internally along traditional cleavages structuring conflict in the Council.}, language = {en} } @article{RuhnauQvist, author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Qvist, Staffan}, title = {Storage requirements in a 100\% renewable electricity system: Extreme events and inter-annual variability}, series = {Environmental Research Letters}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac4dc8}, abstract = {In the context of 100\% renewable electricity systems, prolonged periods with persistently scarce supply from wind and solar resources have received increasing academic and political attention. This article explores how such scarcity periods relate to energy storage requirements. To this end, we contrast results from a time series analysis with those from a system cost optimization model, based on a German 100\% renewable case study using 35 years of hourly time series data. While our time series analysis supports previous findings that periods with persistently scarce supply last no longer than two weeks, we find that the maximum energy deficit occurs over a much longer period of nine weeks. This is because multiple scarce periods can closely follow each other. When considering storage losses and charging limitations, the period defining storage requirements extends over as much as 12 weeks. For this longer period, the cost-optimal storage capacity is about three times larger compared to the energy deficit of the scarcest two weeks. Adding other sources of flexibility for the example of bioenergy, the duration of period that defines storage requirements lengthens to more than one year. When optimizing system costs based on single years rather than a multi-year time series, we find substantial inter-annual variation in storage requirements with the most extreme year needing more than twice as much storage as the average year. We conclude that focusing on short-duration extreme events or single years can lead to an underestimation of storage requirements and costs of a 100 \% renewable system.}, language = {en} } @incollection{McBrideKupiBryson, author = {McBride, Keegan and Kupi, Maximilian and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Untangling Agile Government: On the Dual Necessities of Structure and Agility}, series = {Agile Government: Emerging Perspectives in Public Management}, booktitle = {Agile Government: Emerging Perspectives in Public Management}, editor = {Stephens, Melodena and Awamleh, Raed and Salem, Fadi}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, address = {Singapur}, isbn = {9789811239694}, doi = {10.1142/9789811239700_0002}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {300}, abstract = {The governments of today are not able to transform and adapt to changes in the world around them, as demanded by their constituents. The nature of work, value of public goods, and the constant bombardment of crises are making the old bureaucratic structures obsolete. Agile Government is an emerging theme, that of government-wide reinvention for adaptiveness and responsiveness. It places the accountability, delivery, capture, design and creation of public value at the heart of the government. The concept of agile government is confused with terms like Agile Manifesto, agile governance, agility among others, and because of this, needs some unpacking. This book is a deep dive into this topic. It offers insights from the theoretical development of the topic of agile government, some lessons from government practices around the world, and ongoing academic and policy research. The project is spearheaded by the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government, which is the first teaching and research institution in the Arab world focusing on public policy and governance.}, language = {en} } @article{KayserLeiningerVlasenko, author = {Kayser, Mark A. and Leininger, Arndt and Vlasenko, Anastasiia}, title = {A L{\"a}nder-Based Forecast of the 2021 German Bundestag Election}, series = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, volume = {55}, journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/S1049096521000974}, pages = {79 -- 84}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Eicke, author = {Eicke, Anselm}, title = {Regulation of the power sector in times of the Energy transition. Four contributions on price incentives reflecting the cost of the transmission system}, school = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Governments use regulation to affect the behavior of market participants such that welfare is maximized. Good regulation in the electricity sector aims to achieve an affordable, sustainable, and secure supply of electricity. However, the energy transition fundamentally changes the way electrical energy is produced and consumed. Consequently, market rules and regulatory interventions need to be adjusted to cope with these new political targets, technological innovations, and societal trends. This cumulative dissertation contributes to the academic literature on regulatory incentives in the electricity sector with four scientific articles. At the core of this dissertation are incentives for participants of the electricity market that result from the market design and other regulatory interventions. I study how such incentives can be designed to minimize the cost of expanding and operating the transmission network. The transmission system is confronted with several new challenges resulting from the energy transition, including an increasing distance between generators and consumers, power flows that quickly change over time, and declining share of dispatchable generators that complicates frequency stability. The first three articles of this dissertation study incentives for market participants to account for the cost of operating and expanding the transmission network in their investment and dispatch decisions. The first article introduces a conceptual framework for categorizing and analyzing locational signals that result from the market design and from other regulatory interventions. It classifies, quantifies, and discusses locational instruments in twelve jurisdictions. It finds that all reviewed systems apply regulatory locational instruments, and many systems even combine multiple instruments. Only few instruments result in economic incentives that are strong enough to affect investment decisions. The second article focuses on one key market design: nodal pricing. It identifies and assesses the main arguments against the concept of nodal pricing based on the experience made in US power markets. It shows that most of the perceived drawbacks of the concept in the European debate are misconceived and can be sufficiently addressed as it is done in systems that already implemented a nodal market. The third article studies the long-run effects of optimal administratively determined locational signals. To do so, it introduces a complementary power market model. Applying the model to a sample case study reveals characteristics of such signals and highlights their potential welfare gains. The fourth article is dedicated to the balancing mechanism, which maintains the grid frequency by balancing the feed-in of electricity into the network and its withdrawal. This is another source of cost that arise in the transmission system. The article analyses the economic incentives resulting from the design of the balancing mechanism. It quantifies the price response of balancing responsible parties to the imbalance price and finds a significant effect. This finding is politically delicate because such a price responsiveness is forbidden by the regulator. With these four articles, the dissertation provides insights how the regulator can affect the behavior of market participants through economic incentives, which is of interest for researchers and policy makers alike. It adds to the literature by proposing new frameworks and models, and by drawing from experiences in other jurisdictions. Thereby, it contributes to adapting the regulation of the power sector in times of the energy transition.}, language = {en} } @article{GrafMarques, author = {Graf, Lukas and Marques, Marcelo}, title = {Towards a European model of collective skill formation? Analysing the European Alliance for Apprenticeships}, series = {Journal of Education Policy}, journal = {Journal of Education Policy}, doi = {10.1080/02680939.2022.2097317}, abstract = {While the literature in skill formation systems has paid considerable attention to inter-variation between types of national skill formation systems and intra-variation among individual types as in the case of collective skill formation systems, less is known about the role of the European Union in establishing a European model of skill formation. Building on studies in educational governance and decentralised cooperation, this paper analyses the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA) and explores its relationship to national skill formation systems. We analyse the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation and offer case studies of Ireland and France to understand how this European model relates to these two contrasting skill formation systems. Through deductive qualitative content analysis of official documents, we show that (a) the EAfA, in resembling characteristics of national collective skill formation systems, promotes the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation, and (b) that Ireland and France show signs of moving further towards adopting elements of a collectivist training model centred on apprenticeship training although mediated by path-dependencies of a liberal (Ireland) and statist (France) skill formation model.}, language = {en} } @article{CowlsDariusSantistevanetal., author = {Cowls, Josh and Darius, Philipp and Santistevan, Dominiquo and Schramm, Moritz}, title = {Constitutional metaphors: Facebook's "supreme court" and the legitimation of platform governance}, series = {New Media and Society}, journal = {New Media and Society}, doi = {10.1177/14614448221085559}, abstract = {Who governs—and who should govern—online communication? Social media companies, international organizations, users, or the state? And by what means? A range of rhetorical devices have been used to simplify the complexities associated with the governance of online platforms. This includes "constitutional metaphors": metaphorical allusions to traditional political concepts such as statehood, democracy, and constitutionalism. Here, we empirically trace the ascent of a powerful constitutional metaphor currently employed in the news media discourse on platform governance: characterizations of Facebook's Oversight Board (OB) as a "supreme court." We investigate the metaphor's descriptive suitability and question its normative and political ramifications. We argue that uncritical characterizations of the OB as Facebook's "supreme court" obscure its true scope and purpose. In addition, we argue that appropriating the socio-cultural symbolism and hence political legitimacy of a supreme court and mapping it onto a different type of actor poses a threat to responsible platform governance.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-4488, title = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, editor = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192869012}, pages = {368}, abstract = {The focus of this edited volume is the often-overlooked importance of secondary rules of international law. Secondary rules of international law-such as attribution, causality, and the standard and burden of proof-have often been neglected in scholarly literature and have seen fragmented application in international legal practice. Yet the systemic nature of international law entails that coherent and consistent application of such rules is a key element in reinforcing the legitimacy of decisions of international courts and tribunals. Accelerated development of international law and international litigation, coupled with the fragmented nature of the adjudicatory terrain calls for theoretical scrutiny and systemic analysis of the developments in the judicial treatment of secondary rules. This publication makes three important contributions to the study of secondary rules. First, it offers a comprehensive, expert doctrinal analysis of how standard of review, causation, evidentiary rules, and attribution operate in the case law of international courts or tribunals in fields spanning human rights, trade, investment, and humanitarian law. Second, it comparatively evaluates the divergent layers of meanings and normative expectations attached to secondary rules in international law scholarship as well as in the judicial practice of international courts and tribunals. Finally, the book investigates the role that secondary rules play in the development of the primary rules in international law and for the legitimacy of the decisions of international courts and tribunals. Earlier scholarly works have not problematized the role of secondary rules of international law in adjudication thoroughly. Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law seeks to fill this gap by emphasizing the consequential nature of these secondary rules and argues that the outcome of litigation is fundamentally shaped by the exact standard of proof, standard of review, or attribution basis that is chosen by adjudicators. As such, the book offers an important resource for the study and practice of international law against the backdrop of the wide-ranging and fragmented nature of international adjudication.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Regional protection}, series = {International Human Rights Law}, booktitle = {International Human Rights Law}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {978-0198860112}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Written by leading experts in the field, this compelling textbook explores the essentials of international human rights law, from foundational issues to substantive rights and systems of protection. A variety of perspectives bring this multifaceted and sometimes contentious subject to life, making International Human Rights Law the ideal companion for students of human rights.}, language = {en} } @misc{BhatiaChagasdeSouzaGilletal., author = {Bhatia, Lakshi and Chagas de Souza, Diego and Gill, Sahil and Mills, Leslie}, title = {Taiwan \& COVID-19. Preventing a beacon of digital governance from turning into a privacy nightmare}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4491}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44918}, pages = {22}, abstract = {The COVID pandemic represents a crisis eclipsing precedent, and managing its consequences is a challenge with many possible answers and actors for states around the globe. Taiwan's response in light of a prior national health crisis involved the development of a digital tracing system that many have hailed as an exemplar of effective digital governance during a pandemic. The paper presents an overview of Taiwan's policy path, key considerations and actors that epitomised the nation's strategy. It then gives a closer look into the inner workings of digital tracing as it was executed during the pandemic and evaluates strengths and urgent risks. We argue that Taiwan risks weakening its reputation for digital democracy if crucial privacy concerns it highlights are not addressed. We conclude that Taiwan's leadership should consider establishing an independent data protection authority, taking advantage of information-based approaches, which proved effective within its unique context, and leveraging its civic hacktivist ecosystem to adopt a collaborative direct provision strategy to strengthen its privacy policy framework.}, language = {en} } @misc{FoersterDuartevonIngerslebenetal., author = {Foerster, Kai and Duarte, Angela and von Ingersleben, Luis and Bokrezion, Danayt}, title = {Political misinformation in the UK. How to regulate political advertising and campaigning, especially regarding the risk of misinformation in social media, to provide a safe online space and upholding free speech?}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44927}, pages = {35}, abstract = {Political advertising on social media has influenced major historical events, like the Brexit referendum and the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The United Kingdom (UK) government recognised the increasing threat that political misinformation poses and released its first draft on the Online Safety Bill (OSB) as a response. Ultimately, the bill is supposed to regulate political misinformation and turn Britain into "the safest place in the world to be online". This paper aims to support the current draft of the OSB based on 10 recommendations. These highlight the necessity of avoiding ambiguity in the wording of the bill, guaranteeing the independence of Ofcom as a regulator, and reframing the Bill so that it recognises collective harm and the danger that political mis/disinformation can cause to democracy in the UK. We believe that our recommendations have the potential to significantly increase the impact of the current proposal.}, language = {en} } @misc{BollmannGibeon, author = {Bollmann, Hanna-Sophie and Gibeon, Gaia}, title = {The spread of hacked materials on Twitter: A threat to democracy? A case study of the 2017 Macron Leaks}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4493}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44932}, pages = {20}, abstract = {Elections are democracy's most important yet most vulnerable moment. Interference in the process presents an attack on the foundations of trust and knowledge in a democratic society, as seen in the Macron Leaks, a hack-and-leak operation spread on Twitter on the eve of the 2017 French presidential elections. Hack-and-leaks have become a popular modus operandi for foreign actors, often backed by Russia, to meddle and undermine democratic elections. First, we discuss the challenges democracies face by hack-and-leaks, then we turn to explore Twitter's past attempts to self-regulate hacked materials. These were made in response to political events in the US and changing public pressure in the US, putting the platform at risk of becoming a plaything of populist movements and foreign actors seeking to undermine democracy. Until recently, the EU lacked any adequate response but the recently published revised version of the EU's Code of Practice on Dis-information (June 2022) may signal a change. Twitter has signed the Code and promises to adopt and implement policies to prevent the spread of manipulative behaviour. Should Twitter change its Hacked Materials Policy, it will be the first time it is done in response to regulatory measures.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SamperMejia, author = {Samper Mejia, Cristina}, title = {Employment Trajectories of Women with a Migration Background in Germany: A Life Course Perspective}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44965}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {196}, abstract = {The aim of this dissertation is to study the employment behaviour of women with a migration background from a life course perspective. Data for the analyses come from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the German Microcensus. The first paper studies the entrance into employment of immigrant women who arrived in Germany while childless between 1990 and 2016. The main findings show that women who moved as marriage migrants were highly likely to have a child shortly after their arrival. Having a child before they enter the labour market strongly delays the participation of migrant women in remunerated work. In the German context, marriage migration is most common among women who are third country nationals, and have comparatively low levels of labour market capital upon arrival. The second paper studies the employment trajectories of women who immigrated from Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain. By distinguishing the trajectories of women who came from similar female employment contexts, but who arrived through different migration channels (ethnic Germans vs. third country nationals), the paper sheds light on the selection mechanisms of the different legal entry modes, and the post-migration adaptation patterns associated with them. The third paper looks at the early life employment participation trajectories of women of the second migrant generation who were born in Germany. It shows that women who follow early family formation trajectories are also less likely to participate in the labour market early in life. Early family formation is found to be most common among second-generation migrant women with parents of Turkish origin. The three papers together illustrate the strong relationship between migrant women's (non)-employment behaviour and the onset family formation. From a migration policy perspective, the findings show the selective effects of migration channels. From a social and labour market policy perspective, the results allude to the importance of childcare access, and the need for activation policies tailored to mothers with a migration background.}, language = {en} } @article{AlonsoPerezGellertKreyenfeldetal., author = {Alonso-Perez, Enrique and Gellert, Paul and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and O'Sullivan, Julie Lorraine}, title = {Family Structure and Family Climate in Relation to Health and Socioeconomic Status for Older Adults: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Analysis}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {18}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph191811840}, abstract = {Family characteristics are associated with individuals' health and wellbeing. However, the link between family structure (e.g., operationalized via marital status) and health outcomes is ambiguous, and whether family climate mediates the relationship is unclear. This study uses the Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) to investigate the association of older adults' family structure with later health, the mediating role of family climate and mental health and how these links vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Using data from n = 29,457 respondents aged over 50 in Waves 4, 5 and 6 (2011, 2013 and 2015) of the Survey of Health, Retirement and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), the BBFM was applied in a longitudinal mediation analysis of family structure and health, including both indicators of mental and physical health. Structural equation modeling was applied, and a multigroup analysis was performed to test the role of SES in a moderated mediation. Family climate and mental health mediated the relationship between family structure and subsequent physical health. Good levels of family climate were found to be consistently associated with improved mental and physical health. These relationships were significantly moderated by SES, showing that the association of family climate and health was weaker for those in low SES positions. Family climate and mental health should be considered as potential mechanisms linking family structure to later physical health outcomes across time; however, these associations are diminished for those with low SES.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schoefer, author = {Sch{\"o}fer, Till}, title = {Trading Places. Rethinking Trade Governance and the Status of Emerging Powers}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4504}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45041}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {264}, abstract = {This dissertation examines recent contestation surrounding the status of emerging economies in international trade politics. In particular, it looks at the ways in which the rise of Brazil, India and China - the BICs - has shaped special rights for developing countries at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The primary focus of the thesis is the WTO's principle of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), which provides developing countries with exemptions from certain liberalization commitments, implementation flexibilities, and pledges of technical assistance. At the WTO, access to such special rights is based on individual members' selfdeclaration as developing countries. However, as the BICs have risen, the 'North'- 'South' binary that underpins SDT has become less clear. The continued use of a legal norm based on the strict bifurcation of WTO members into sets of developed and developing countries has thus been called into question, most notably by the United States. At the outset, the dissertation develops a conceptual framework for delineating the different ideal typical pathways along which special and differential treatment can develop. An overall process of fragmentation is then outlined, characterized by the unmaking of special rights for developing countries, in parallel to the resilience of differential treatment for the smaller sub-group of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The thesis continues by examining the contestation at the heart of these processes more closely. In doing so, it sets up a novel theoretical framework to analyse the potential adaptation strategies that emerging economies can adopt in response to contestation of their special rights. Significant strategic variation amongst the BICs comes to the fore in a series of case studies, as well as two chapters on China's strong defence of its developing country status and Brazil's recalibration of its (previously held) Southern leadership role. The thesis closes with an in-depth case study of negotiations on intellectual property rights. While the divergence of emerging economy positions and the fragmentation of SDT have marked the WTO era, the final chapter shows that in areas where BICs unity is still possible - such as on LDC rights - normative erosion is slowed.