@book{Graf2013, author = {Graf, Lukas}, title = {The Hybridization of Vocational Training and Higher Education in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland}, publisher = {Budrich UniPress Ltd.}, address = {Opladen, Berlin \& Toronto}, isbn = {978-3-86388-043-9}, doi = {10.3224/86388043}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24323}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {304}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Austria, Germany, and Switzerland are increasingly relying on hybridization at the nexus of vocational training and higher education to increase permeability and reform their highly praised systems of collective skill formation. This historical and organizational institutionalist study compares these countries to trace the evolution of their skill regimes from the 1960s to today's era of Europeanization, focusing especially on the impact of the Bologna and Copenhagen processes.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Stockmann, author = {Stockmann, Daniela}, title = {Media Influence on Ethnocentrism Towards Europeans}, series = {Chinese Views of the EU: Public Support for a Strong Relation}, booktitle = {Chinese Views of the EU: Public Support for a Strong Relation}, editor = {Dong, Lisheng and Wang, Zhengxu and Dekker, Henk}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781136753244}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {The legitimacy of international interpretive authorities for human rights treaties: an indirect-instrumentalist defence}, series = {The Legitimacy of International Human Rights Regimes: Legal, Political and Philosophical Perspectives}, booktitle = {The Legitimacy of International Human Rights Regimes: Legal, Political and Philosophical Perspectives}, editor = {F{\o}llesdal, Andreas and Schaffer, Johan Karlsson and Ulfstein, Geir}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-107-03460-0}, doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139540827.006}, pages = {141 -- 164}, language = {en} } @book{PisaniFerry, author = {Pisani-Ferry, Jean}, title = {Le R{\´e}veil des D{\´e}mons: la crise de l'euro et comment nous en sortir}, edition = {Nouvelle {\´e}d., revue et augment{\´e}e}, publisher = {Pluriel}, address = {Paris}, isbn = {978-2818503126}, pages = {249}, abstract = {On croyait les d{\´e}mons assagis : {\`a} la faveur de la crise financi{\`e}re de 2008, les Etats avaient repris le dessus sur les march{\´e}s financiers et les politiques {\´e}conomiques savaient r{\´e}pondre et conjurer la d{\´e}pression. Mais la temp{\^e}te qui a {\´e}branl{\´e} la zone euro entre 2009 et 2012, au d{\´e}part crise banale dans une petite {\´e}conomie p{\´e}riph{\´e}rique, la Gr{\`e}ce, a gagn{\´e} un pays apr{\`e}s l'autre et a menac{\´e} d'emporter tout l'{\´e}difice mon{\´e}taire europ{\´e}en. Dans ce brillant essai, Jean Pisani-Ferry retrace les {\´e}tapes de la crise et analyse les solutions adopt{\´e}es. Si l'Europe a fait preuve d'un remarquable sens de la survie, elle souffre aujourd'hui d'une dangereuse absence de communaut{\´e} de projets.}, language = {fr} } @phdthesis{Staemmler, author = {Staemmler, Johannes}, title = {Wie St{\"a}dte sich neu finden}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {195}, abstract = {In St{\"a}dten verdichten sich wie nirgendwo sonst {\"o}konomische, soziale und kulturelle Facetten menschlichen Zusammenlebens. Hier entstehen wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Impulse. 84 Prozent der deutschen Bev{\"o}lkerung lebt in St{\"a}dten. Doch sind nicht alle St{\"a}dte gleichermaßen Orte von Wachstum und Innovation. Mit dem Ende der Industrialisierung und dem {\"U}bergang in die Dienstleistungsgesellschaft (vgl. Bell 1999) sind einige St{\"a}dte aus dem gr{\"o}ßeren Arbeits-kreislauf der Gesellschaft herausgefallen. Sie haben aufgeh{\"o}rt, zentrale Orte des Wirtschaftens zu sein. Ihre Bev{\"o}lkerungen schrumpfen, Geb{\"a}ude bleiben ungenutzt und die {\"o}ffentliche Hand verf{\"u}gt nur {\"u}ber unzureichende und schwindende Mittel, dem entgegenzuwirken. Es sind strukturschwache St{\"a}dte. Kommunale Schrumpfungsprozesse sind aus dem 20. Jahrhundert kaum bekannt, obwohl zwei Kriege in Deutschland tobten und unvorstellbare Verw{\"u}stungen hinterlassen haben. (...)}, language = {de} } @article{CedermanGleditschSalehyanetal., author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Salehyan, Idean and Wucherpfennig, Julian}, title = {Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War}, series = {Inernational Organization}, volume = {67}, journal = {Inernational Organization}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000064}, pages = {389 -- 410}, abstract = {A series of studies has shown that civil wars are caused not only by factors inside countries, but also by effects operating across state borders. Whereas a first wave of quantitative studies demonstrated that such effects make the "closed-polity" assumption untenable, more recently researchers have identified particular causal mechanisms driving conflict. Despite these recent advances, a central