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Khanna, author = {Khanna, Tarun}, title = {Essays on the economics of energy systems transformation: incentives and policies}, school = {Hertie School}, abstract = {This thesis discusses the role of the economic incentives and policies required to build energy systems that are compatible with achieving the goal of net-zero carbon emissions. I try to look beyond the techno-centric solutions that focus on new electricity generation technologies to explore how the way we consume and supply energy may be changed to facilitate the energy transition. The first paper of this cumulative thesis identifies packages of demand-side policy interventions in household energy consumption that can deliver an immediate reduction in carbon emissions. The second paper quantifies the relationship between electricity demand and prices in electricity markets using an instrumental variable approach. This relationship can provide the basis for designing policies that use electricity demand as a tool for integrating high shares of renewable energy in the power system. Following the theme of renewable energy integration, the third paper looks at the policies for influencing electricity demand from agricultural consumers in developing countries to increase the share of solar and wind while lowering the associated integration costs. And the last paper focuses on the need for policy instruments that determine the spatial allocation of renewable energy. The four papers together highlight that using the right economic incentives and policies, we can foster flexibility in both energy demand and supply that reduces the reliance on technological innovation and revolution for achieving the transformation to a low carbon energy system.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BernhardGraf, author = {Bernhard, Nadine and Graf, Lukas}, title = {Enhancing Permeability through Cooperation: The Case of Vocational and Academic Worlds of Learning in the Knowledge Economy}, series = {Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy}, booktitle = {Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy}, editor = {Bonoli, Giuliano and Emmenegger, Patrick}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192866257}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {281 -- 307}, abstract = {Interest in collective skill formation systems has been high for a long time, but recent structural economic and societal developments have led commentators to question their viability. In particular, the shift towards a knowledge economy creates a number of challenges for these highly praised systems of vocational training. These challenges relate to the growing importance of knowledge intensive production in advanced economies and with the accelerated pace of change due to innovation and globalization. What is more, these issues are compounded by coinciding developments in growing inequality and the emergence of multicultural societies. Can collective skill formation systems adapt fast enough to the needs of the knowledge economy? Can they continue to be as successful as they have been in the past in integrating youth in the labour market? Will employers be willing to participate in the delivery of vocational training in this new context? In this book, a world class team of leading experts on collective skill formation systems provide a thorough discussion of these and other questions raised by the shift to a knowledge economy. The book argues that collective skill formation systems remain attractive for firms and governments. However, continuous and profound adjustments will be needed if they are to fulfil their objectives in terms of equity and efficiency.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwardmannvanderWeeleTripodi, author = {Schwardmann, Peter and van der Weele, Jo{\"e}l J. and Tripodi, Egon}, title = {Self-Persuasion: Evidence From Field Experiments at International Debating Competitions}, series = {American Economic Review}, volume = {112}, journal = {American Economic Review}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1257/aer.20200372}, pages = {1118 -- 1146}, abstract = {Laboratory evidence shows that when people have to argue for a given position, they persuade themselves about the position's factual and moral superiority. Such self-persuasion limits the potential of communication to resolve conflict and reduce polarization. We test for this phenomenon in a field setting, at international debating competitions that randomly assign experienced and motivated debaters to argue one side of a topical motion. We find self-persuasion in factual beliefs and confidence in one's position. Effect sizes are smaller than in the laboratory, but robust to a one-hour exchange of arguments and a tenfold increase in incentives for accuracy.}, language = {en} } @article{CingolaniHildebrandt, author = {Cingolani, Luciana and Hildebrandt, Tim}, title = {Incentive Structures for the Adoption of Crowdsourcing in Public Policy: A Bureaucratic Politics Model}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {14}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {20}, doi = {10.3390/su142012982}, abstract = {Collective intelligence paradigms have been increasingly embraced by the public sector as a way to address complex policy challenges. The field is limited, however, by our little, comparative understanding of the political economy factors that create incentives around the adoption of certain types of collective intelligence over others in different organizational settings. This article uses a typology of citizen-sourced open innovation models based on the work of Daren Brabham as well as insights from Elinor Ostrom and Archon Fung, in order to produce a theoretical model of the determinants of crowdsourcing adoption decisions in the public sector. The model derives a political economy analysis that matches various administrative scenarios to different collective intelligence modalities and developments. The insights are illustrated through a number of crowdsourcing initiatives and provide important lessons to practitioners designing such collective challenges.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RuhnauStieweMuesseletal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Stiewe, Clemens and Muessel, Jarusch and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Gas demand in times of crisis. The response of German households and industry to the 2021/22 energy crisis}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Europe is in the midst of the most severe energy crisis in a generation, at the core of which is the continuously plummeting supply of Russian natural gas. With alternative supply options being limited, natural gas prices have surged. This paper empirically estimates the response of natural gas demand to the price increase, using data from Germany—the so far largest consumer of Russian natural gas. We identify the crisis response of small and large consumers separately, controlling for temperature, gas-fired power generation, and economic activity. For small consumers, including mostly households, we find a substantial demand reduction of 6\% from March onwards—most likely due to political and ethical considerations after the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. For industrial consumers, demand reductions started much earlier in August 2021, when wholesale prices for natural gas started to surge, with an average reduction of 11\%. We conclude that voluntary industrial demand response has played a significant role in coping with the energy crisis so far.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RuhnauSchiele, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Schiele, Johanna}, title = {Flexible green hydrogen: economic benefits without increasing power sector emissions}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Electrolytic hydrogen complements renewable energy in many net-zero energy scenarios. In these long-term scenarios with full decarbonization, the "greenness" of hydrogen is without question. In current energy systems, however, the ramp-up of hydrogen production may cause additional emissions. To avoid this potential adverse effect, recently proposed EU regulation defines strict requirements for electrolytic hydrogen to qualify as green: electrolyzers must run on additional renewable generation, which is produced in a temporally and geographically congruent manner. Focusing on the temporal dimension, this paper argues in favor of a more flexible definition of green hydrogen, which keeps the additionality criterion on a yearly basis but allows for dispatch optimization on a market basis within that period. We develop a model that optimizes dispatch and investment of a wind-hydrogen system—including wind turbines, hydrogen electrolysis, and hydrogen storage—and apply the model to a German case study based on data from 2017-2021. Contrasting different regulatory conditions, we show that a flexible definition of green hydrogen can reduce costs without additional power sector emissions. By contrast, requiring simultaneity implies that a rational investor would build a much larger wind turbine, hydrogen electrolyzer, and hydrogen storage than needed. This leads to additional costs, underutilized resources, and a potential slow-down of green hydrogen deployment. We discuss that current trends in the energy transition are likely to amplify the economic and environmental benefits of a flexible definition of green hydrogen and recommend this as the way forward for a sustainable hydrogen policy.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GrafLohse, author = {Graf, Lukas and Lohse, Anna Prisca}, title = {Analyzing Vocational Education and Training Systems through the Lens of Political Science.}, series = {Internationales Handbuch der Berufsbildung. Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung - Ergebnisse und Perspektiven aus Theorie und Empirie. Jubil{\"a}umsausgabe des Internationalen Handbuchs der Berufsbildung.}, volume = {56}, booktitle = {Internationales Handbuch der Berufsbildung. Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung - Ergebnisse und Perspektiven aus Theorie und Empirie. Jubil{\"a}umsausgabe des Internationalen Handbuchs der Berufsbildung.}, editor = {Grollmann, Philipp and Frommberger, Dietmar and Deißinger, Thomas and Lauterbach, Uwe and Pilz, Matthias and Schr{\"o}der, Thomas and Sp{\"o}ttl, Georg}, publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich}, address = {Leverkusen}, isbn = {978-3-8474-2676-9, 978-3-96208-334-2}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {123 -- 141}, abstract = {Seit 1995 werden im Internationalen Handbuch der Berufsbildung (IHBB) wissenschaftliche L{\"a}nderstudien zu den weltweiten Berufsbildungssystemen publiziert. Das IHBB ist ein Standardwerk f{\"u}r diejenigen, die sich f{\"u}r die Berufsbildung in anderen L{\"a}ndern interessieren. Dieser Jubil{\"a}umsband zum 25-j{\"a}hrigen Bestehen des IHBB stellt aktuelle Befunde zu unterschiedlichen Themen und Fragestellungen aus der Vergleichenden Berufsbildungsforschung vor. Die Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung zielt darauf ab, Merkmale und Prinzipien der Berufsbildung in verschiedenen nationalen und kulturellen Kontexten zu beschreiben, zu verstehen und zu erkl{\"a}ren. Deutlich st{\"a}rker als die allgemeine oder hochschulische Bildung ist die Berufsbildung aus internationaler Perspektive von großen Unterschieden gepr{\"a}gt. Doch zugleich kann die Annahme formuliert werden, dass sich die Merkmale und Prinzipien der Berufsbildung im Zuge der wachsenden Globalisierung, Internationalisierung und Europ{\"a}isierung tendenziell ann{\"a}hern - wie in anderen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen auch. Der Blick auf die Berufsbildung erfolgt aus diversen wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven, aus Erziehungs- und Berufsbildungswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Mit dieser Auswahl wird einem inter- und multidisziplin{\"a}ren Verst{\"a}ndnis Vergleichender Berufsbildungsforschung Rechnung getragen. Der vorliegende Sammelband schließt damit den Kreis zu den Beitr{\"a}gen zu Methoden und Theorien des Vergleichs aus der Anfangszeit des Handbuchs.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EickeTiedemanMiethetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Eicke, Anselm and Tiedeman, Silvana and Mieth, Stefanie and Gerhardt, Norman and Jansen, Lukas and Reder, Klara and Pape, Carsten and Weidinger, Roman and Kahl, Hartmut}, title = {Regionale Steuerungsinstrumente im Stromsektor.}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne.}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {1-37}, abstract = {Um die Klimaziele bis 2045 zu erreichen, muss der Stromsektor fundamental ver{\"a}ndert werden. Insbesondere die Erneuerbaren Energien (EE) m{\"u}ssen massiv ausgebaut werden. Dabei stellt sich auch die Frage, an welchen Standorten neue Anlagen errichtet werden. Fand der Zubau historisch eher in den Regionen mit guten nat{\"u}rlichen Ressourcen an Wind und Sonne, hohen Volllaststunden und damit niedrigen Kosten pro erzeugter Stromeinheit statt, kann in Zukunft eine Standortsteuerung notwendig werden, um Kosten und Nutzen des EE-Ausbaus gleichm{\"a}ßiger {\"u}ber das Bundesgebiet zu verteilen, die Stromnetze zu entlasten und die Potentiale in allen Regionen zu heben. Im Rahmen des Kopernikus-Projekts Ariadne wurden Szenarien entwickelt, anhand derer B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger die Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener regionaler Verteilungen der Standorte aus Akzeptanzgesichtspunkten diskutierten. Dabei wurde erkennbar, dass m{\"o}gliche regionale Verteilungen, die aus Sicht der B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger eher w{\"u}nschenswert w{\"a}ren, deutlich vom Status Quo abweichen. In der vorliegenden Analyse geben wir daher einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Regulierungs- und Politikinstrumente, mit denen eine ex ante bestimmte regionale Verteilung erreicht werden kann, die nicht allein einer {\"o}konomischen Optimierung folgt. Zur Bestimmung der Verteilung k{\"o}nnen {\"u}bergeordnete Anforderungen, beispielsweise an eine ausgewogene Fl{\"a}chenverteilung, eine Rolle spielen, aber auch gesellschaftliche Indikatoren, wie eine als gerecht empfundene Lasten- und Nutzenteilung. Wir analysieren Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Instrumente und geben Hinweise zu ihrer juristischen Umsetzbarkeit. Außerdem quantifizieren wir anhand eines stilisierten Beispiels, wie preisbasierte Steuerungselemente ausgestaltet werden m{\"u}ssten, um zu einer regionalen Verteilung der Windanlagen in Deutschland zu f{\"u}hren, die in dem „Fokus PV"-Szenario des Ariadne-Reports zur Klimaneutralit{\"a}t 20451 modelliert wurde. Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass eine Vielzahl von Instrumenten die regionale Verteilung so beeinflussen k{\"o}nnen, dass sie zu einer gleichm{\"a}ßigeren und mitunter als gerechter empfundenen Verteilung des Zubaus an Erneuerbaren Energien f{\"u}hrt. Das Aufzeigen der verschiedenen Instrumentenoptionen zur regionalen Steuerung ist relevant f{\"u}r die k{\"u}nftige Gestaltung der Energiewende, da die bisherige regionale Steuerung vor allem innerhalb der Erneuerbaren-F{\"o}rderung stattfindet, die in Zukunft jedoch zunehmend an Bedeutung verlieren d{\"u}rfte und zudem nicht alle Technologien ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Die transparente Darstellung der Vor- und Nachteile hilft außerdem beim Abw{\"a}gen im Falle von - bei der Auswahl von Standorten h{\"a}ufig auftretenden - Interessenskonflikten.}, language = {de} } @periodical{ZartlerSuwadaKreyenfeld, author = {Zartler, Ulrike and Suwada, Katarzyna and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Family Lives during the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Societies}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {1}, edition = {43}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-2022-34-1}, language = {en} } @article{Cova, author = {Cova, Joshua}, title = {Reconsidering the drivers of country-specific recommendations: The Commission's ideological preferences on wage policies}, series = {European Union Politics}, journal = {European Union Politics}, doi = {10.1177/14651165221102696}, abstract = {As part of the European Semester, the European Commission issues country-specific recommendations for all member states. I contribute to the literature on this political instrument, by considering the determinants of recommendations calling for greater wage moderation and enhanced cost competitiveness. For the most part, research on European economic governance has either understood the European Commission as a politicized and 'ideological' institution or as a de-politicized, technocratic actor. My analysis shows that the European Commission's ideological preferences on labour markets and wage bargaining institutions are more convincing predictors than explanations based on economic indicators. By testing a series of multilevel models, I find that irrespective of developments in competitiveness, countries with stronger social actors are more likely to be recipients of country-specific recommendations calling for wage restraint.}, language = {en} } @article{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {The accountability of non-governmental actors in the digital sphere: A theoretical framework}, series = {European Law Journal}, journal = {European Law Journal}, doi = {10.1111/eulj.12420}, abstract = {The last decade has seen increasing demands for greater accountability in digital governance. What, however, does accountability require and what normative goods does it serve? This article develops a general framework for assessing digital accountability focused on four normative goods: openness, non-arbitrariness, effectiveness and publicness. As the article will evidence, claims for digital accountability often refer to deficits relating to one or more of these goods. While scholarly attention has deservedly focused on tying powerful digital actors to rule of law guarantees, the article argues that accountability offers an important normative yardstick to allow citizens to contest digital decisions beyond strict legality. The framework therefore provides a basis for both conceptually disaggregating and normatively forwarding accountability claims in the digital sphere.}, language = {en} } @article{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {What Does it Mean to Say that the Court of Justice is not a Human Rights Institution? A Critical Appraisal}, series = {Journal of Human Rights Practice}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Human Rights Practice}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1093/jhuman/huab023}, pages = {215 -- 222}, abstract = {What role does the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and EU law play in elaborating the rights and principles embodied by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)? Over the last 20 years, human (or 'fundamental') rights have become a constant part of the way the CJEU interprets and applies EU law. In a period where fundamental rights and values are increasingly under threat both globally and in Europe, judicial institutions remain an important last bastion of protection. Commenting on Judge Rosas' (2007) observation that the CJEU is not in fact a human rights Court, three critical questions are derived: The first question is the most related to this special issue. What does the development of the CJEU—an institution with human rights responsibilities—mean for general international human rights law? The second takes up Judge Rosas' observation that the CJEU, unlike the Strasbourg Court, has extensive judicial responsibilities beyond human rights. What does the development of EU human rights law mean for EU law more broadly? Finally, if Judge Rosas is right that the CJEU is not a human rights Court, what does that mean for its relationship to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the other organs of the Council of Europe? In answer to this last question, the article cautiously advances the argument that the very fact that the CJEU is not a human rights Court implies a more robust role than Judge Rosas suggests for external review of EU law by international human rights bodies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BoisDawson, author = {Bois, Julien and Dawson, Mark}, title = {Chapter 7: Sociological institutionalism as a lens to study judicialization: a bridge between legal scholarship and political science}, series = {The Politics of European Legal Research}, booktitle = {The Politics of European Legal Research}, isbn = {9781802201185}, doi = {10.4337/9781802201192.00014}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {94 -- 108}, abstract = {Judicialization - and the influence of trans-national Courts - seems a perfect object of study for inter-disciplinary research and a potential spur for methodological innovation. In the case of the European Courts, however, this chapter argues that divides between law and political science have impeded the developments of accounts of judicialization able to take both the legal and political aspects of judicial activity seriously. The chapter discusses sociological institutionalism as an alternative approach to judicialisation. By stressing the importance of legal norms in structuring the 'space' for legal agency while abstaining from the assumption that norms apply equally in all situations, sociological institutionalism provides an inter- disciplinary framework for the study of Courts able to act as a bridge between both disciplines. As the chapter will conclude, while institutionalist approaches are complex and time-consuming, their focus on the language, ideas and cultural assumptions of actors and institutions provide a compelling method for the study of judicial behaviour.}, language = {en} } @article{WalperKreyenfeld, author = {Walper, Sabine and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {The intensification of parenting in Germany: The role of socioeconomic background and family form}, series = {Social Sciences}, volume = {11 (3)}, journal = {Social Sciences}, number = {134}, doi = {10.3390/socsci11030134}, abstract = {Drawing on the international discourse on the intensification of parenting and new data from Germany, this paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the unique challenges that parents face in the 21st century. We used data from the survey "Parenthood Today", which was conducted in 2019 to examine parents' views on parenting in Germany. The data comprised standardized interviews with 1652 mothers and fathers. We focused on three dimensions of parental pressures: namely, time pressure, financial pressure, and pressure that emanates from the educational system. Time pressure referred to the pressure currently felt, whereas financial pressure and pressure from the educational system referred to changes across time. In each of these domains, more than 60\% of the parents experienced high (time) or increasing (education and financial) pressure. Binary logistic regressions showed that while parental education was a strong predictor of experiencing an increase in financial pressure, parental education did not matter for other realms of parenting. However, employment and family form were strongly related to parental time pressure. Full-time employed lone mothers, but also non-resident fathers, reported experiencing heavy pressure when trying to balance their roles as a worker and as a carer. Our results draw attention to the importance of better integrating the needs of post-separation families, including of non-resident fathers, in the debate on the "intensification of parenting".}, language = {en} } @article{RohdeLiebenau, author = {Rohde-Liebenau, Judith}, title = {EU identity visions and narratives of 'us' and 'them' in European Schools}, series = {European Societies}, volume = {24}, journal = {European Societies}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1080/14616696.2022.2101679}, pages = {409 -- 430}, abstract = {In 'European Schools', created for children of EU officials, narratives of European identity among students could match EU visions. Yet, students' individual narrations of their identities are more complex. The study systematises these narratives of Europeanness: cosmopolitan, multinational and transnational notions of 'us' and 'them'. Qualitative thematic analysis provides perspectives on what 'being (not) European' means for EU, European Schools and teachers - and most importantly, it disentangles identity narratives of European School students. Based on interviewing 101 students across three schools, the analysis shows that EU and European School propositions of a multinational European identity differ from teachers' and students' cosmopolitan and transnational narratives. At the EU level, Europeanness implies an 'out-group' of a nationalist, war-torn past. Students contradict EU visions by widening teachers' antinationalist narrative and excluding people within Europe. They exclude intolerant and narrow-minded, but more generally people who are more national and less mobile than their 'in-group'. Systematically comparing European identity narratives thus helps to uncover these contradictions. Not all narratives about Europe are available to everyone and individual opportunities to partake in mobile, multilingual Europeanness need reconsideration.}, language = {en} } @book{Akbik, author = {Akbik, Adina}, title = {The European Parliament as an Accountability Forum: Overseeing the Economic and Monetary Union}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/9781108886611}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {234}, abstract = {This book provides the first in-depth empirical study of the European Parliament's powers of scrutiny of the executive in the European Union (EU), focusing on the politically salient field of the Economic and Monetary Union. The expansion of executive decision-making during the euro crisis was accompanied by an empowerment of the European Parliament through legislative oversight. This book examines how the European Parliament exercises that oversight on a day-to-day basis and thus contributes to political accountability at the EU level. Building on an innovative analytical framework for the study of parliamentary questions and answers, Adina Akbik sheds light on the European Parliament's possibilities and limitations to hold EU executive bodies accountable more generally. Case studies cover the period 2012-2019 and include the European Central Bank in banking supervision, the European Commission, the Eurogroup, and the Economic and Financial Affairs Council.}, language = {en} } @misc{DawsonJachtenfuchs, author = {Dawson, Mark and Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, title = {Autonomy without collapse in a Better European Union}, editor = {Dawson, Mark and Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192897541}, pages = {208}, abstract = {The European Union's history exhibits numerous episodes in which Member States have sought to re-enforce their national autonomy in the face of deepening integration. Efforts to re-gain autonomy, however, are often accompanied by legitimate concerns that autonomy will lead to dis-integration or will have wider destructive consequences. The EU thus faces a dilemma. Calls for autonomy cannot all be dismissed as mere populist rhetoric or national egoism but instead represent a legitimate questioning of the degree of uniformity that EU law and politics presently carry. At the same time, the fear that greater autonomy may carry dis-integrative effects is also legitimate -uniformity is not an accidental by-product of the EU's construction but intrinsically related to its policy goals. Giving too much room for autonomy might create an opportunity structure for the loss of collective goods, deficits in problem-solving, and perhaps even to self-destruction. The EU requires autonomy, but in doing so, it must also avoid collapse. Can it achieve it, and if so, how? Autonomy without Collapse is devoted to exploring innovative answers to this question. It draws together scholars in law and political science interested in exploring how to overcome the central dilemma of preserving sustainable yet real autonomy in the future European Union.}, language = {en} } @incollection{DawsonJachtenfuchs, author = {Dawson, Mark and Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, title = {Autonomy without Collapse? Towards a Better European Union.}, series = {Autonomy without Collapse in a Better European Union}, booktitle = {Autonomy without Collapse in a Better European Union}, editor = {Dawson, Mark and Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192897541}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {3 -- 20}, language = {en} } @techreport{Koenig, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Koenig, Nicole}, title = {Towards QMV in EU Foreign Policy: Different Paths at Multiple Speeds}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45343}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The Conference on the Future of Europe has put the extension of qualified majority voting (QMV) at the top of the EU's reform agenda. The EU's response to the invasion of Ukraine has underlined the pitfalls associated with unanimity. And the old debate on the balance between deepening and widening has come back with the prospective EU membership for Ukraine and Moldova. While the extension of QMV to the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) is currently the most popular reform option for member states, there is no quick and easy path towards it. This policy brief discusses different paths and potential short-cuts. The member states should seize the current window of opportunity to explore different approaches and speeds for different sub-areas of CFSP and prepare a broader reform package for the medium to long term.}, language = {en} } @article{GenschelJachtenfuchsMigliorati, author = {Genschel, Philipp and Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Migliorati, Marta}, title = {Differentiated integration as symbolic politics? Constitutional differentiation and policy reintegration in core state powers}, series = {European Union Politics}, journal = {European Union Politics}, doi = {10.1177/14651165221128291}, abstract = {What are the policy consequences of constitutional differentiation in core state powers? We argue that the most important consequence is not necessarily the exclusion of the constitutional outs from the policies of the ins, but their reintegration by different means. The outs often have strong functional and political incentives to re-join the policies they opted out from, and the ins have good reasons to help them back in. We develop a theoretical framework that derives the incentives for reintegration from the costs of a policy exclusion. We use a novel dataset of reintegration opportunities to map trends and patterns of reintegration across policy fields and member states. We analyze selected cases of reintegration to probe the plausibility of our theoretical argument.}, language = {en} } @article{vandenBrink, author = {van den Brink, Martijn}, title = {When can religious employers discriminate? The scope of the religious ethos exemption in EU law}, series = {European Law Open}, volume = {1}, journal = {European Law Open}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/elo.2022.1}, pages = {89 -- 112}, abstract = {When are religious employers exempt from the prohibition of discrimination (i.e., when can they discriminate against non-adherents)? The European Union (EU) Equality Framework Directive exempts religious employers from the prohibition of religious discrimination, but the scope of the religious ethos exemption is disputed and its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Egenberger and IR v JQ has been criticised for being ultra vires and for disrespecting the constitutional identities of the EU Member States. This article clarifies the religious ethos exemption, by examining the underlying legal and normative issues that determine its scope. It shows that the scope of the exemption depends not just on the Framework Directive but also on the relationship between EU law and national constitutional law and that between EU law and international law. Thus, this article not only provides clarity regarding the religious ethos exemption, but also uses these judgements as an opportunity to revisit these related constitutional issues, and in particular the role of the CJEU and EU legislature in defining the place of national constitutional identity in EU law.}, language = {en} } @incollection{vandenBrink, author = {van den Brink, Martijn}, title = {The relationship between national and EU citizenship: What is it and what should it be?}, series = {Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy. Navigating Challenges and Crises.}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy. Navigating Challenges and Crises.}, editor = {Daniel, Thym and Dora, Kostakopoulou}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {978 1 78897 289 5}, doi = {10.4337/9781788972901}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {100 -- 114}, abstract = {In this chapter, Martijn van den Brink discusses two questions: what is the relationship between national and EU citizenship legally speaking, and what should it be normatively speaking? While often conflated, these questions must be considered independently of each other. He argues first that EU law is not even capable of justifying the very minimal restrictions CJEU case law has imposed on the authority of Member States to determine the rules on the acquisition and loss of national citizenship. It certainly cannot justify more far-reaching restrictions such as outlawing investor citizenship or allowing UK nationals to retain their EU citizenship. Normatively speaking, however, Martijn van den Brink makes the case for giving the EU greater influence over the conditions relating to the loss and acquisition of national and EU citizenship, in particular to ensure that third-country nationals with social ties to their society of residence have a credible path to citizenship.}, language = {en} } @article{FreudlspergerMaricutAkbikMigliorati, author = {Freudlsperger, Christian and Maricut-Akbik, Adina and Migliorati, Marta}, title = {Opening Pandora's Box? Joint Sovereignty and the Rise of EU Agencies with Operational Tasks}, series = {Comparitive Political Studies}, volume = {55}, journal = {Comparitive Political Studies}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1177/00104140211066223}, pages = {1983 -- 2014}, abstract = {This article problematises the proliferation of European Union (EU) agencies with operational tasks as a new phenomenon capturing the exercise of joint sovereignty in European integration. While joint decision-making has been a feature of EU politics for decades, joint sovereignty is a broader category that additionally involves the creation of EU bodies able to intervene 'on the ground' alongside national public actors. We argue that the choice for joint sovereignty opens a Pandora's box of implementation deficiencies which undermine the ability of both national and supranational actors to conduct operational activities effectively. We subsequently identify two frequent dysfunctions in policy implementation and connect them to ambiguity and conflict at the decision-making stage. Empirically, we illustrate the systemic link between decision-making and implementation problems in the functioning of two agencies with operational tasks active in the fields of border management (Frontex) and police cooperation (Europol).}, language = {en} } @article{Obendiek, author = {Obendiek, Anke S.}, title = {What Are We Actually Talking About? Conceptualizing Data as a Governable Object in Overlapping Jurisdictions}, series = {International Studies Quarterly}, volume = {66}, journal = {International Studies Quarterly}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1093/isq/sqab080}, abstract = {Data form an increasingly essential element of contemporary politics, as both public and private actors extend claims of their legitimate control in diverse areas including health, security, and trade. This paper investigates data governance as a site of fundamental normative and political ordering processes that unfold in light of ever-increasing inter- and transnational linkages. Drawing on the concept of jurisdictional conflicts, the paper traces the evolution of data governance in three cases of transatlantic conflicts as diverging definitional claims over data. The paper argues that these conflicts reveal varying conceptualizations of data linked to four distinct visions of the social world. First, a conceptualization of data as an individual rights issue links human rights with the promotion of sovereignty to a vision of data governance as local liberalism. Second, proponents of a security partnership promote global security cooperation based on the conceptualization of data as a neutral instrument. Third, a conceptualization of data as an economic resource is linked to a vision of the digital economy that endorses progress and innovation with limited regulation. Fourth, a conceptualization of data as a collective resource links the values of universal rights and global rules to a vision of global protection.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Mack, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mack, Sebastian}, title = {Out of the Dark - An EU Asset Register to Combat Illicit Financial Flows}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45237}, pages = {8}, abstract = {The challenges of enforcing sanctions against Russian oligarchs have brought the problem of financial secrecy to the fore. Governments in the EU lack the information necessary to identify, locate and freeze the assets of Vladimir Putin's entourage. What is missing is an EU-wide asset register that would not only shed light on the wealth of sanctioned individuals, but also help in Europe's fight against financial crime. This policy brief outlines the steps needed to build an interconnected EU asset register based on existing data collection requirements. Such a register could be practically implemented in the context of the ongoing overhaul of the EU anti-money laundering legislation.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Koenig, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Koenig, Nicole}, title = {Putin's war and the Strategic Compass: A quantum leap for the EU's security and defence policy?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45242}, pages = {8}, abstract = {One month into the Russian war against Ukraine, the EU approved the Strategic Compass. The strategy document promises a quantum leap in the EU's security and defence policy. But how realistic is this? The war sharpened the focus of the Compass, it triggered a substantial increase in defence spending, and it enhanced the sense of urgency regarding implementation. It is less clear whether it will entail a greater capacity to act, more strategic autonomy and better spending. The member states will have to move on these issues if there is to be a real quantum leap.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nguyen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nguyen, Thu}, title = {How to change what? A Reformer's Guide to the legal bases of the EU fiscal framework}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45256}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Between the deleterious effect of the Covid pandemic on public finances and the financial investments required to stem the growing climate emergency, the debate on reforming the EU fiscal framework has become ever more urgent. At the same time, there is no consensus on what reforms are needed even among those calling for them. A variety of proposals exists but it often remains unclear what legal changes they imply. This question is key for their implementation, however. In this Policy Brief, Thu Nguyen provides an overview of the legal bases of the current EU fiscal framework to help inform the reform debate.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RedekerNguyen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Redeker, Nils and Nguyen, Thu}, title = {If not now, when? The German government should seize the opportunity that the Conference on the Future of Europe provides}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45271}, pages = {3}, abstract = {Last week, the Conference on the Future of Europe was concluded. Now far-reaching reform proposals are on the table. However, there is a great risk of these proposals petering out. The Russian war of aggression shows how urgently the EU needs reforms. The German government should therefore seize the opportunity presented by the Conference. First, it should take its own European policy ambitions seriously and join forces with France to push for treaty changes. Second, it must find pragmatic steps in the short term to develop a constructive agenda from the Conference proposals, even below the threshold of treaty change.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Baranowska, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Baranowska, Grażyna}, title = {Missing migrants: Lessons from the EU's response to Ukrainian refugees}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45289}, pages = {8}, abstract = {With several reports highlighting cases in which migrants fleeing the war on Ukraine had disappeared en route to a safe haven in the EU, this Policy Brief by Dr. Grazyna Baranowska analyses how the EU and its member states address the issue of missing migrants. Ahead of the first International Migration Review Forum, it specifically shows how the Commission's 10-Point-Plan to manage the arrival of more than 6 million Ukrainian refugees can provide a suitable model for further European initiatives to address the challenges related to missing migrants and implement the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration to that end.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nguyen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nguyen, Thu}, title = {The proof of the pudding. Imposing financial measures for rule of law breaches.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45294}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The EU's rule of law toolbox is growing, not just in theory but also in practice. At the same time, the Russian war in Ukraine has made abundantly clear the importance of protecting rule of law and democracy also at home. In this Policy Brief, Thu Nguyen maps the tools the EU has at its disposal to impose financial measures against member states that breach the rule of law. By illustrating the potential scale and scope of those instruments, she shows that the window of opportunity to leverage EU money against member states to enforce compliance with rule of law has never been bigger.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RedekerJaeger, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Redeker, Nils and J{\"a}ger, Philipp}, title = {New needs, new prices, same money - Why the EU must raise its game to combat the war's economic fallout}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45307}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Russia's invasion of Ukraine puts EU economic policy making on the spot. At the beginning of the war, there was some uncertainty whether the combination of dampening growth, rising energy prices and new investment needs would warrant new common EU spending. However, in recent weeks the fog has cleared. It is now evident, that without additional common expenditures the EU risks undermining its common position towards Russia and that new money is needed to finance necessary investments in energy independence.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Redeker, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Redeker, Nils}, title = {Wielding the Big Gun - What the ECB's New Bond Purchasing Program Means for EU Governance}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45316}, pages = {9}, abstract = {With the Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI), the ECB has significantly widened its toolbox. However, the implications of the new program go beyond monetary policy. By linking bond purchases to member states following the EU's economic governance framework, the central bank has potentially increased the size of the gun the Commission and the Council can wield to incentivize compliance. But it has also made it much harder to pull the trigger. Without reforms, the new ECB program will therefore accentuate existing deficiencies of the rulebook. The onus is now on politics to change that.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RascheWelfensEngler, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Rasche, Lucas and Welfens, Natalie and Engler, Marcus}, title = {The EU Migration Pact at Two: What Remains of the Fresh Start?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45325}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Two years after the presentation of the New Pact on Asylum and Migration, this policy brief takes stock of the negotiations. Although there has recently been some movement in the efforts to reform the EU asylum system, which have been stuck for years, little has remained of the promised "fresh start". The authors argue that the proposed reforms and the reference to individual progress in the negotiations seem increasingly out of touch with reality given the ongoing grievances at the EU's external borders. In view of the Council's and the European Parliament's (EP) goal of concluding negotiations by April 2024, the progressive forces in both institutions should use the remaining time to make access to a fair asylum procedure and respect for fundamental rights at the EU's external borders central building blocks of the reformed asylum system.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Mack, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mack, Sebastian}, title = {Give us the tools and we'll finish the job: How Europe can fix the broken audit market}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45330}, pages = {19}, abstract = {The European audit market has been broken for far too long. After glaring audit failures in the recent past, the legislation is once more under review. Fixing the persistent shortcomings will require serious reforms in three areas. To increase competition and rein in the dominant position of the Big Four, joint audits including at least one challenger firm should become mandatory. Auditors should be prohibited from providing their audit clients with consulting services to eliminate conflicts of interest. And the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) should directly supervise the biggest audit firms to ensure effective oversight. With bold and binding tools, European decision-makers can finish the job and finally turn the EU audit market around.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Sozialstruktur und Familienformen}, series = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, editor = {Hill, Paul B. and Kopp, Johannes}, publisher = {Springer VS}, isbn = {978-3-658-02276-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_12}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {345 -- 373}, abstract = {Der Beitrag beschreibt die Grundz{\"u}ge des sozialstrukturellen Wandels der Lebensformen in Deutschland. Zun{\"a}chst werden Konzepte und theoretische Ans{\"a}tze zur Erkl{\"a}rung von Lebensformen und familialen Verhaltensweisen skizziert. Anschließend werden Strukturen und Wandel der Lebens- und Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland nach 1990 auf der Grundlage des Mikrozensus und des deutschen Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) empirisch untersucht. Dargestellt werden die altersspezifische Verteilung der Lebensformen, der Wandel der Familienformen von Frauen und M{\"a}nnern seit den 1990er Jahren sowie bildungsspezifische Entwicklungen. Weiterhin beleuchtet der Artikel an den Beispielen des {\"U}bergangs zur Mutterschaft und der nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft die kohortenspezifi sche Lebenslaufdynamik von Familienformen. Schließlich wird mit Stieff amilien ein in der empirischen Forschung bislang wenig untersuchter Aspekt der Differenzierung der Familienformen aufgegriffen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{GlobischMuellerFuchsetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Globisch, Claudia and M{\"u}ller, Dana and Fuchs, Michaela and Christoph, Bernhard and Danneck, Viktoria and Dummert, Sandra and Volkert, Marieke and Abendroth, Anja and Anger, Silke and Boll, Christina and Carstensen, Tanja and Fervers, Lukas and Hipp, Lena and Jacob, Marita and Knize, Veronika and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Lott, Yvonne and Naujoks, Tabea and Sauermann, Armin and Sch{\"u}ller, Simone and Tobler, Lina}, title = {Aufteilung der Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit zwischen Frauen und M{\"a}nnern: In der Pandemie {\"a}ndern sich Geschlechterrollen kaum}, series = {IAB-Kurzbericht}, journal = {IAB-Kurzbericht}, number = {05}, language = {de} } @article{Kreyenfeld, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Getrennte Eltern, geteilte Betreuung}, series = {DJI Impulse}, volume = {1/22}, journal = {DJI Impulse}, pages = {38 -- 41}, language = {de} } @article{OswaldBright, author = {Oswald, Lisa and Bright, Jonathan}, title = {How Do Climate Change Skeptics Engage with Opposing Views Online? Evidence from a Major Climate Change Skeptic Forum on Reddit}, series = {Environmental Communication}, journal = {Environmental Communication}, doi = {10.1080/17524032.2022.2071314}, abstract = {Does exposure to opposing views contribute to breaking down science skepticism? In this study, we contribute to the debate by examining reactions to opposing views within a major climate change skeptic online community on "Reddit." A large sample of posts (N = 3000) was manually coded according to whether they were opposed to climate skepticism or not, which allowed the automated classification of the full dataset of more than 50,000 posts, with codes inferred from linked websites. We find that confrontation with opposing views triggered activity in the forum, particularly among users who are highly engaged with the community. Those engaging with such views were also more likely to comment again. In other words, light engagement with opposition reinforced the community we study, rather than undermining it. Considering our findings, defensive or preventive policies appear more promising than strategies to actively counter systematic and persistent skepticism of scientific issues.}, language = {en} } @techreport{JachtenfuchsGenschelMiglioratietal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Genschel, Philipp and Migliorati, Marta and Loschert, Franziska}, title = {Differentiated integration and core state powers: the EU budget and Justice and Home Affairs}, edition = {Working Paper, EUI RSC, 2022/47, Integrating Diversity in the European Union (InDivEU)}, abstract = {This paper studies two areas of Core State Powers (CSP), i.e. the EU budget and Justice and Home Affairs. The two cases have the aim to reconstruct how Differentiated Integration (DI) has developed over time in these two specific domains. While the aim is the same for both cases, the way the cases are structured is substantially different. This is due to various reasons. First, the politics of the EU budget go back to the early days of the EU, while JHA is a post-Maastricht feature. This implies that the budget case study concentrates on a much longer time span. Second, DI in the budget interests several member states, while in JHA it is a phenomenon circumscribed to fewer members. Finally, the politics of the budget are decided through intergovernmental negotiations, while JHA is a rather supranationalised policy that relies a lot on secondary legislation and EU executive bodies such as EU agencies.}, language = {en} } @techreport{JachtenfuchsGenschelMigliorati, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Genschel, Philipp and Migliorati, Marta}, title = {Report on the expanded EUDIFF 1 dataset}, edition = {EUI RSC; 2022/40; Integrating Diversity in the European Union (InDivEU) }, pages = {57}, abstract = {This report provides a general overview of the dataset under construction for WP5, EUDIFF-RES, focusing on differentiated integration in core state powers (CSP) in the European Union (EU). The report explains the rationale behind the data collection and provides an outline of the information gathered so far. The aim of the report is to make the dataset easily accessible to anyone who wishes to utlise it for further research.}, language = {en} } @techreport{JachtenfuchsGenschelMigliorati, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Genschel, Philipp and Migliorati, Marta}, title = {Report on the expansion of the EUDIFF 1 dataset}, edition = {EUI RSC; 2022/38; Integrating Diversity in the European Union (InDivEU) }, pages = {22}, abstract = {The present report makes an overview of the progresses made so far in Work Package 5. At this initial stage, the main aim was to develop a new coding for core state powers in EU legislation. Such coding serves the purpose of expanding EUDIFF1 through new information on core state powers integration. The report is structured as follows: after a brief introduction, Section I presents a tripartite categorization of core state powers modes of integration. Section II tests the plausibility of the proposed categorisations through an empirical analysis that explores primary legislation from 1952 to 2016. Section III discusses the possibility of a more fine-grained distinction.