puzzle remains unresolved, namely why ethnic groups that at least in theory could count on support from large transborder ethnic kin (TEK) groups often have remained surprisingly peaceful, such as the stranded Russian populations in the "near abroad." We propose a theoretical framework that extends the analysis from the primary dyad between the incumbent and the challenger group by adding a secondary dyad that pits the incumbent against the TEK group. We postulate a curvilinear effect of the TEK group's relative size on conflict onset. Using a new data set on transnational ethnic links, we find that that the risk of conflict increases within the middle range of the size spectrum, consistent with our main hypothesis. This means that large TEK groups have a conflict-dampening effect, provided that they control their own state. Excluded TEK groups, however, are not associated with lower conflict probabilities.}, language = {en} } @article{SeelosMair, author = {Seelos, Christian and Mair, Johanna}, title = {Innovation and Scale: A Tough Balancing Act}, series = {Stanford Social Innovation Review}, volume = {Spring 2013}, journal = {Stanford Social Innovation Review}, number = {Special Supplement: Innovation for a Complex World}, pages = {12 -- 14}, language = {en} } @article{FellnerSausgruberTraxler, author = {Fellner, Gerlinde and Sausgruber, Rupert and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Testing Enforcement Strategies in the Field: Threat, Moral Appeal and Social Information}, series = {Journal of the European Economic Association}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1111/jeea.12013|}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-19704}, pages = {634 -- 660}, abstract = {We run a large-scale natural field experiment to evaluate alternative strategies to enforce compliance with the law. The experiment varies the text of mailings sent to potential evaders of TV license fees. We find a strong effect of mailings, leading to a substantial increase in compliance. Among different mailings, a threat treatment which makes a high detection risk salient has a significant deterrent effect. Neither appealing to morals nor imparting information about others' behavior enhances compliance on aggregate. However, the information condition has a weak positive effect in municipalities where evasion is believed to be common.}, language = {en} } @article{GloecknerTowfighTraxler, author = {Gl{\"o}ckner, Andreas and Towfigh, Emanuel and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Development of legal expertise}, series = {Instructional Science}, volume = {41}, journal = {Instructional Science}, number = {6}, pages = {989 -- 1007}, abstract = {In a comprehensive empirical investigation (N = 71,405) we analyzed the development of legal expertise in a critical 1-year period of academic legal training in which advanced law students start practicing to solve complex cases. We were particularly interested in the functional form of the learning curve and inter-individual differences in learning. Performance increases monotonically with the number of practice exams following a slightly concave learning curve without any considerable kinks. Considering the performance development over time, however, the curve is not monotonic and shows intermediate drops in performance. We provide evidence which suggests that these drops are due to cyclic drops in motivation. There are about equally sized marginal effects of practicing law exams in general and practicing exams in the specific area of law. However, students with high (vs. low) initial performance profit more from practicing exams within a specific area of law whereas students with low initial performance profit more from practicing exams in general. The concave increase in performance with the number of practicing exams is mainly driven by individuals with low initial performance. Those with high initial performance mainly display a linear learning trend. We discuss the practical implications of these findings for academic legal training.}, language = {en} } @misc{MungiuPippidiBratuCharronetal., author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Bratu, Roxana and Charron, Nicholas and Dimulescu, Valentina and Doroftei, Madalina and Fazekas, Mih{\´a}ly and Kasemets, Aare and King, Lawrence Peter and Martinez Barranco Kukutschka, Roberto and Pop, Raluca and T{\´o}th, Istv{\´a}n J{\´a}nos}, title = {Controlling Corruption in Europe}, series = {The Anticorruption Report}, volume = {1}, journal = {The Anticorruption Report}, editor = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Opladen}, isbn = {978-3-8474-0125-4}, pages = {128}, abstract = {Corruption has an impact. It is about time that anticorruption starts having an impact, too. This is the first annual policy report of the European Seventh Framework Research Project ANTICORRP, which has started in 2012 and will continue until 2018. Based on the work of 21 different research centers and universities gathering original data, ANTICORRP offers yearly updates on the latest from corruption research, analyzing both