}, language = {en} } @techreport{JachtenfuchsGenschelMigliorati, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Genschel, Philipp and Migliorati, Marta}, title = {Report on patterns of variation in DI across areas of core state power and instruments of integration}, edition = {Working Paper, EUI RSC, 2022/39, Integrating Diversity in the European Union (InDivEU) }, pages = {22}, abstract = {The paper summarises different patterns of differentiation and reintegration in core state powers during the post-Maastricht period, based on the EUDIFF-RES dataset. Moreover, it offers a theoretical framework able to explain the observed variation. The framework is further tested by means of short empirical illustrations taken from different policy areas. Overall, the EUDIFF-RES dataset substantially contributes to our understanding of CSP differentiated integration by revealing that the behaviour of states vis-a-vis core state powers varies greatly according to the kind of resource, as well as the costs and opportunities attached to it.}, language = {en} } @article{ZartlerSuwadaKreyenfeld, author = {Zartler, Ulrike and Suwada, Katarzyna and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Family lives during the COVID-19 pandemic in European Societies: Introduction to the Special Issue}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {1}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-808}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {Objective: This chapter introduces the reader to the Special Issue "Family Lives during the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Societies". Background: This Special Issue analyses how families, parents, and children have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they have been coping with its related challenges in different societal contexts. Method: The studies collected in this Special Issue are based on qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches and data that have been gathered during 2020 in a range of European countries. It covers the first lockdown period, the reopening phases, and the months thereafter. Results: The 20 contributions of this Special Issue show that families shouldered large responsibilities during the pandemic. While the pandemic did not lead to radical shifts in gendered care patterns, mothers and fathers experienced the pandemic differently, with mothers reporting higher levels of stress. Moreover, there was great heterogeneity in how different types of families and children were affected by the pandemic. Single parents and parents and children in low-income households were most strongly affected in their social and economic wellbeing. Social and economic distress are strongly interwoven, and the developments during the pandemic aggravated existing social disparities. Conclusion: This Special Issue underlines the importance of the family for the functioning of societies during times of crisis. It also shows that policy makers often adopted a too narrow view of what constitutes a family and did not adequately address family diversity in their decision making. This Special Issue furthermore emphasized that there is a danger that the pandemic will increase disparities between families. Thus, parents and their children need adequate support measures that are tailored to their needs, and that are designed to alleviate these social, economic and educational disparities.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ruhnau, author = {Ruhnau, Oliver}, title = {The Economics of Flexible Electricity Demand}, school = {Hertie School}, abstract = {In electricity systems, supply traditionally follows demand. Consequently, economists have focused on analyzing supply while assuming perfectly inelastic demand. Demand flexibility, if at all, occurred in deterministic patterns, such as during peak and off-peak periods, incentivized by static time-of-use tariffs. Nowadays, the role of electricity demand is changing fundamentally: growing shares of fluctuating wind and solar energy require flexibility in a larger quantity and on a stochastic basis; increasing loads of electric vehicles, heat pumps, and hydrogen electrolyzers could provide flexibility through battery, thermal, and gas storage; and the introduction of smart meters enables dynamic real-time tariffs and an automated response of distributed loads. This cumulative dissertation contributes to the economic understanding of flexible electricity demand with five scientific articles. Article 1 starts with reviewing the role of electrification in decarbonization scenarios for heating and road transport in Germany. The article finds that decarbonization drives electrification, leading to an increase in electricity demand by a factor of roughly two. Direct and indirect electrification options are contrasted with respect to their distinct flexibility potential. Articles 2 and 3 explore the implications of decentralized electric heat pumps and centralized electrolytic hydrogen, respectively, for the market value of renewables. Both use the same numerical electricity market model. Article 2 finds that the volatility of the heat pump's electricity demand challenges the electricity system, which becomes apparent in increasing load cost. A flexible operation of heat pumps may reduce this challenge, but potential benefits for the market value of wind energy are minor. By contrast, Article 3 shows that hydrogen electrolyzers have the potential to stabilize renewable market values at high renewable market shares effectively and permanently, because additional renewable supply can trigger investment in additional hydrogen electrolyzers with additional demand. Articles 4 and 5 investigate the flexibility of the current electricity demand using econometric models with instrumental variables. Article 4 reveals that, at an hourly temporal resolution, the aggregated electricity demand in Germany is indeed price-elastic; it decreases by 70 MW for every € 1 per MWh increase in the day-ahead wholesale price. Article 5 finds that demand is also price-responsive in the very short term: the demand for imbalance energy responds to the imbalance price—despite the legal obligation in Germany to minimize imbalances independent of prices.}, language = {en} } @article{SpitzerShaikh, author = {Spitzer, Sonja and Shaikh, Mujaheed}, title = {Health misperception and healthcare utilisation among older Europeans}, series = {Journal of Economics of Ageing}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of Economics of Ageing}, number = {100383}, doi = {10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100383}, abstract = {Health misperception can have serious consequences on health. Despite their relevance, the role of such biases in determining healthcare utilisation is severely underexplored. Here we study the relationship between health perception and doctor visits for the population 50+ in Europe. We conceptualise health misperception as arising from either overconfidence or underconfidence, where overconfidence is measured as overestimation of health and underconfidence is measured as underestimation of health. Comparing objective performance measures and their self-reported equivalents from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we find that individuals who overestimate their health visit the doctor 17.0\% less often than individuals who correctly assess their health, which is crucial for preventive care such as screenings. In contrast, individuals who underestimate their health visit the doctor more often (21.4\% more). Effects are similar for dentist visits, but we find no effects on hospital stays. The results are robust to several sensitivity tests and, more important, to various conceptualisations of the health perception measure.}, language = {en} } @article{SpitzerShaikhWeber, author = {Spitzer, Sonja and Shaikh, Mujaheed and Weber, Daniela}, title = {Older Europeans' health perception and their adaptive behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckab221}, pages = {322 -- 327}, abstract = {Background Although older adults are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 virus, a significant proportion of them do not follow recommended guidelines concerning preventive actions during the ongoing pandemic. This article analyses the role of biased health beliefs for adaptive health behaviour such as reduced mobility, protection in public spaces and hygiene measures, for the population aged 50 and older in 13 European countries. Methods Health perception is measured based on the difference between self-reported health and physical performance tests for over 24 000 individuals included in the most recent Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Logistic regressions are employed to explore how over- and underestimating health are related to preventive behaviours. Results Results suggest that older adults who underestimate their health are more likely to show adaptive behaviour related to mobility reductions. In particular, they are more likely to stay at home, shop less and go for walks less often. In contrast, overestimating health is not significantly associated with reduced mobility. Protective behaviour in public spaces and adopting hygiene measures do not vary systematically between health perception groups. Conclusion As health beliefs appear relevant for the adoption of preventive health behaviours related to mobility, they have serious consequences for the health and well-being of older Europeans. Although adaptive behaviour helps to contain the virus, exaggerated mobility reduction in those who underestimate their health might be contributing to the already high social isolation and loneliness of older adults during the ongoing pandemic.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Buender, author = {B{\"u}nder, Tobias}, title = {The Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Health Products. Interrogating the Role of Multinational Companies in Tackling Global Development Challenges}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4474}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44746}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {132}, abstract = {Society increasingly calls on business, in particular multinational companies, to contribute to solving global challenges such as poverty, hunger, or the recent pandemic. Many companies and industries have responded positively to these expectations and use a broad set of efforts to work toward objectives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, research has frequently pointed out that that there is limited evidence for multinational companies being effective to this end, as they have to overcome many internal and external hurdles in tackling such development challenges. Thus, uncertainty remains with regard to how multinational companies can become instrumental in addressing the persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. This cumulative dissertation explores this question by studying how the multinational pharmaceutical industry has acted upon the challenge of insufficient access to medicines, vaccines, and other health products in low- and middle-income countries. By analyzing how two companies have tried to integrate access objectives into their business, the first empirical paper brings to surface two types of integration efforts that differently enable companies to make progress on the access challenge. It also highlights the strategizing needed for each type of integration to overcome internal and external challenges. The remaining two papers look at the pharmaceutical industry's contributions to the Kenyan response to non-communicable diseases as a case of the growing scale and scope of involvement of multinational companies on the local level. One paper shows that local development actors perceive this as a challenging and risky phenomenon and lays out why and how they engage with companies as development agents regardless. By studying the Kenyan case, the final piece looks more closely at how governance structures may help to ensure that industry-led public health initiatives contribute to development objectives. Together, these papers contribute to management research by showcasing different pathways through which companies can become instrumental in making progress on development challenges: an internal pathway of integrating social objectives into the business as well as an external pathway of steering corporate initiatives through local actors and governance structures. Finally, it also informs debates in global health research by adding often neglected firm- and country-level perspectives on the growing role of business in global health.}, language = {en} } @article{Welfens, author = {Welfens, Natalie}, title = {Ungleicher Zugang. Kategorisierungspraktiken in deutschen humanit{\"a}ren Aufnahmeprogrammen f{\"u}r syrische Gefl{\"u}chtete}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4719}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-47196}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Frage, wie politische und soziale Kategorisierungen den Zugang zu Aufnahmeprogrammen regulieren und wie entstehende Ungleichheiten gerechtfertigt werden. {\"U}ber humanit{\"a}re Aufnahmeprogramme nehmen europ{\"a}ische und andere sichere L{\"a}nder eine begrenzet Zahl Schutzsuchender aus Erstzufluchtsl{\"a}ndern auf. Auf Basis von Herkunft, Geschlecht, Alter und anderen Kategorien wird entschieden, wer ›am schutzbed{\"u}rftigsten‹ ist und entsprechend umgesiedelt werden soll. Anhand der deutschen humanit{\"a}ren Aufnahmeprogramme f{\"u}r syrische Gefl{\"u}chtete untersucht der Beitrag Kategorisierungspraktiken aus praxistheoretischer und intersektionaler Perspektive entlang des gesamten Aufnahmeprozesses. Dadurch wird einerseits die Verwobenheit verschiedener Kategorisierungspraktiken unterschiedlicher Akteur:innen und andererseits die Hierarchisierung von Schutzbedarf deutlich.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmittHaarmannShaikh, author = {Schmitt, Tugce and Haarmann, Alexander and Shaikh, Mujaheed}, title = {Strengthening health system governance in Germany: looking back, planning ahead}, series = {Health Economics, Policy and Law}, volume = {18}, journal = {Health Economics, Policy and Law}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/S1744133122000123}, pages = {14 -- 31}, abstract = {Health system governance has been receiving increasing attention in health system research since the 1980s. The contemporary challenges that the German health system is faced with are often closely linked to governance issues. Although Germany has the highest health expenditure as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the European Union (EU), the spending on healthcare is out of proportion to the health outcomes of the population. The reason for this lies mainly in the complexity of the German health system which is hard to steer due to several administrative levels in the country and numerous policy actors to whom the decision-making power on healthcare provision is delegated. In this paper, we present the results of focus group discussions on governance and build upon the insights gained through the Neustart project of the Robert Bosch Foundation. Based on an internationally recognised health governance framework from the World Health Organization (WHO), experts who work in, on or for the German health system addressed health governance challenges. They provided evidence-based recommendations for the new legislative period (2021-2025) on transparency, accountability, participation, integrity and capacity of the German health system.}, language = {en} } @article{PekMenaLyons, author = {Pek, Simon and Mena, S{\´e}bastien and Lyons, Brent}, title = {The Role of Deliberative Mini-Publics in Improving the Deliberative Capacity of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives}, series = {Business Ethics Quarterly}, volume = {33}, journal = {Business Ethics Quarterly}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/beq.2022.20}, pages = {102 -- 145}, abstract = {Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs)—private governance mechanisms involving firms, civil society organizations, and other actors deliberating to set rules, such as standards or codes of conduct, with which firms comply voluntarily—have become important tools for governing global business activities and the social and environmental consequences of these activities. Yet, this growth is paralleled with concerns about MSIs' deliberative capacity, including the limited inclusion of some marginalized stakeholders, bias toward corporate interests, and, ultimately, ineffectiveness in their role as regulators. In this article, we conceptualize MSIs as deliberative systems to open the black box of the different elements that make up the MSI polity and better understand how their deliberative capacity hinges on problems in different elements. On the basis of this conceptualization, we examine how deliberative mini-publics—forums in which a randomly selected group of individuals from a particular population engage in learning and facilitated deliberations about a topic—can improve the deliberative capacity of MSIs.}, language = {en} } @article{Bryson, author = {Bryson, Joanna}, title = {One Day, AI Will Seem as Human as Anyone. What Then?}, series = {Wired}, journal = {Wired}, language = {en} } @article{HelblingMaxwellMunzertetal., author = {Helbling, Marc and Maxwell, Rahsaan and Munzert, Simon and Traunm{\"u}ller, Richard}, title = {The importance of citizenship for deserving COVID-19 treatment}, series = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, number = {302}, doi = {10.1057/s41599-022-01311-4}, abstract = {Immigrant non-citizens are often considered less deserving than citizens of welfare and other public services. The logic is that valuable and scarce public resources must be limited somehow, and the club of citizens is one way of drawing a boundary. In this paper, we examine how far that boundary extends, by analyzing the extent to which Germans prioritize citizens over non-citizens for access to life-saving healthcare. We implement a conjoint experiment to elicit preferences in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected between April 2020 and March 2021, in 23 waves of an online rolling crosssectional survey with roughly 17,000 respondents. Our main finding is that citizens are viewed as more deserving of healthcare than non-citizen immigrants, a relationship that is sizeable and robust. Our findings have implications for debates about social boundaries and how to allocate resources in Western Europe.}, language = {en} } @article{RomanelloDiNapoliDrummondetal., author = {Romanello, Marina and Di Napoli, Claudia and Drummond, Paul and Green, Carole and Kennard, Harry and Lampard, Pete and Scamman, Daniel and Arnell, Nigel and Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja and Berrang Ford, Lea and Belesova, Kristine and Bowen, Kathryn and Cai, Wenjia and Callaghan, Max and Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid and Chambers, Jonathan and Daalen, Kim R van and Dalin, Carole and Dasandi, Niheer and Dasgupta, Shouro and Davies, Michael and Dominguez-Salas, Paula and Dubrow, Robert and Ebi, Kristie L and Eckelman, Matthew and Ekins, Paul and Escobar, Luis E and Georgeson, Lucien and Graham, Hilary and Gunther, Samuel H and Hamilton, Ian and Hang, Yun and H{\"a}nninen, Risto and Hartinger, Stella and He, Kehan and Hess, Jeremy J and Hsu, Shih-Che and Jankin, Slava and Jamart, Louis and Jay, Ollie and Kelman, Ilan and Kiesewetter, Gregor and Kinney, Patrick and Kjellstrom, Tord and Kniveton, Dominic and Lee, Jason K W and Lemke, Bruno and Liu, Zhao and Lott, Melissa and Lotto Batista, Martin and Lowe, Rachel and MacGuire, Frances and Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo and Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime and Maslin, Mark and McAllister, Lucy and McGushin, Alice and McMichael, Celia and Mi, Zhifu and Milner, James and Minor, Kelton and Minx, Jan C and Mohajeri, Nahid and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Morrissey, Karyn and Munzert, Simon and Murray, Kris A and Neville, Tara and Nilsson, Maria and Obradovich, Nick and O'Hare, Megan B and Oreszczyn, Tadj and Otto, Matthias and Owfi, Fereidoon and Pearman, Olivia and Rabbaniha, Mahnaz and Robinson, Elizabeth J Z and Rockl{\"o}v, Joacim and Salas, Renee N and Semenza, Jan C and Sherman, Jodi D and Shi, Liuhua and Shumake-Guillemot, Joy and Silbert, Grant and Sofiev, Mikhail and Springmann, Marco and Stowell, Jennifer and Tabatabaei, Meisam and Taylor, Jonathon and Tri{\~n}anes, Joaquin and Wagner, Fabian and Wilkinson, Paul and Winning, Matthew and Yglesias-Gonz{\´a}lez, Marisol and Zhang, Shihui and Gong, Peng and Montgomery, Hugh and Costello, Anthony}, title = {The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels}, series = {The Lancet}, volume = {400}, journal = {The Lancet}, number = {10363}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9}, pages = {1619 -- 1654}, language = {en} } @techreport{RavensSiebererKamanDevineetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Kaman, Anne and Devine, Janine and L{\"o}ffler, Constanze and Reiß, Franziska and Napp, Ann-Kathrin and Gilbert, Martha and Naderi, Hila and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Schlack, Robert and H{\"o}lling, Heike and Erhart, Michael}, title = {Seelische Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Eltern w{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie. Ergebnisse der COPSY-L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie}, series = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt}, journal = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt}, number = {7}, doi = {10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0173}, pages = {326 -- 327}, language = {de} } @incollection{HundehegeHustedt, author = {Hundehege, Anna and Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {On a Wild Goose Chase? The (Core) Executive in Germany}, series = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, booktitle = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, editor = {Kolltveit, Kristoffer and Shaw, Richard}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {165 -- 187}, abstract = {Searching for the centre of power in the German political system can be a cumbersome endeavour due to the strong separation of powers rooted in German history. Considering both formal and informal institutions, this chapter analyses the current state of the core executive in Germany at the end of the 'era Merkel'. It outlines the German institutional setting with the role of the chancellor and the chancellery, defines main characteristics of politico-administrative relations and mechanisms of government coordination and discusses changes in the distribution of power related to recent developments of crisis management, Europeanisation and summitry, and personalisation and mediatisation. The analysis shows that the steering capacity of the German core executive is institutionally limited due to the strong coordination requirements stemming from administrative federalism, coalition governments and the strong departmental principle. Accordingly, the German core executive is no strong centre of power despite the international developments that have contributed to centralisation in many countries. The German core executive remains remarkably stable in formal terms and in international comparison despite some short-term power shifts in reaction to a changing environment.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BrindeHustedtHoulbergSalomonsen, author = {Brinde, Erik and Hustedt, Thurid and Houlberg Salomonsen, Heidi}, title = {The Swedish Executive: Centralising from Afar}, series = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, booktitle = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, editor = {Kolltveit, Kristoffer and Shaw, Richard}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_9}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {211 -- 233}, abstract = {With its constitutional separation of power between the executive and administration, over the years Sweden has frequently been held up as a shining example of modern state governance. However, recent decades of internationalising politics, EU membership and growing public-sector complexities have placed greater demands on the Swedish executive. In recent years, the established governance system has changed in several respects. First, the previously highly decentralised system has become more centralised and central-local relations remain tense. Second, at the central level, the government has sought to increase control through politicisation. Third, Swedish pandemic policy highlighted the promises and pitfalls of 'Swedish dualism'. And fourth, government communication has become ever more mediatised. In consequence, the chapter concludes that what from the outside looks like an exemplar of meritocratic democracy is rather a tactically flexible realpolitik built on interpretive ambiguities in the constitution—providing the Swedish executive with much-needed responsiveness in times of significant change, but also the veil for greater centralisation and control from afar.}, language = {en} } @article{BarberaGohdesIakhnisetal., author = {Barber{\´a}, Pablo and Gohdes, Anita R. and Iakhnis, Evgeniia and Zeitzoff, Thomas}, title = {Distract and divert: How world leaders use social media during contentious politics}, series = {The International Journal of Press/Politics}, journal = {The International Journal of Press/Politics}, doi = {10.1177/19401612221102030}, abstract = {How do leaders communicate during domestic crises? We provide the first global analysis of world leader communication on social media during social unrest. We develop a theory of leaders' digital communication strategies, building on the diversionary theory of foreign policy, as well as research on the role of democratic institutions in explaining elite responsiveness. To test our theory, we construct a new dataset that characterizes leader communication through social media posts published by any head of state or government on Twitter or Facebook, employing a combination of automated translation and supervised machine learning methods. Our findings show that leaders increase their social media activity and shift the topic from domestic to foreign policy issues during moments of social unrest, which is consistent with a conscious strategy to divert public attention when their position could be at risk. These effects are larger in democracies and in particular in the run-up to elections, which we attribute to incentives created by democratic institutions. Our results demonstrate how social media provide meaningful comparative insight into leaders' political behavior in the digital age.}, language = {en} } @article{HenryGohdesDorff, author = {Henry, Colin and Gohdes, Anita R. and Dorff, Cassy}, title = {Digital Footprints and Data Security Risks for Political Scientists}, series = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, volume = {55}, journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1017/S1049096522000543}, pages = {804 -- 808}, abstract = {As greater shares of research and data are digitized, political scientists are increasingly confronted with questions pertaining to data security. Yet, data-management plans rarely evaluate the risks pertaining to a researcher's data across all project phases. This article highlights distinct risks related to key phases of the research process that deserve more attention by scholars. We emphasize risks during a project's inception and pre-data-collection phases, as well as risks associated with data publication and its afterlife. We discuss how shifts in political context and (re)newed politicization of topics can present new security risks for both the researcher and the researched communities long after a project has been completed. We provide a framework for recognizing and mitigating data risks, thereby contributing to the growing interest in data-security best practices.}, language = {en} } @article{StoetzerMunzertLoweetal., author = {Stoetzer, Lukas F. and Munzert, Simon and Lowe, Will and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Gohdes, Anita R. and Helbling, Marc and Maxwell, Rahsaan and Traunm{\"u}ller, Richard}, title = {Affective partisan polarization and moral dilemmas during the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {Political Science Research and Methods}, journal = {Political Science Research and Methods}, doi = {10.1017/psrm.2022.13}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {Recent scholarship on affective polarization documents partisan animosity in people's everyday lives. But does partisan dislike go so far as to deny fundamental rights? We study this question through a moral dilemma that gained notoriety during the COVID-19 pandemic: triage decisions on the allocation of intensive medical care. Using a conjoint experiment in five countries we analyze the influence of patients' partisanship next to commonly discussed factors determining access to intensive medical care. We find that while participants' choices are consistent with a utilitarian heuristic, revealed partisanship influences decisions across most countries. Supporters of left or right political camps are more likely to withhold support from partisan opponents. Our findings offer comparative evidence on affective polarization in non-political contexts.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldSprengholzSchieckoff, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Sprengholz, Maximilian and Schieckoff, Bentley}, title = {Frauen. Arbeit mit Hindernissen}, series = {Atlas der Migration: Neue Daten und Fakten {\"u}ber Menschen in Bewegung}, booktitle = {Atlas der Migration: Neue Daten und Fakten {\"u}ber Menschen in Bewegung}, editor = {Bussemer, Johanna and Albrecht, Franziska and Riethm{\"u}ller, Dorit and Jakob, Christian}, publisher = {Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {42 -- 43}, language = {de} } @incollection{MouzourakisCostello, author = {Mouzourakis, Minos and Costello, Cathryn}, title = {Effective judicial protection of migrants and refugees? The role of Europes supranational courts in protecting and generating rights}, series = {Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law}, editor = {Tsourdi, Evangelia and De Bruycker, Philippe}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, isbn = {9781786439628}, doi = {10.4337/9781786439635.00010}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {79 -- 97}, abstract = {This chapter examines the caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on access to protection, the Dublin system and presumptions of 'safety', and detention, in order to provide critical insights into the concept of effective judicial protection in Europe since the so-called 'refugee crisis' of 2015. The two courts have not provided effective protection in a transformative sense, in that they have not adopted progressive rulings to overcome the crisis-inducing elements of European asylum and migration law. Instead, they have deferred to governmental accounts of 'crisis' and accepted dubious factual and legal arguments. Against this backdrop, we note that the need for effective judicial protection in even a minimal sense, to hold the line on the most basic of rights in this field - protection against refoulement and arbitrary detention - is more acute than ever, and may also be in decline.}, language = {en} } @techreport{ToomereKamalanathanFreudenthaletal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Toomere, Taavi and Kamalanathan, Sujani and Freudenthal, Margus and Valdma, Sandhra-Mirella and McBride, Keegan}, title = {Digital Government Interoperability Platform Reference Architecture}, series = {Cybernetica research report D-2-384}, journal = {Cybernetica research report D-2-384}, publisher = {Cybernetica AS}, address = {Tallinn, Estonia}, pages = {30}, abstract = {Interoperability is a core component for any successful governmental digitalization initiative. Though there are numerous ways to build and enable this interoperability, it is possible to identify commonly occurring building blocks. This short report identifies these building blocks, maps them to relevant and common policy goals, and presents a reference architecture model for a digital government interoperability platform. To identify the relevant components of this architecture, desk research was conducted to identify common policy goals associated with interoperability, a workshop was conducted and a comprehensive systematic and comparative study was conducted that analyzed digital government interoperability platforms in twenty countries. The results of this report represent one of the most comprehensive studies to date on digital government interoperability and should, therefore, be of high interest for governmental practitioners, industry, and academics involved with interoperability studies and initiatives.}, language = {en} } @article{MiasayedavaMcBrideTuhtan, author = {Miasayedava, Lizaveta and McBride, Keegan and Tuhtan, Jeffrey Andrew}, title = {Automated environmental compliance monitoring of rivers with IoT and open government data}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, volume = {303}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, number = {114283}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114283}, abstract = {Environmental monitoring of rivers is a cornerstone of the European Union's Water Framework Directive. It requires the estimation and reporting of environmental flows in rivers whose characteristics vary widely across the EU member states. This variability has resulted in a fragmentation of estimation and reporting methods for environmental flows and is exhibited by the myriad of regulatory guidelines and estimation procedures. To standardise and systematically evaluate environmental flows at the pan-European scale, we propose to formalise the estimation procedures through automation by reusing existing river monitoring resources. In this work, we explore how sensor-generated hydrological open government data can be repurposed to automate the estimation and monitoring of river environmental flows. In contrast to existing environmental flows estimation methods, we propose a scalable IoT-based architecture and implement its cloud-layer web service. The major contribution of this work is the demonstration of an automated environmental flows system based on open river monitoring data routinely collected by national authorities. Moreover, the proposed system adds value to existing environmental monitoring data, reduces development and operational costs, facilitates streamlining of environmental compliance and allows for any authority with similar data to reuse or scale it with new data and methods. We critically discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with open government data, including its quality. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed system using the Estonian national river monitoring network and define further research directions.}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuintarelliMisuracaDeBiaseetal., author = {Quintarelli, Stefano and Misuraca, Gianluca and De Biase, Luca and McBride, Keegan}, title = {The Information Society and the Future of Digital Well-being}, series = {Global Happiness and Well-being Policy Report 2022}, booktitle = {Global Happiness and Well-being Policy Report 2022}, publisher = {Sustainable Development Solutions Network}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-7348080-3-2}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {115 -- 133}, language = {en} } @incollection{McBrideMisnikovDraheim, author = {McBride, Keegan and Misnikov, Yuri and Draheim, Dirk}, title = {Discussing the foundations for interpretivist digital government research}, series = {Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Concepts, Approaches and Challenges}, booktitle = {Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Concepts, Approaches and Challenges}, editor = {Charalabidis, Yannis and Flak, Leif Skiftenes and Viale Pereira, Gabriela}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-92945-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_6}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {121 -- 147}, abstract = {As the research domain of digital government continues to develop as an important body of scholarly research, it is important to understand the core theoretical and philosophical basis of the discipline. Yet, in the domain of digital government, such an understanding does not exist. Therefore, there is currently a need for critical discussion about the concrete role of research philosophy in digital government research. This paper makes a first step in driving such a discussion by presenting arguments and discussion on the relevance of an interpretivist research philosophy for the domain of digital government. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of an interpretivist ontology and epistemology for digital government, discusses relevant theories and methods, and concludes with an overview of what is essential for conducting and carrying out interpretivist digital government research. This paper's contributions represent one of the first concentrated efforts to lay out initial foundations for the role of interpretivism, and research philosophy more generally, for digital government research.}, language = {en} } @article{BaergHallerberg, author = {Baerg, Nicole and Hallerberg, Mark}, title = {Council Checks of the Commission under the European Semester: Does Member State Power and Euroscepticism Still Matter?}, series = {Journal of Common Market Studies}, volume = {60}, journal = {Journal of Common Market Studies}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1111/jcms.13268}, pages = {58 -- 80}, abstract = {The European Commission recommends evaluations of the economic plans of member states. The Council then provides final text. Previous research suggests that the Council selectively edits the Commission's recommendations. Both large member states and those with eurosceptic populations are likely to have the Council weaken what the Commission writes about them. We examine the determinants of the Council's editing of these texts after the introduction of the European Semester in the period 2011-18. We also account for different varieties of euroscepticism as the literature has become more differentiated. Using metrics of textual changes based on automated and hand-coding, we find little evidence of a systematic relationship between euroscepticism and textual editing. We do, however, find evidence that member state's voting power and euro status matters. Our findings suggest that eurosceptic no longer affects textual editing of such documents under the European Semester.}, language = {en} } @article{SgarlatoZiel, author = {Sgarlato, Raffaele and Ziel, Florian}, title = {The Role of Weather Predictions in Electricity Price Forecasting Beyond the Day-Ahead Horizon}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems}, doi = {10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3180119}, abstract = {Forecasts of meteorology-driven factors, such as intermittent renewable generation, are commonly included in electricity price forecasting models. We show that meteorological forecasts can be used directly to improve price forecasts multiple days in advance. We introduce an autoregressive multivariate linear model with exogenous variables and LASSO for variable selection and regularization. We used variants of this model to forecast German wholesale prices up to ten days in advance and evaluate the benefit of adding meteorological forecasts, namely wind speed and direction, solar irradiation, cloud cover, and temperature forecasts of selected locations across Europe. The resulting regression coefficients are analyzed with regard to their spatial as well as temporal distribution and are put in context with underlying power market fundamentals. Wind speed in northern Germany emerges as a particularly strong explanatory variable. The benefit of adding meteorological forecasts strongest when autoregressive effects are weak, yet the accuracy of the meteorological forecasts is sufficient for the model to identify patterns. Forecasts produced 2-4 days in advance exhibit an improvement in RMSE by 10-20\%. Furthermore, the forecasting horizon is shown to impact the choice of the regularization penalty that tends to increase at longer forecasting horizons.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EickeEickeHafner, author = {Eicke, Anselm and Eicke, Laima and Hafner, Manfred}, title = {Wind Power Generation}, series = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, booktitle = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, editor = {Hafner, Manfred and Luciani, Giacomo}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_10}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {171 -- 182}, abstract = {Wind power plays a major role in the decarbonization of the power sector. Already now, it supplies increasing shares of the global energy demand. This book chapter provides an overview on the economics of wind energy and highlight global trends in the wind sector. It describes the technical characteristics of onshore and offshore wind energy and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of the respective technologies. The authors describe how wind power, as an intermittent source of energy, can be integrated into power systems. They also discuss how renewable energy support schemes contribute in fostering the deployment of wind power.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EickeEickeHafner, author = {Eicke, Laima and Eicke, Anselm and Hafner, Manfred}, title = {Solar Power Generation}, series = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, booktitle = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, editor = {Hafner, Manfred and Luciani, Giacomo}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_9}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {157 -- 169}, abstract = {Solar energy supplies increasing shares of global energy demand. As a renewable source of energy, it will play a major role in decarbonizing electricity supply. This chapter provides an overview on the solar sector from an economic perspective. It describes the technical characteristics of photovoltaic and concentrated solar power and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of solar energy. The authors highlight trends in the solar sector and elaborate on how this intermittent source of energy can be integrated into a power system. They conclude with a discussion on how renewable energy support schemes can be designed to foster the deployment of solar power by accounting for the specific characteristics of solar power.}, language = {en} } @article{Khanna, author = {Khanna, Tarun}, title = {Using agricultural demand for reducing costs of renewable energy integration in India}, series = {Energy}, volume = {254}, journal = {Energy}, number = {Part C}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2022.124385}, abstract = {While demand response is recognized as a useful tool for integrating renewable electricity, the related literature in developing countries has been limited. Meanwhile, the literature on demand side management (DSM) has ignored the value of agricultural demand as a demand side resource for integration of renewable energy. This article fills the gap by collecting agricultural load data from two distribution utilities in the Indian state of Gujarat and using it in a mixed-integer linear programming model to estimate the flexibility provided by agricultural DSM to the power system. Using a flexible load representation, the model chooses the optimal periods for agricultural supply subject to the constraints of meeting the irrigation needs of farmers and the marginal cost of electricity. This analysis shows that management of agricultural demand already reduces system costs by 4\% or USD 6.09 per MWh of agricultural consumption. Going forward, with high shares of solar generation, shifting agricultural demand to daytime hours increases system flexibility. It reduces renewables curtailment by 4-7\%, limits cycling costs of coal power plants, and reduces system integration costs by 22\%. Agricultural DSM could be a cost-effective flexibility option in developing countries where only the least-cost options are economically viable.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MenaCavotta, author = {Mena, S{\´e}bastien and Cavotta, Valeria}, title = {Towards a Relational Understanding of the Impact of Organisational Pro-Social Activities}, series = {The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility}, booktitle = {The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility}, editor = {Kudłak, Robert and Barkemeyer, Ralf and Preuss, Lutz and Heikkinen, Anna}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781003182276}, doi = {10.4324/9781003182276}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @article{OkanBollwegBaueretal., author = {Okan, Orkan and Bollweg, Torsten Michael and Bauer, Ullrich and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Schaeffer, Doris}, title = {Coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz zu drei Messzeitpunkten}, series = {Public Health Forum}, volume = {30}, journal = {Public Health Forum}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1515/pubhef-2022-0031}, pages = {131 -- 134}, abstract = {Die coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz der Bev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland lag im Jahr 2020 zwischen 34,8\% und 50,1\%, wobei sie sich im Jahresverlauf signifikant verbessert hatte. Einem großen Teil der Bev{\"o}lkerung f{\"a}llt es nicht immer leicht, mit Gesundheitsinformationen zu Covid-19 umzugehen, so wie es die hier beschriebene HLS-Covid-19 Studie zur coronaspezifischen Gesundheitskompetenz aufzeigt. Die gr{\"o}ßte Herausforderung stellt das Beurteilen von Informationen dar. Die Ergebnisse deuten zudem auf einen sozialen Gradienten f{\"u}r niedrige coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz hin.}, language = {de} } @article{RavensSiebererErhartDevineetal., author = {Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Erhart, Michael and Devine, Janine and Gilbert, Martha and Reiss, Franziska and Barkmann, Claus and Siegel, Nico A. and Simon, Anja M. and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Schlack, Robert and H{\"o}lling, Heike and Wieler, Lothar H. and Kaman, Anne}, title = {Child and Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the Three-Wave Longitudinal COPSY Study}, series = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, volume = {71}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.022}, pages = {570 -- 578}, abstract = {Purpose The German population-based longitudinal COVID-19 and Psychological Health study monitors changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies vulnerable groups. Methods A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May 2020 to June 2020 (Wave 1), December 2020 to January 2021 (Wave 2), and September 2021 to October 2021 (Wave 3). In total, n = 2,097 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years were investigated using measures to assess HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms(PHQ-2), and psychosomatic complaints(HBSC-SCL). Results The prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15\% prepandemic to 40\% and 48\% in Waves 1 and 2 and improved slightly to 35\% in Wave 3 (all differences significant). Similarly, overall mental health problems increased from 18\% prepandemic to 29\% in Wave 1 and 31\% in Wave 2 to 28\% in Wave 3 (all differences significant, except Wave 3 vs. 2), anxiety increased from 15\% prepandemic to 24\% and 30\% in Waves 1 and 2 and was still 27\% in Wave 3. Depressive symptoms increased from 10\% prepandemic to 11\% and 15\% in Waves 1 and 2 and were 11\% in Wave 3. A group with low parental education, restricted living conditions, migration background, and parental mental health problems was at significantly increased risk of HRQoL and mental health impairments. Discussion The prevalence of low HRQoL, mental health problems, and anxiety has been elevated throughout the pandemic. Thus, mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention strategies need to be implemented to support adolescents-particularly those at risk.}, language = {en} } @article{BauerDierksHurrelmannetal., author = {Bauer, Ullrich and Dierks, Marie-Luise and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Kickbusch, Ilona and Melin, Susanne and Orkan, Okan and Pelikan, J{\"u}rgen and Schaeffer, Doris and Schmidt-Kaehler, Sebastian and S{\o}rensen, Kristine}, title = {Deutschland braucht mehr Gesundheitskompetenz}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {84}, doi = {10.1055/a-1801-6880}, pages = {415 -- 418}, language = {de} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Transparency and corruption: Measuring real transparency by a new index}, series = {Regulation \& Governance}, journal = {Regulation \& Governance}, doi = {10.1111/rego.12502}, abstract = {Despite the salience of transparency in policy and democracy debates a global measurement of transparency has always been missing. In its absence, measuring the impact of transparency on accountability and corruption for a large number of countries has been difficult, with scholars using more or less adequate proxies. This paper introduces a new measurement of real transparency—the T-index—using 14 de facto components, based on direct observations of official websites in 129 countries and five de jure components, based on the transparency laws and conventions adopted. The resulting index is a measurement with very good internal and external validity and moderate precision. The paper argues that de facto transparency must be considered alongside de jure (legal) transparency if we are to judge the impact (or lack of) transparency against accountability and corruption, as a large implementation gap exists, in particular in poor countries, between legal commitments and real transparency. The T-index has significant impact on both perception and objective indicators of corruption, including perceived change in corruption over time as measured by the Global Corruption Barometer. An analysis of outliers shows that high transparency alone is not sufficient to achieve control of corruption, especially in countries with low human development and poor rule of law, although transparency is a robust predictor of corruption with GDP controls. The data with all sources is available for download as T-index 2022 dataset: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7225627 and an interactive webpage developed for updates is available at www.corruptionrisk.org/transparency.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MungiuPippidi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Counting the Dead Transparently}, publisher = {European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building (ERCAS)}, abstract = {The new transparency index (T-index) shows that the official pandemic fatality figure is deeply flawed in many countries, starting with Russia.}, language = {en} } @article{HurrelmannKlingerSchaeffer, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Klinger, Julia and Schaeffer, Doris}, title = {Gesundheitskompetenz der Bev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland im Zeitvergleich der Jahre 2014 und 2020}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, doi = {10.1055/a-1709-1011}, abstract = {Ziel In dem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse von zwei Erhebungen der Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) der Bev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland im Zeitvergleich analysiert. Die erste Erhebung erfolgte 2014, die zweite 2020. Untersucht werden die Ver{\"a}nderungen der GK, gemessen {\"u}ber den Grad der subjektiv eingesch{\"a}tzten Schwierigkeiten bei einzelnen Informationsaufgaben in den drei Bereichen Krankheitsbew{\"a}ltigung/Versorgung, Pr{\"a}vention, Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung, in der Gesamtbev{\"o}lkerung und in einzelnen Teilgruppen. Methodik Die Analysen basieren auf bev{\"o}lkerungsrepr{\"a}sentativen Querschnittsdaten, die 2014 im HLS-GER 1 und 2020 im HLS-GER 1' erhoben wurden. Dabei kam das international abgestimmte Instrument HLS-EU-Q47 zur Messung der GK zum Einsatz. Ver{\"a}nderungen in den Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen wurden in einer Trendanalyse sowohl uni- und bivariat als auch multivariat analysiert. Ergebnisse Die GK der Bev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland hat sich im Zeitvergleich innerhalb von sechs Jahren statistisch signifikant verschlechtert. Dies l{\"a}sst sich in allen drei untersuchten Handlungsbereichen beobachten. Der Effekt zeigt sich besonders bei Menschen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus und finanzieller Deprivation. Schlussfolgerung Im Zeitverlauf ist der Umgang mit gesundheits- und krankheitsbezogenen Informationen schwieriger geworden. Diese Entwicklung ist besonders stark bei sozio{\"o}konomisch benachteiligten Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen zu beobachten, was die soziale Ungleichheit im Gesundheitsbereich verst{\"a}rkt. Die F{\"o}rderung der GK ist - wie diese und andere Studien zeigen - gesellschaftlich wichtiger denn je und sollte den genannten Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen besondere Beachtung schenken.}, language = {de} } @article{vandenBrink, author = {van den Brink, Martijn}, title = {Revising Citizenship within the European Union: Is a Genuine Link Requirement the Way Forward?}, series = {German Law Journal}, volume = {23}, journal = {German Law Journal}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/glj.2022.4}, pages = {79 -- 96}, abstract = {EU institutions have argued on several occasions that national and EU citizenship should not be awarded without any genuine link with the Member State concerned. Some scholars have adopted the same position, justifying their position referring to the genuine link requirement established by the International Court of Justice in Nottebohm. This has prompted criticism from legal scholars, who point out that Nottebohm was wrong as a matter of international law and moral principle. This paper shows that supporters and critics have failed to recognise that they have been talking with different conceptions of the genuine link requirement in mind. The question of whether to apply a genuine link requirement for the recognition of nationality is altogether different from the question of whether to apply a genuine link requirement for the acquisition of nationality. Nottebohm concerns the first; the arguments of EU institutions the second. The argument of EU institutions cannot therefore be dismissed by dismissing Nottebohm. I subsequently explore the normative arguments for predicating the boundaries of national membership on a genuine link requirement. There are weighty moral reasons for member states to condition the acquisition of national and EU citizenship on the presence of a genuine link. Finally, moving from the normative to the practical, I argue that such a requirement would have far-reaching consequences (targeting not just investor citizenship schemes) and cannot be enforced as a requirement under EU law.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nguyen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nguyen, Thu}, title = {European Political Community: From family photo to 'strategic intimacy'}, abstract = {On 6 October 2022, the inaugural meeting of the new 'European Political Community' (EPC) took place in Prague. Moving from a vague idea, suggested in May by French President Macron, into a real-time meeting with more than 40 European leaders in just a matter of months was a success exceeding early expectations for the EPC. But this very success means that the EPC has been inaugurated before it acquired a clear purpose, agenda or framework. This policy brief traces the evolution of the EPC and illustrates possible models for its future shape to ensure that the EPC will be able to achieve more than just bringing together leaders for yet another photo-op.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Cova, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Cova, Joshua}, title = {The EU directive on fair and adequate minimum wages: Low-pay work, collective bargaining and the prospects for income growth}, abstract = {The EU directive on adequate minimum wages marks an important change from previous policies in the field of labour relations. It introduces two novelties. First, by laying the foundations for a common governance of minimum wage-setting mechanisms, the directive could lead to a rise in minimum wages. Second, it lays out guidelines intended to strengthen the role of social actors in wage bargaining. In doing so, the directive differs from previous approaches advocated by the Commission on the need for member states to boost income growth. While post-Euro crisis recommendations were mostly centered on reducing labour costs, this directive reflects a greater concern in policymaking circles for the social role which income growth can play.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Jaeger, type = {Working Paper}, author = {J{\"a}ger, Philipp}, title = {Transport Troubles: Why the EU must do more to be competitive with green hydrogen}, abstract = {Renewable hydrogen is often depicted as the silver bullet for EU industry: manufacturers could use hydrogen to decarbonise production and rid themselves of their natural gas dependence. Since Europe cannot generate enough cheap hydrogen itself, the EU plans to import large volumes from world regions that have better wind and solar potential. However, transporting hydrogen over large distances will always be very expensive. Current EU policies do not factor this in sufficiently. Using a new interactive model of hydrogen transport costs, this policy brief discusses the various transport options and outlines EU policies to keep costs low. Hydrogen's high transport costs also imply that some industries won't be competitive in the EU in the long run, which should inform the design of public support packages for businesses in the current crisis.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nguyen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nguyen, Thu}, title = {The Hungary Files: Untangling the political and economic knots}, abstract = {The battle over the rule of law in Hungary is coming to a head. Two separate but related rule of law procedures are currently on the Council's agenda, with 7.5 billion Euros in cohesion funds and 5.8 billion Euros in grants from the EU recovery instrument on the line for Hungary. Both procedures are currently stuck in a political limbo as member states, faced once again with Hungarian vetoes, cannot agree on a common course of action. In this policy brief, Thu Nguyen untangles the two files and argues that the EU is in a strong negotiating position: The Hungarian government can, in the current economic climate, very ill-afford to lose the funds.}, language = {en} } @techreport{NguyenvandenBrink, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nguyen, Thu and van den Brink, Martijn}, title = {An early Christmas Gift from Karlsruhe? The Bundesverfassungsgericht's NextGenerationEU Ruling}, abstract = {The 6 December ruling of the German Constitutional Court on the constitutional complaints against the EU's recovery instrument NextGenerationEU seemed to come as an early Christmas gift from Karlsruhe. This time, the German court avoided the head-on collision with the EU. At the same time, the ruling raises crucial questions about the future of EU fiscal integration. While it is not as constraining as some might have feared, it does not give card blanche for a more permanent EU fiscal capacity. In this policy brief, Thu Nguyen and Martijn van den Brink analyse the judgment and its possible implications going forward.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Future of the Liberal Order and the Great Questions of Our Time}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 18}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Conclusion: The Future of the Liberal Order}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {265 -- 278}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierFilip, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {How to Square the Circle Between Economic Globalization, Social Cohesion, and Liberal Democracy?}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {21 -- 44}, language = {en} } @misc{GigerenzerHurrelmannJonitzetal., author = {Gigerenzer, Gerd and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Jonitz, G{\"u}nther and Schaeffer, Doris}, title = {Deutschland braucht eine Agentur f{\"u}r Gesundheitskommunikation}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {84}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1055/a-1710-6540}, pages = {13 -- 15}, abstract = {Die vierte Corona-Welle hat Deutschland wie ein Tsunami erfasst, in der Bev{\"o}lkerung wachsen Angst und Ratlosigkeit. Der Bedarf an vertrauensw{\"u}rdiger und gut gesicherter Information {\"u}ber die aktuellen Gesundheitsrisiken ist groß, der Wunsch nach praktischen Empfehlungen f{\"u}r das eigene Verhalten hoch. Seit Beginn der Pandemie aber es gibt keine landesweit abgestimmte, fachlich fundierte und sorgf{\"a}ltig choreografierte Informationsstrategie von Bund und L{\"a}ndern.}, language = {de} } @article{MungiuPippidiToth, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Toth, Bence}, title = {Inside the Europeanization black box: the evolution of corruption risk in Albania's public procurement}, series = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies}, doi = {10.1080/14782804.2022.2106955}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {The Western Balkans EU candidate countries face rule of law challenges far more serious than Hungary or Poland did at the time of their accessions in 2004. Despite extensive EU conditionality and support, with 16\% of EU pre-structural funds dedicated between 2014 and 2020 to rule of law projects, governance indicators show no substantial change. The European Court of Auditors (ECA) also found little impact in advancing the rule of law in the candidate countries in the Western Balkans. The European Commission, however, does report signs of progress. By drawing on public procurement data from the two sectors concentrating most public expenditure, namely health and construction, between the years 2017 and 2019, this paper solves the dilemma of how allegedly successful reforms can happen without much impact. By directly measuring government favouritism in procurement, before and after EU-driven reforms, the paper finds that evolution has so far been limited despite proving the effect of certain interventions. The paradox is explained by providing evidence of versatile behaviour by the main rent owners and the increasing discretionary power of Albania's governing party.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MungiuPippidi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Challenges and innovations to the rule of law measurement}, series = {LIEPP Working Paper}, volume = {137}, journal = {LIEPP Working Paper}, pages = {2 -- 26}, abstract = {While the process of digitalization offers new opportunities, politics gets in the way of the already notoriously difficult to measure rule of law. This paper briefly presents the challenges to rule of law measurement and argues that sound measurement is possible only if the measure is narrowed down, or its components are separately examined. It then offers two innovations of such separate measurements on transparency and national integrity at national level developed by the European Research Center for Anticorruption and State-building (ERCAS) in Berlin. Finally, the paper argues that the governance context greatly impacts the quality of data used in public policy evaluation and should be used as controls. For instance, higher transparency predicts higher COVID 19 fatality rates at national level with all relevant controls, while higher corruption predicts more excess deaths, using the new indicators. This shows that the data on COVID 19 fatalities outside the democratic developed countries is likely to be seriously flawed and that it is worth investing in facts and not perceptions when measuring governance. The working paper pleads for the use of directly observable digital tools to move to a generation of more transparent and specific governance indicators, able to provide the evidence needed in public policy evaluation.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MungiuPippidi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Five Lessons on International Rule of Law Support}, series = {Carnegie Europe}, journal = {Carnegie Europe}, abstract = {The promotion of the rule of law across borders should be implemented based on clear and objective standards, and distinguished from state-building exercises.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MungiuPippidi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {The Post-Truth about Corruption in the European Union}, series = {Verfassungsblog}, journal = {Verfassungsblog}, doi = {10.17176/20221220-121732-0}, language = {en} } @article{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Wissenschaftskommunikation neu denken}, series = {Forschung \& Lehre}, journal = {Forschung \& Lehre}, number = {4/22}, issn = {0945-5604}, pages = {257 -- 257}, abstract = {In der Corona-Krise wurde die Rolle wissenschaftlicher Expertise f{\"u}r politische Entscheidungen vor unser aller Augen neu ausgehandelt.}, language = {de} } @book{Woźniakowski, author = {Wo{\'{z}}niakowski, Tomasz P.}, title = {Fiscal unions : economic integration in Europe and the United States}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192858436, 0192858432}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {192}, language = {en} } @article{Frank, author = {Frank, Emily}, title = {Determinants of welfare benefit use of immigrant groups - longitudinal evidence from Germany}, series = {Frontiers in Sociology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Sociology}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.839352}, abstract = {While recent literature in Germany has compared predictors of welfare use between EU and non-EU immigrants, refugees have yet to be added to the analysis. Using survey data of approximately 4,000 immigrants living in Germany, I examine the determinants of basic unemployment benefits receipt for intra-EU immigrants, refugees, and third country immigrants. In particular, I investigate how education affects the likelihood of welfare use for each immigrant group. Even after controlling for human capital factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and factors related to migration such as legal status and age at migration, refugees remain significantly more likely to receive benefits. Results demonstrate that higher education significantly decreases the likelihood of welfare receipt for EU and third country immigrants, but much less so for refugees. These findings may indicate that refugees' education is not being used to its full potential in the labor market or that they face additional challenges hindering their labor market integration. A further and unanticipated finding is that immigrants who hold permanent residency or German citizenship are less likely to receive unemployment benefits, pointing either to positive effects of a secure residency or selection into permanent residency and citizenship among those with the greatest labor market success. Overall, this research shows that challenges beyond human capital deficiencies and sociodemographic characteristics must be considered when studying immigrants' receipt of social benefits, that not all educational credentials are valued equally, and that the experiences of refugees differ in significant ways from those of other immigrant groups.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BellatoCoragliaGuerraetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bellato, Federica and Coraglia, Benedetta and Guerra, Carolina and Semenzato, Allegra}, title = {"This time I've voted", but am I represented? Addressing the underrepresentation of young Europeans through the adoption of youth quotas}, abstract = {"Young people are at the heart of our policymaking and political priorities. We vow to listen to them, and we want to work together to shape the future of the European Union", stated European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during the celebrations of the 2022 European Year of Youth. Nevertheless, young generations today are underrepresented in European institutions and their interests risk being sidelined. For this reason, we advocate the introduction of youth quotas in the European Parliament. These should take the form of legislated candidate quotas. Our aim is to increase the number of young adults elected to match more closely the share of under-35 in Europe. Only in this way can we ensure that the distinct concerns of younger generations are being adequately heard and discussed in the decision-making arena.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Rasche, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Rasche, Lucas}, title = {The instrumentalisation of migration - how should the EU respond?}, abstract = {The instrumentalisation of migration is back on the EU's agenda. One year after Belarus instigated a migration crisis at its border with the EU, concerns emerge that Russia could instrumentalise a second exodus of Ukrainians to undermine the EU's support to Kyiv. Member states' recent failure to agree on the proposal for an Instrumentalisation Regulation should be an opportunity to revise the EU's approach. In fact, the proposed Regulation would have done more harm than good. Two things need to happen for the EU to develop an effective response to the instrumentalisation of migration. First, the proposed Regulation should be amended to avoid the EU stepping into a "hypocrisy trap" by third countries seeking to expose the EU's alleged double standards on fundamental rights. Second, the EU needs a revised migration diplomacy that addresses the structural factors facilitating the instrumentalisation of migration by third countries.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Mack, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mack, Sebastian}, title = {The EU must not procrastinate on urgent audit market reforms}, abstract = {After the Wirecard accounting scandal, the EU Commission promised to reform the rules for auditors. Now it must finally present them: The problems are clear and there are plenty of proposed solutions.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Jaeger, type = {Working Paper}, author = {J{\"a}ger, Philipp}, title = {Ditching losers: Why the EU should end support for unviable hydrogen applications}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Green hydrogen has become a cornerstone of the EU's industrial policy and decarbonisation plans. The EU plans to spend billions in hydrogen subsidies and provide extensive legislative support. However, its current approach risks throwing good money after bad. Producing renewable hydrogen requires a lot of energy, which means hydrogen will always remain comparatively scarce and expensive. Consequently, many hydrogen applications do not make sense at scale, neither economically nor for the climate. Yet, the EU supports all hydrogen applications without sufficiently factoring in their prospects. This policy brief argues that the EU needs to start ditching losers. Hydrogen applications that are unlikely to be viable should not get public money. To enable the EU to filter out losers, the Commission needs to take a stronger guiding role and bolster its administrative capacities.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EdmondsonFlachslandausdemMooreetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Edmondson, Duncan and Flachsland, Christian and aus dem Moore, Nils and Koch, Nicolas and Koller, Florian and Gruhl, Henri and Brehm, Johannes and Levi, Sebastian}, title = {Bewertung klimapolitischer Instrumentenmix-Pfade - Eine Anwendung auf leichte Nutzfahrzeuge in Deutschland}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {156}, language = {de} } @techreport{Wriedt, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Wriedt, Vera}, title = {Expanding Exceptions? AA and others v North Macedonia, Systematic Pushbacks and the Fiction of Legal Pathways}, series = {Strasbourg Observers}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, abstract = {The closure of the Greek-Macedonian border on 8 March 2016 entailed systematic pushbacks. The largest operation occurred on 14-15 March 2016, when more than 1500 refugees were summarily returned from North Macedonia to Greece. The complaint of AA and others v North Macedonia addressed this large-scale pushback operation. However, instead of condemning these pushbacks, the European Court of Human Rights expanded the exception from the prohibition of collective expulsions created in the case of ND and NT v Spain and found the applicants culpable of circumventing legal pathways, ignoring that these were clearly not available in practice. Thereby, the Court reproduces exclusionary reasoning that has shaped the European Convention on Human Rights since its inception.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SorgWucherpfennig, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Sorg, Alexander and Wucherpfennig, Julian}, title = {Before deploying more U.S. forces to Europe, consider the consequences}, series = {War on the Rocks}, journal = {War on the Rocks}, language = {en} } @techreport{Koranyi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Koranyi, Kinga}, title = {Orb{\´a}n's racist rhetoric: a desperate domestic power grab}, series = {The Loop}, journal = {The Loop}, publisher = {European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)}, language = {en} } @techreport{TrinkleGartenPetryetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Trinkle, Alice and Garten, Felix and Petry, Johannes and Yang, Bo and Zhang, Yating}, title = {How to successfully carry out research on China in challenging times - a perspective from junior scholars}, publisher = {Cluster of Excellence 2055 "Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)"}, address = {Berlin}, abstract = {Researchers specialising on China face severe challenges in carrying out original research. Five junior scholars wonder if the good times for research on China belong to the past. Foreign researchers have not been able to enter China for research purposes since the outbreak of the pandemic. This is especially limiting for those at a PhD or postdoc level whose projects have tight timeframes. In addition, research on China has to contend with an increasingly difficult political environment sensitive to work on politically-charged topics. Regardless of these challenges, Alice Trinkle, Felix Garten, Johannes Petry, Bo Yang and Yating Zhang believe that China research and expertise is needed now more than ever, especially from a new cohort of younger scholars. Drawing on their own experience, they highlight approaches that enable innovative research and methods of collecting primary data.}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeferWeinhardt, author = {Sch{\"o}fer, Till and Weinhardt, Clara}, title = {Developing-country status at the WTO: the divergent strategies of Brazil, India and China}, series = {International Affairs}, volume = {98}, journal = {International Affairs}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1093/ia/iiac227}, pages = {1937 -- 1957}, abstract = {The global power shift towards Brazil, India, China and other non-western powers has led to pressures to adjust international institutions to new economic realities. Most power shift theories assume that established powers defend their institutional privileges, while emerging powers challenge them. Conversely, in this article we reverse this assumption by shedding light on 'privileges' of the weak: many international institutions have established special rights for disadvantaged regime members. We ask what strategies emerging powers adopt as they come under pressure to give up these rights commonly reserved for regime members with developing country status. We present a novel conceptualization of four ideal-typical strategies that combine elements of resistance and accommodation. Empirically, we examine the strategies that Brazil, India and China (BICs) have adopted in the World Trade Organization. We find that no uniform approach exists across the BICs: while India fiercely resists giving up its status as a developing country and the flexibilities it comes with, Brazil adopts a pragmatic approach that largely accommodates established powers' demands to give up special rights reserved for developing countries. China pursues a mixed strategy of selective accommodation and resistance. These findings contribute to recent debates on global power shifts by illustrating how material incentives and status considerations shape the adaptation of international institutions as privileges for the weak are re-negotiated.}, language = {en} } @article{Abels, author = {Abels, Christoph M.}, title = {Everybody lies: Misinformation and Its Implications for the 4th Space}, series = {Proceedings}, volume = {81}, journal = {Proceedings}, number = {1}, doi = {10.3390/proceedings2022081120}, abstract = {Combining earlier spatial typologies of places and communities with computer-mediated communication technologies, Hardegger developed the idea of the 4th space. Given that misinformation has become a crucial problem in many online environments over the course of the last few years, this article attempts to assess the implications of this development for the 4th space. This article begins with an analysis of people's tendency to lie in different environments. Afterwards, properties of the 4th space are assessed that create opportunities for misinformation-based communities to emerge. Finally, open questions in relation to misinformation and the 4th space that deserve further attention are addressed.}, language = {en} } @article{AbelsHardegger, author = {Abels, Christoph M. and Hardegger, Daniel}, title = {Privacy and transparency in the 4th space: Implications for conspirary theories}, series = {Filozofia i Nauka}, volume = {10}, journal = {Filozofia i Nauka}, doi = {10.37240/FiN.2022.10.zs.8}, pages = {187 -- 212}, abstract = {This article investigates the role of privacy and transparency in the 4th Space and outlines their implications for the development and dissemination of conspiracy theories. We argue that privacy can be exploited by individuals and organizations to spread conspiracy theories online, while organizational transparency, intended to increase accountability and ultimately trust, can have the adverse effect and nurture conspiracy beliefs. Through the lens of the 4th Space concept, we offer suggestions on how to approach those challenges which emerge as a result of the complex entanglements of both actual and virtual world across time.}, language = {en} } @article{Stoll, author = {Stoll, Julius}, title = {The cost of honesty: Field evidence}, series = {Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics}, volume = {101}, journal = {Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics}, doi = {10.1016/j.socec.2022.101943}, abstract = {This paper studies honesty in the face of changing cost. Using field data from a snack delivery company that employs an honesty payment system, the paper presents an event-study to analyze how price increases affect pay rates. The honesty payment system expects customers to pay a listed price for each consumed snack. This allows to measure honesty with the pay rate that compares consumption to payments. The results, which draw on deliveries from several thousand firms, show that price increases that make honest behavior more costly cause more cheating. Price increases of 15\% trigger a fall in pay rates of 11\%.}, language = {en} } @techreport{GaoWoo, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Gao, Lin and Woo, Eva}, title = {Food System Innovation in China}, series = {Stanford Social Innovation Review}, journal = {Stanford Social Innovation Review}, doi = {10.48558/ND15-F122}, abstract = {Food consumption is deeply shaped by the cultural and socio-economic conditions in which it is embedded. How can civil society put food system transformation on the agenda in developing countries that only recently eliminated or are still fighting widespread hunger?}, language = {en} } @misc{Cingolani, author = {Cingolani, Luciana}, title = {Diversity in the public administration: a Multidimensional Index of Bureaucratic Underrepresentation}, doi = {10.7910/DVN/IEPHLG}, abstract = {This dataset presents a novel an index for measuring diversity in the public administration in 37 European countries between 2008 and 2018, accounting for gender, age, nationality, ethnicity and disability. (2022-08-24)}, language = {en} } @book{Obendiek, author = {Obendiek, Anke}, title = {Data Governance: Value Orders and Jurisdictional Conflicts}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780192870193}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {304}, language = {en} } @incollection{BuenderRathertMair, author = {B{\"u}nder, Tobias and Rathert, Nikolas and Mair, Johanna}, title = {Understanding firm- and field-level change toward sustainable development: insights from the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines, 1960‒2020}, series = {Handbook on the Business of Sustainability}, booktitle = {Handbook on the Business of Sustainability}, editor = {George, Gerard and Haas, Martine and Joshi, Havovi and McGahan, Anita and Tracey, Paul}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {9781839105333}, doi = {10.4337/9781839105340.00025}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {300 -- 319}, abstract = {Insufficient access to medicines is a persistent global problem that affects billions of people in low- and middle-income countries. In this chapter, we use access to medicines as a case to understand how business can become instrumental in making progress on persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. We examine the emergence and evolution of access to medicines as a mandate for the pharmaceutical industry to contribute to sustainable development. More specifically, we trace the historical developments of corporate social initiatives in the industry and revisit existing research on access to medicines in management and related fields. We then introduce three distinct analytical perspectives - field emergence and change, firm heterogeneity, organizational processes - to examine access to medicine, expose managerial challenges and offer a research agenda that helps to advance research on access to medicines and, more generally, on corporate efforts to address pressing global problems subsumed under the Sustainable Development Goals.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Finnerty, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Finnerty, Joseph}, title = {Juszczyszyn v. Poland: Article 18 ECHR's conservative contribution to the Polish rule of law crisis}, series = {Strasbourg Observer}, journal = {Strasbourg Observer}, language = {en} } @incollection{Abels, author = {Abels, Christoph M.}, title = {Am dunkelsten ist die Nacht vor der Dämmerung: Globale Anstrengungen im Kampf gegen Klimawandel und Terrorismus}, series = {Polis180: Europa- und Aussenpolitik 2030: Sechs Szenarien}, booktitle = {Polis180: Europa- und Aussenpolitik 2030: Sechs Szenarien}, publisher = {Polis180 e.V.}, address = {Berlin}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {25 -- 29}, abstract = {Das vorliegende Szenario kombiniert zwei f{\"u}r die Sicherheitspolitik relevante Dimensionen: Der Kampf gegen Klimawandel und Terrorismus. Aufbauend auf den j{\"u}ngsten Ereignissen in S{\"u}deuropa und Afghanistan entwerfen wir ein Szenario, in dem dramatische Geschehnisse erfolgreichen Bem{\"u}hungen vorweggehen - erst der Schock weiterer Niederlagen an beiden Fronten (z.B. die Folgen eines verheerenden Waldbrandes rund um Athen) f{\"u}hrt dazu, dass die internationale Gemeinschaft zu Handeln beginnt und letztlich ambitionierte Maßnahmen ergreift, um beiden Bedrohungen erfolgreich zu begegnen. Die entscheidenden Meilensteine dieses Szenarios werden dabei in Schlagzeilen und kurzen Nachrichten dargestellt. Zum Abschluss werden zwei Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert: Eine F{\"o}rderung von Solarstrom-Pilotprojekten in Nordafrika und der Sahelzone sowie eine Evaluation bestehender Anti-Terror-Strategien vor dem Hintergrund holistischer Pr{\"a}ventionskonzepte.}, language = {de} } @techreport{MastroroccoOrnaghi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mastrorocco, Nicola and Ornaghi, Arianna}, title = {DP17756 Who Watches the Watchmen? Local News and Police Behavior in the United States}, publisher = {CEPR Press}, abstract = {Do U.S. municipal police departments respond to news coverage of local crime? We address this question exploiting an exogenous shock to local crime reporting induced by acquisitions of local TV stations by a large broadcast group, Sinclair. Using a unique dataset of 8.5 million news stories and a triple differences design, we document that Sinclair ownership decreases news coverage of local crime. This matters for policing: municipalities that experience the change in news coverage have lower violent crime clearance rates relative to municipalities that do not. The result is consistent with a decrease of crime salience in the public opinion.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KajtarCalıMilanovic, author = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, title = {Introduction: Secondary Rules of Primary Importance}, series = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, booktitle = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, editor = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780192869012}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Proving Bad Faith in International Law: Lessons from the Article 18 Case law of the European Court of Human Rights}, series = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, booktitle = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, editor = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780192869012}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @article{MartillSus, author = {Martill, Benjamin and Sus, Monika}, title = {With or Without EU: Differentiated Integration and the Politics of Post-Brexit EU-UK Security Collaboration}, series = {European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration}, volume = {7}, journal = {European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration}, number = {3}, doi = {10.15166/2499-8249/611}, pages = {1287 -- 1302}, abstract = {Research on differentiated integration has flourished in recent years, highlighting the political and efficiency gains to be had from selective participation and third country engagement in EU policy areas. Proposals for an EU-UK security and defence agreement represented a paradigmatic example of differentiated disintegration, for which both strategic and political prospects initially appeared positive, yet which ultimately foundered on the back of the EU's reluctance to create new third country models and subsequent political upheaval in the UK. This Article asks why these proposals failed and what this can tell us about the politics of differentiated (dis)integration, focusing on the referendum to the recent Ukraine crisis, and drawing on several elite interviews conducted with policymakers in London and Brussels. It shows that while the strategic benefits of differentiation increased following the Brexit vote, the growing concern in Brussels for the precedent set by Brexit, the collapse of issue-specific dynamics into a singular concern for UK "cherry picking", and the rightward shift in UK politics occasioned by the Brexit negotiations all undermined the prospects for a differentiated outcome in security and defence. The Ukraine crisis, while precipitating significant changes in many European states, had thus far failed to alter the new status quo locked in after Brexit.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MartillSus, author = {Martill, Benjamin and Sus, Monika}, title = {Growing Apart Together? Brexit and the Dynamics of Differentiated Disintegration in Security and Defense}, series = {The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union}, booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union}, editor = {Leruth, Benjamin and G{\"a}nzle, Stefan and Trondal, Jarle}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780429054136}, doi = {10.4324/9780429054136-47}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {696 -- 711}, abstract = {Brexit initially raised the prospect of new forms of external differentiation in the European Union (EU), should the United Kingdom continue to participate in a number of the Union's policy areas. Security and defence was one area where agreement on the terms of UK participation was more likely, given the clear interests of both sides in the development of a close partnership in this area. But agreement has been so difficult to reach, and the final Brexit deal makes no mention of collaboration in foreign, security and defence policy. We argue that the key to understanding this puzzle lies in understanding the politics of differentiated disintegration, of which Brexit is the prime example, and the distinction between strategic and political interests. While strategic interests constitute a driver for external differentiation, the political interests arising from the withdrawal process make it difficult to reach an agreement. Divorcing strategic cooperation from the short-term politics of negotiations is the first step to overcoming the stalemate, and this chapter presents several ways this can be achieved. By perceiving Brexit as a case of differentiated disintegration, this chapter accounts for the significant constraints associated with external differentiation as a mode of integration in the EU.}, language = {en} } @article{CareyGonzalezGlaessel, author = {Carey, Sabine C. and Gonz{\´a}lez, Bel{\´e}n and Gl{\"a}ßel, Christian}, title = {Divergent Perceptions of Peace in Post-Conflict Societies: Insights from Sri Lanka}, series = {Journal of Conflict Resolution}, volume = {66}, journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1177/00220027221104719}, pages = {1589 -- 1618}, abstract = {Research on postwar peace focuses primarily on how elites and institutions can prevent relapse into civil war. In line with this special issue's focus on citizens' experiences, we take a micro-level approach to explore peace beyond the absence of war. We investigate how members of opposing sides experience peace a decade after a decisive victory of the majority. Using original survey data from a representative sample of 2000 respondents in 2018 Sri Lanka, we find that even one decade after the conflict members of the Sinhalese winning majority are consistently more likely to report improvements in peace than Tamils, who were represented by the defeated minority. But the benefit of a "victor's peace" does not seem to translate into an optimistic outlook of the victorious group, nor does it increase people's endorsement for repressive state measures. Despite the drastically improved physical security for the defeated ethnic minority since the war, they experience a deterioration in other dimensions of peace. Our findings have important implications for a deeper understanding of variations in peace and reconciliation processes.}, language = {en} } @article{DeJuanGlaesselHaassetal., author = {De Juan, Alexander and Gl{\"a}ßel, Christian and Haass, Felix and Scharpf, Adam}, title = {The Political Effects of Witnessing State Atrocities: Evidence from the Nazi Death Marches}, series = {Comparative Political Studies}, journal = {Comparative Political Studies}, doi = {10.1177/00104140231178736}, abstract = {How does witnessing regime atrocities influence the political attitudes of bystanders? We argue that observing regime violence against innocent civilians triggers psychological dissonance between beliefs about the regime and the witnessed moral transgression. As a result, regime support should decrease among bystanders of state atrocities. We analyze original, highly disaggregated archival data from the Nazi death marches at the end of World War II, which confronted ordinary German citizens with the regime's crimes. We find that locations with higher victim numbers had lower vote shares for right-wing nationalist parties after the war. Supporting our proposed mechanism, we show that (1) this effect was strongest when Nazi crimes were at the center of public discourse and (2) that witnessing Nazi atrocities was associated with individuals' rejection of Hitler 20 years later. The findings have implications for understanding democratization prospects and people's nostalgia for fallen autocrats.}, language = {en} } @article{ScharpfGlaessel, author = {Scharpf, Adam and Gl{\"a}ßel, Christian}, title = {Career Pressures and Organizational Evil: A Novel Perspective on the Study of Organized Violence}, series = {International Studies Review}, volume = {24}, journal = {International Studies Review}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1093/isr/viac009}, abstract = {Dictators, rebel commanders, and mafia bosses frequently delegate gruesome and immoral tasks to their subordinates. However, most individuals want to avoid such work. This analytical essay proposes an institutional logic to understand how dictatorships, insurgent organizations, and criminal gangs get their evil work done nonetheless. We argue that common features of organizations produce mundane career pressures that incentivize subordinates to zealously execute reprehensible tasks. Subordinates may come under pressure for six distinct reasons: incompetence, misconduct, origin, isolation, organizational backlog, and shrinkage. Superiors, in turn, can exploit that pressured subordinates hope to improve their prospects for advancement by loyally executing the organization's evil tasks. Empirically, we illustrate how Nazi Germany utilized each of the suggested career pressures to staff the units in charge of the Holocaust. We highlight that our logic might also apply to less extreme forms of organizational evil. Together, the essay offers a novel perspective to demystify radical behavior in state and non-state organizations with important implications for our understanding of transnational terrorist violence and underworld crimes.}, language = {en} } @article{Bunde, author = {Bunde, Tobias}, title = {Lessons (to be) learned? Germany's Zeitenwende and European security after the Russian invasion of Ukraine}, series = {Contemporary Security Policy}, volume = {43}, journal = {Contemporary Security Policy}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1080/13523260.2022.2092820}, pages = {516 -- 530}, abstract = {In Germany, the Russian war on Ukraine is widely perceived as a "Zeitenwende," a watershed moment undermining key foreign policy beliefs. Despite mounting evidence contradicting them, German elites previously failed to adapt core beliefs regarding Russia and the use of force because these beliefs were not only deeply embedded in largely uncontested identity constructions but also shaped the definition of economic interests, which in turn made ideational adaptation more costly. Moreover, Germany's extraordinarily beneficial geopolitical situation in the post-Cold War era meant that the country could afford not to learn. Although the "Zeitenwende" will trigger significant change, it is unclear which lessons exactly Germans will now be learning and how far that adaptation will go. Given Germany's key position in Europe and its previous role in shaping the European and transatlantic policy toward Russia, the results of these learning processes will significantly shape the emerging European security order.}, language = {en} } @article{Baranaowska, author = {Baranaowska, Grażyna}, title = {Pushbacks in Poland: Grounding the Practice in Domestic Law in 2021}, series = {Polish Yearbook of International Law}, volume = {41}, journal = {Polish Yearbook of International Law}, doi = {10.24425/PYIL.2022.142346}, pages = {193 -- 211}, abstract = {In the summer of 2021 deliberate actions by the Belarusian state authorities led to a huge increase of people irregularly crossing the border from Belarus to Poland. Instead of addressing this humanitarian crisis, the Polish government responded with actions that were in violation of its international obligations and domestic law. Among these measures was carrying out "pushbacks" and grounding them in Polish domestic law. "Pushbacks" are the practice of returning people to the border without assessing their individual situation. The formalization of those practices in 2021 was done within two legal frameworks; one interim and one permanent. They continue to function in parallel while containing different provisions. This article assesses the two frameworks' compatibility with domestic and international law and concludes that they both violate domestic and international rules. In the context of EU law, the article demonstrates the incompatibility of the two frameworks with the so-called Asylum Procedures Directive and Return Directive. The article urther argues that the pushbacks violate the European Convention of Human Rights and would not fall within the exceptions to the prohibition of collective expulsions.}, language = {en} } @article{Sus, author = {Sus, Monika}, title = {How does delegation structure shape agent discretion in EU foreign policy? Evidence from the Normandy Format and the Contact Group on Libya}, series = {Contemporary Security Policy}, volume = {44}, journal = {Contemporary Security Policy}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1080/13523260.2022.2148942}, pages = {67 -- 96}, abstract = {Informal groupings have proliferated in EU foreign policy over the past decade, despite the enhanced role of the High Representative tasked with ensuring the coherence of this policy domain under the Lisbon Treaty. This article analyzes how the decision of select EU member states to act on certain policy issues through informal groupings, bypassing the EU framework, affects the High Representative's room for maneuver. Drawing on the principal-agent model, the emergence of informal groupings is conceptualized as a manifestation of pathological delegation, which undermines High Representative's role. The findings reveal two factors that may nevertheless increase the agent's discretion in cases of delegation anomalies: the low heterogeneity of member state preferences toward the informal grouping and the interaction between agents in the same domain, facilitating agent's performance. By examining agent's discretion when delegation anomalies arise, the article may be useful for scholars investigating delegation and agency in international organizations.}, language = {en} } @article{AlexanderMagazinnik, author = {Alexander, Dan and Magazinnik, Asya}, title = {Income Inequality and Electoral Theories of Polarization}, series = {Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy}, number = {3-4}, doi = {10.1561/113.00000062}, pages = {317 -- 342}, abstract = {Both the academic political science literature and the popular discourse are replete with narratives seeking to explain the concurrent rise of income inequality and legislative polarization over the past half century. We focus on a prominent subset of such accounts, which posit the faithful representation of polarizing constituencies as the key causal mechanism linking the two phenomena, and which we therefore refer to as "electoral theories of polarization." We show, however, that constructing a coherent, causal electoral theory of polarization is substantially more complicated than the literature has appreciated. First, we enumerate the necessary ingredients, with special emphasis on the importance of accounting for electoral geography. Second, we develop a causal framework for assessing the effect of income on polarization via a particular electoral channel, and we propose a set of estimation strategies that researchers may tailor to their particular model of how legislative ideology and partisanship are (co)determined. Third, we apply our framework to evaluate how well a model of self-interested "pocketbook voting" can explain patterns of polarization on the economic dimension observed in the U.S. Senate from 1984 to 2018. We conclude that voters' private benefit from redistribution is unlikely to be a mechanism linking inequality to polarization.}, language = {en} } @article{AbramsonKocakMagazinnik, author = {Abramson, Scott F. and Kocak, Korhan and Magazinnik, Asya}, title = {What Do We Learn About Voter Preferences From Conjoint Experiments?}, series = {American Journal of Political Science}, volume = {66}, journal = {American Journal of Political Science}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1111/ajps.12714}, pages = {1008 -- 1020}, abstract = {Political scientists frequently interpret the results of conjoint experiments as reflective of majority preferences. In this article, we show that the target estimand of conjoint experiments, the average marginal component effect (AMCE), is not well defined in these terms. Even with individually rational experimental subjects, the AMCE can indicate the opposite of the true preference of the majority. To show this, we characterize the preference aggregation rule implied by the AMCE and demonstrate its several undesirable properties. With this result, we provide a method for placing bounds on the proportion of experimental subjects who prefer a given candidate feature. We describe conditions under which the AMCE corresponds in sign with the majority preference. Finally, we offer a structural interpretation of the AMCE and highlight that the problem we describe persists even when a model of voting is imposed.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-5491, title = {Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe}, editor = {De Abreu Duarte, Francisco and Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca}, publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing}, isbn = {9781509955985}, pages = {264}, abstract = {This book imagines how Europe might re-organise and re-group after the COVID-19 crisis by assessing its effectiveness when responding to it. For this purpose, it directs its focus on: i) sovereignty challenges; ii) technological challenges and iii) governance challenges. These three challenges do not present hermetic legal problems, they intersect and connect on many levels. The book shows this by examining the relationship between public and private power, and illustrating how the rise of technocratic authority is deeply connected to the choice of technological solutions. It illustrates how constitutional decisions taken during states of emergency give rise to private governance challenges related to cybersecurity and data protection. Experts from the fields of EU governance, data protection, and technology explore these questions to provide answers to how the EU might develop in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{Turkut, author = {Turkut, Emre}, title = {Emergency Powers, Constitutional (Self-)Restraint and Judicial Politics: the Turkish Constitutional Court During the COVID-19 Pandemic}, series = {Jus Cogens}, volume = {4}, journal = {Jus Cogens}, issn = {2524-3977}, doi = {10.1007/s42439-022-00064-7}, pages = {263 -- 284}, abstract = {This paper investigates the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC)'s treatment of legal challenges brought against Turkey's legal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a detailed examination of the TCC's institutional features, political origins and jurisprudential trajectory, and taking three politically salient judgments of the TCC concerning Turkey's executive-dominated pandemic control as the point of departure, the paper argues that the TCC chose to exercise judicial restraint both in protecting fundamental rights and reviewing pandemic policies of the executive. It also argues that the TCC's judicial restraint during the pandemic was simply the re-manifestation of its 'play-it-safe' strategy — a judicial stance the TCC willingly adopted in the aftermath of the 2016 attempted coup despite possessing strong constitutional powers of judicial review, and its established attitude of assertive scrutiny in the past. From a more theoretical perspective, the analysis also explores how the passive role to which the TCC is consigned in an increasingly authoritarian regime since the 2016 failed coup relates to the global phenomenon of judicialization of authoritarian politics.}, language = {en} } @article{WelfensBonjour, author = {Welfens, Natalie and Bonjour, Saskia}, title = {Seeking Legitimacy Through Knowledge Production: The Politics of Monitoring and Evaluation of the EU Trust Fund for Africa}, series = {JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies}, volume = {61}, journal = {JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0021-9886}, doi = {10.1111/jcms.13434}, pages = {951 -- 969}, abstract = {Monitoring and evaluation (M\&E) is a form of expert knowledge that is central to migration governance. This article analyses M\&E of the EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), created in 2015 to 'fight the root causes of migration'. Combining institutionalist accounts with practice theory, we examine whether M\&E knowledge production served the instrumental purpose of assessing policy impact or mainly legitimated particular policy actors and positions. We find that M\&E did not produce evidence on whether the EUTF met its objectives. However, in the context of the EU's multiple crises, M\&E knowledge production served to seek legitimacy not only for the EUTF, but also for the further fusion of development and migration policies, and for the EU as a competent and transparent actor. Our analysis highlights that knowledge use and knowledge production are connected, and that M\&E knowledge politics allow for the legitimation of both actors and policies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{PalmiottoEttorre, author = {Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca}, title = {Tracing Transparency: Public Governance of Algorithms and the Experience of Contact Tracing Apps}, series = {Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe}, booktitle = {Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe}, editor = {De Abreu Duarte, Francisco and Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca}, publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing}, isbn = {9781509955985}, doi = {10.5040/9781509956012.ch-005}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {77 -- 102}, language = {en} } @incollection{Turkut, author = {Turkut, Emre}, title = {The Turkish Post-Coup Emergency and European Responses: Shortcomings in the European System Revisited}, series = {European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022}, booktitle = {European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022}, editor = {Czech, Philip and Heschl, Lisa and Lukas, Karin and Nowak, Manfred and Oberleitner, Gerd}, publisher = {Intersentia}, isbn = {9781839703447}, doi = {10.1017/9781839703447.016}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {445 -- 482}, abstract = {This contribution takes Turkey's use of the derogation mechanism in the aftermath of the failed military coup of 15 July 2016 as a springboard to critically address the operation and the fallacies of the contemporary European derogation regime. The assessment will reveal whether the European system of human rights protection has succeeded in adopting an adequate and viable approach that can counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. The contribution concludes by providing a road map proposal for adequate oversight marked by rigorous scrutiny of derogation claims that can be described as a 'consultation and cooperation process'. This process would place the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in a more active and operationally focused position to influence state decisions, to counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and to formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZieglerVolou, author = {Ziegler, Katja S. and Volou, Aristi}, title = {Human rights and general principles: beyond the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights}, series = {Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law}, editor = {Ziegler, Katja S. and Neuvonen, P{\"a}ivi J. and Moreno-Lax, Violeta}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781784712389}, doi = {10.4337/9781784712389.00027}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {327 -- 349}, abstract = {This chapter discusses the dialectic relationship of general principles and the evolution of human rights in the EU legal order. Human (or fundamental) rights are of specific signifcance for general principles as an area of reference in a number of ways: in regard to the methodology of defining and identifying general principles; their link to constitutional values of the EU, the relationship between different sources of human rights in the EU; the relationship between unwritten general principles and a codified source; the specific, active and multidimensional dynamics of general principles in the context of fundamental rights; the relationship of general principles in the area of fundamental rights with their codification in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights; and their possible continued relevance for courts in adjudicating human rights in the UK in post-Brexit.}, language = {en} } @misc{Gohdes, author = {Gohdes, Anita R.}, title = {The Rise of Digital Repression: How Technology Is Reshaping Power, Politics, and Resistance. By Steven Feldstein. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. 336p. \$29.95 cloth.}, series = {Perspectives on Politics}, volume = {20}, journal = {Perspectives on Politics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, issn = {1537-5927}, doi = {10.1017/S1537592722000330}, pages = {773 -- 775}, language = {en} } @article{DasandiCaiFribergetal., author = {Dasandi, Niheer and Cai, Wenjia and Friberg, Peter and Jankin, Slava and Kuylenstierna, Johan and Nilsson, Maria}, title = {The inclusion of health in major global reports on climate change and biodiversity}, series = {BMJ Global Health}, volume = {7}, journal = {BMJ Global Health}, number = {6}, publisher = {BMJ}, issn = {2059-7908}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008731}, abstract = {This article argues that human health has become a key consideration in recent global reports on climate change and biodiversity produced by various international organisations; however, greater attention must be given to the unequal health impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss around the world and the different health adaptation measures that are urgently required.}, language = {en} } @article{LimadeMirandaSnower, author = {Lima de Miranda, Katharina and Snower, Dennis J.}, title = {The societal responses to COVID-19: Evidence from the G7 countries}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {119}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {25}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2117155119}, abstract = {This paper provides a picture of how societies in the G7 countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our point of departure is to examine the effects of the pandemic in terms of four fundamental normative sources for well-being: Solidarity (S; willingness for social cooperation), Agency (A; empowerment to shape one's prospects through one's own efforts), GDP (G), and Environmental Performance (E)—SAGE for short. The normative foundations of SAGE are communitarianism, classical liberalism, materialistic utilitarianism, and ecoethics. We find that although G and E responded predictably and uniformly to the pandemic (such as G declining and carbon emissions improving), the societal responses were strikingly different. Societies that are cohesive and empowered (high S and A) may be expected to cope with the pandemic better than those that are fragmented and disempowered (low S and A). Furthermore, the pandemic has had diverse effects on S and A; while some societies became cohering and empowering (rising S and A), others became fragmenting and disempowering (falling S and A), and yet others became fragmenting and empowering. We also show that most G7 countries experienced greater tribalization (measured as the difference between inward S and outward S) during the pandemic. These trends are a matter of concern since they suggest that the willingness and perceived ability to address collective challenges collectively have waned. The analysis also suggests that governments' social policies may have an important role to play alongside economic and health policies in coping with the pandemic.}, language = {en} } @article{WeeksJankinMikhaylovHerzogetal., author = {Weeks, Liam and Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava and Herzog, Alex and {\´O} Fathartaigh, M{\´i}che{\´a}l and Bechara, Hannah}, title = {It's Only Words? Analysing the Roots of the Irish Party System Using Historical Parliamentary Debates}, series = {Parliamentary Affairs}, journal = {Parliamentary Affairs}, issn = {0031-2290}, doi = {10.1093/pa/gsac020}, abstract = {While the public image of legislative debates is often less than favourable, parliamentary deliberations can be an important indicator of policy preferences, issue saliency and cohesion within political parties. We consider the case of a parliamentary debate that had a considerable long-term political legacy, forging a party system that endured for almost a century. The debates in the Irish parliament over the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty were a critical juncture that split a dominant party, resulting in, first, a civil war and, later, a new mode of party competition. We analyse the text of the debates from this period to see if they contribute to a greater understanding of the ensuing split. Few differences between the two sides in parliament are found, which might explain why few were the differences between the key actors in the party system that evolved.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerHansenLeeCallaghanetal., author = {M{\"u}ller-Hansen, Finn and Lee, Yuan Ting and Callaghan, Max and Jankin, Slava and Minx, Jan C.}, title = {The German coal debate on Twitter: Reactions to a corporate policy process}, series = {Energy Policy}, volume = {169}, journal = {Energy Policy}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {0301-4215}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113178}, abstract = {Phasing out coal is a prerequisite to achieving the Paris climate mitigation targets. In 2018, the German government established a multi-stakeholder commission with the mandate to negotiate a plan for the national coal phase-out, fueling a continued public debate over the future of coal. This study analyzes the German coal debate on Twitter before, during, and after the session of the so-called Coal Commission, over a period of three years. In particular, we investigate whether and how the work of the commission translated into shared perceptions and sentiments in the public debate on Twitter. We find that the sentiment of the German coal debate on Twitter becomes increasingly negative over time. In addition, the sentiment becomes more polarized over time due to an increase in the use of more negative and positive language. The analysis of retweet networks shows no increase in interactions between communities over time. These findings suggest that the Coal Commission did not further consensus in the coal debate on Twitter. While the debate on social media only represents a section of the national debate, it provides insights for policy-makers to evaluate the interaction of multi-stakeholder commissions and public debates.}, language = {en} } @article{DasandiGrahamHudsonetal., author = {Dasandi, Niheer and Graham, Hilary and Hudson, David and Jankin, Slava and vanHeerde-Hudson, Jennifer and Watts, Nick}, title = {Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies}, series = {Communications Earth \& Environment}, volume = {3}, journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2662-4435}, doi = {10.1038/s43247-022-00571-x}, abstract = {Public support for climate policies is important for their efficacy, yet little is known about how different framings of climate change affect public support for climate policies around the world. Here we report findings from a conjoint experiment of 7,500 adults in five countries - China, Germany, India, UK, and USA - to identify climate messages that elicit greater support for policies to tackle climate change. Messages were randomly varied on four attributes: positive (opportunity) or negative (threat) framings, theme (health, environment, economy, migration), scale (individual, community, national, global), and time (current, 2030, 2050). We find that a positive frame, health and environmental frames, and global and immediate frames bolster public support. We examine differences between countries, and across groups within countries - particularly focusing on the effect of these frames among individuals that are unconcerned about climate change. Among this group, positive and health frames increase the likelihood of support for climate policies, indicating the relevance of these frames for shifting policy preferences for different audience groups.}, language = {en} } @article{vanDaalenRomanelloRockloevetal., author = {van Daalen, Kim R and Romanello, Marina and Rockl{\"o}v, Joacim and Semenza, Jan C and Tonne, Cathryn and Markandya, Anil and Dasandi, Niheer and Jankin, Slava and Achebak, Hicham and Ballester, Joan and Bechara, Hannah and Callaghan, Max W and Chambers, Jonathan and Dasgupta, Shouro and Drummond, Paul and Farooq, Zia and Gasparyan, Olga and Gonzalez-Reviriego, Nube and Hamilton, Ian and H{\"a}nninen, Risto and Kazmierczak, Aleksandra and Kendrovski, Vladimir and Kennard, Harry and Kiesewetter, Gregor and Lloyd, Simon J and Lotto Batista, Martin and Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime and Mil{\`a}, Carles and Minx, Jan C and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark and Palamarchuk, Julia and Quijal-Zamorano, Marcos and Robinson, Elizabeth J Z and Scamman, Daniel and Schmoll, Oliver and Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo and Sj{\"o}din, Henrik and Sofiev, Mikhail and Solaraju-Murali, Balakrishnan and Springmann, Marco and Tri{\~n}anes, Joaquin and Anto, Josep M and Nilsson, Maria and Lowe, Rachel}, title = {The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future}, series = {The Lancet Public Health}, volume = {7}, journal = {The Lancet Public Health}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {2468-2667}, doi = {10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00197-9}, pages = {E942 -- E965}, language = {en} } @article{Joerges, author = {Joerges, Christian}, title = {Why European legal scholarship should become aware of Karl Polanyi: The Great Transformation and the integration project}, series = {European Law Open}, volume = {1}, journal = {European Law Open}, number = {4}, issn = {2752-6135}, doi = {10.1017/elo.2022.55}, pages = {1067 -- 1079}, abstract = {As the Second World War was drawing to a close in 1944, two great works of political economy were published. One of them was Friedrich August von Hayek's The Road to Serfdom, inspiring the defenders of free market movements ever since and up to the present. The other was Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation. This essay will focus on Polanyi but also pay tribute to Hayek. Contrasting the two helps to understand both of them better. Of the two, Hayek, the Nobel prize winner, is of course more widely known and by far more influential. But Polanyi's work, too, has achieved and has been attracting as of recently such attention that one of the Directors of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne proclaimed that 'we are all Polanyian now', not only in economic sociology, but also in related disciplines, including, of course, political economy and political theory. A plethora of aspects of The Great Transformation are very widely discussed. This essay will be concerned with the not-so-well explored importance of Polanyi's work for European Law and legal scholarship in general, including his theorems on the 'embedded economy', his conceptualisation of labour as a 'fictitious commodity' as well as the notion of counter-movements. It will then juxtapose Polanyi's expectation of a new international order with the development of the European integration project and sketch out the contours of the democracy-enhancing conflicts law and its affinities with Polanyian core normative principles.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Henke, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Henke, Marina}, title = {The "dos and don'ts" of strategy making}, publisher = {NATO Defense College}, address = {Rome}, issn = {2617-6009}, pages = {4}, language = {en} } @techreport{GilliGilliGrgićetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Gilli, Andrea and Gilli, Mauro and Grgić, Gorana and Henke, Marina and Lanoszka, Alexander and Meijer, Hugo and Scaglioli, Lucrezia and Silove, Nina and Sim{\´o}n, Luis and Smeets, Max}, title = {Strategic Shifts and NATO's new Strategic Concept}, number = {NDC Research Paper No.24}, publisher = {NATO Defense College}, address = {Rome}, issn = {2618-0057}, pages = {xvi, 55}, language = {en} } @techreport{FichtnerBittnerBayreutheretal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Fichtner, Sarah and Bittner, Martin and Bayreuther, Tamara and K{\"u}hn, Vanessa and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Dohmen, Dieter}, title = {„Schule zukunftsf{\"a}hig machen": Cornelsen Schulleitungsstudie 2022}, publisher = {FiBS Forschungsinstitut f{\"u}r Bildungs- und Sozial{\"o}konomie}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1610-3548}, pages = {96}, language = {de} } @article{AmbergausdemMooreBekketal., author = {Amberg, Maximilian and aus dem Moore, Nils and Bekk, Anke and Bergmann, Tobias and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Flachsland, Christian and George, Jan and Haywood, Luke and Heinemann, Maik and Held, Anne and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Kellner, Maximilian and Koch, Nicolas and Luderer, Gunnar and Meyer, Henrika and Nikodinoska, Dragana and Pahle, Michael and Roolfs, Christina and Schill, Wolf-Peter}, title = {Reformoptionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Steuer- und Abgabensystem. Wie Lenkungssteuern effektiv und gerecht f{\"u}r den Klima- und Umweltschutz ausgestaltet werden k{\"o}nnen}, series = {Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik}, volume = {23}, journal = {Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1515/pwp-2021-0051}, pages = {165 -- 199}, abstract = {Steuern und Abgaben auf Produkte oder Verbrauch mit gesellschaftlichen Folgekosten (externe Kosten) - sogenannte Pigou- oder Lenkungssteuern - sind ein gesellschaftliches „Win-Win-Instrument". Sie verbessern die Wohlfahrt und sch{\"u}tzen gleichzeitig die Umwelt und das Klima. Dies wird erreicht, indem umweltsch{\"a}digende Aktivit{\"a}ten einen Preis bekommen, der m{\"o}glichst exakt der H{\"o}he des Schadens entspricht. Eine konsequente Bepreisung der externen Kosten nach diesem Prinzip k{\"o}nnte in Deutschland erhebliche zus{\"a}tzliche Einnahmen erbringen: Basierend auf bisherigen Studien zu externen Kosten w{\"a}ren zus{\"a}tzliche Einnahmen in der Gr{\"o}ßenordnung von 348 bis 564 Milliarden Euro pro Jahr (44 bis 71 Prozent der gesamten Steuereinnahmen) m{\"o}glich. Die Autoren warnen allerdings, dass die Bezifferung der externen Kosten mit erheblichen Unsicherheiten verbunden ist. Damit Lenkungssteuern und -abgaben ihre positiven Lenkungs- und Wohlstandseffekte voll entfalten k{\"o}nnen, seien zudem institutionelle Reformen notwendig.}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldSchmaukMika, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Schmauk, Sarah and Mika, Tatjana}, title = {The gender pension gap in Germany: Is divorce a gender-equaliser?}, series = {Ageing \& Society}, journal = {Ageing \& Society}, doi = {10.1017/S0144686X21001513}, abstract = {Germany is one of the few countries in Europe that has implemented a system of 'divorce splitting'. Under this system, the pension credits that spouses have accumulated during their marriage are combined and then split equally between them upon divorce. This study examines how divorce affects public pension entitlements in Germany, and how these patterns are influenced by the system of divorce splitting. The data for our analysis comes from SHARE-RV, a direct linkage of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with administrative data of the research data centre of the German Pension Insurance Fund (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund). The data include information on the beneficiaries' monthly earnings and employment biographies, as well as on their pension entitlements and the credits they received through divorce splitting. The results of the analysis, which was restricted to West German men and women born between 1935 and 1954, reveal that there are large gender gaps in public pension benefit levels. However, the investigation also shows that single and divorced West German women have larger personal pension entitlements than their married or widowed counterparts. Furthermore, the public pension entitlements of divorced men and women in West Germany are very similar. This can be attributed partially to the divorce-splitting system, which tends to increase the pension benefits of divorced women, while reducing the pension benefits of their male counterparts.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Woll, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Woll, Cornelia}, title = {Corporate Prosecutions: American Law Enforcement in Global Markets}, edition = {LawFin Working Paper No. 31}, abstract = {Large companies are increasingly on trial. Over the last decade, many of the world's biggest firms have been embroiled in legal disputes over corruption charges, financial fraud, environmental damage, taxation issues or sanction violations, ending in convictions or settlements of record-breaking fines, well above the billion-dollar mark. For critics of globalization, this turn towards corporate accountability is a welcome sea-change showing that multinational companies are no longer above the law. For legal experts, the trend is noteworthy because of the extraterritorial dimensions of law enforcement, as companies are increasingly held accountable for activities independent of their nationality or the place of the activities. Indeed, the global trend required understanding the evolution of corporate criminal law enforcement in the United States in particular, where authorities have skillfully expanded its effective jurisdiction beyond its territory. This paper traces the evolution of corporate prosecutions in the United States. Analyzing federal prosecution data, it then shows that foreign firms are more likely to pay a fine, which is on average 6,6 times larger.}, language = {en} } @book{HasselWegrich, author = {Hassel, Anke and Wegrich, Kai}, title = {How to do Public Policy}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780198747000}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {400}, abstract = {How to Do Public Policy offers a guide to students and practitioners on how to improve problem-solving with policies in a political world. It integrates insights from applied policy analysis and studies of the policy process to develop a framework that conceives policy-making as structured by two spheres of action - the 'engine room' of specialists and experts in government agencies, NGOs, research organizations etc., on the one hand, and the political 'superstructure' of politicians, key public stakeholders and the public, on the other hand. Understanding the different logics of the engine room and the superstructure is key for successful policy-making. The dual structure of policy-making provides a perspective on policy-analysis (interactive policy analysis) and policy-making (actor-centred policy-making) that moves from the focus on individual and specific measures, towards understanding and shaping the relation and interaction between policy interventions, the institutional context and the stakeholders involved or affected. Part I of the book presents the basic analytical concepts needed to understand the policy process and the structures and dynamics involved in it, as well as to understand how and why actors behave the way they do-and how to engage with different types of actors. Part II moves further into the nuts and bolts of policy-making, including policy design, implementation, and evaluation. Part III introduces and explores three key aspects of the capacity to make good policies: engagement with stakeholders, the process of policy coordination in a context of interdependence, and the role of institutions.}, language = {en} } @article{HasselSieker, author = {Hassel, Anke and Sieker, Felix}, title = {The platform effect: How Amazon changed work in logistics in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom}, series = {European Journal of Industrial Relations}, volume = {28}, journal = {European Journal of Industrial Relations}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1177/09596801221082456}, pages = {363 -- 382}, abstract = {While the effects of the platform economy on work are mainly studied through the lens of gig or cloud workers, many more employees are likely to be affected in non-platform firms or sectors. We discuss the mechanisms of platform economy's impact on the employment relationships and indirect effect on employment trends. Platform firms enter the service economy with business models that put existing service providers under pressure and advance a platform model of employment relationship. However, their transformative force is limited by three factors: employment regulations, access to welfare provisions and the employment relations at legacy firms. We examine the case of Amazon logistics in the US, Germany and the UK and find that the employment contract, as a legal institution, prevents the dissemination of independent contracting as the preferred employment model. Moreover, the welfare state has a paradoxical effect on platform work: universal welfare and liberal employment law facilitate the rise of precarious work.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierLangKnudsen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Lang, Markus and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Toward a New Understanding of Governance: The 2022 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {103}, abstract = {THE BERGGRUEN GOVERNANCE INDEX PROJECT (BGI) analyzes the relationship between democratic accountability, state capacity and the provision of public goods. It builds upon prior work that examined the impact of governance and democracy on the quality of life. It is a collaborative project between the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs and the Berggruen Institute.}, language = {en} }