the consequences of corruption and the impact of policies attempting to curb it. This first report offers a methodology to evaluate corruption risk and quality of government at country, region and sector level by means of corruption indicators that are sensitive to change and policy intervention. The aim of the project is to offer testable, easy to handle policies which reduce corruption risk. Corruption distorts market competition, bolsters deficits on behalf of discretionary spending, hurts real investment in public health and education, reduces tax collection, detriments the absorption rate of EU funds, and generates vulnerable employment and brain drain. This study estimates that if EU member states would all manage to control corruption at the Danish level, tax collection in Europe would increase by 323 billion Euro per year - double of the EU budget for 2013.}, language = {en} } @article{Hall, author = {Hall, Nina}, title = {Moving beyond its mandate? UNHCR and climate change displacement}, series = {Journal for International Organizations Studies}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal for International Organizations Studies}, number = {1}, pages = {91 -- 108}, language = {en} } @article{TobiasMairBarbosaLeiker, author = {Tobias, Jutta M. and Mair, Johanna and Barbosa-Leiker, Celestina}, title = {Toward a theory of transformative entrepreneuring: Poverty reduction and conflict resolution in Rwanda's entrepreneurial coffee sector}, series = {Journal of Business Venturing}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.03.003}, pages = {728 -- 742}, abstract = {This study illustrates how entrepreneurship may catalyze prosperity as well as peace in entrenched poverty-conflict zones. We bring to life a conceptualization of transformative entrepreneuring by assessing interrelationships between poverty and conflict indicators from the perspective of rural dwellers in Rwanda's entrepreneurial coffee sector. Our findings suggest that individuals' perceptions of poverty alleviation and conflict reduction are sequentially linked, notably via increased quality of life. This enables us to advance theory on entrepreneuring by unpacking the mechanisms through which entrepreneurial processes may transform the lives of such 'ordinary' entrepreneurs in settings where economic and social value creation are desperately needed.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EdenhoferFlachslandLorentz, author = {Edenhofer, Ottmar and Flachsland, Christian and Lorentz, Bernhard}, title = {The Atmosphere as a Global Commons}, series = {The Wealth of the Commons. A World beyond Market and State}, booktitle = {The Wealth of the Commons. A World beyond Market and State}, publisher = {Levellers Press}, language = {en} } @misc{Scheuermann, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Scheuermann, Ann-Kathrin}, title = {Barriers to Equity in Education: An Exploratory Case Study on Nepal}, publisher = {Hertie School of Governance}, address = {Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20468}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {68}, abstract = {Education is widely believed to be a key to the development of individuals and society. However, it is also clear that core global political commitments aiming at universality as included in the Millenium Development Goals and the right to education can only be achieved if policy efforts start addressing systematically disadvantaged parts of society. This is the topic of the present paper on sociodemographic barriers to equity in education in Nepal. So far, many policy efforts to enhance educational opportunities are based on a one dimensional assessments of the most disadvantage population groups. They assume, for instance, that girls are generally more disadvantaged than boys or that people living in rural areas are more disadvantaged than those living in urban areas. In her paper, Ann-Kathrin Scheuermann goes further and explore s which combinations of sociodemographic attributes impede equity in education in Nepal in terms of access to education and attainment. She is able to use unique data, the Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010/11 compiled by the World Bank and the Nepalese Central Bureau of Statistics as well as qualitative participatory assessments in the field. She finds that the most influential attributes established in the literature - wealth, geography and gender - do matter, but that culture specific group characteristics are at least as relevant. Poverty remains a major barrier to equity in education. The effect of geography is two dimensional, impeding equity in both rural and urban areas, but for different reasons. In rural areas disadvantages are related to infrastructural aspects, e.g. distance to the nearest school, whereas in urban areas income generation alternatives impede educational opportunities. Gender differences have decreased with regard to access over time, but girls remain disadvantaged when it comes to higher attainment. When looking at inequity regarding geography, gender and wealth jointly, poor boys (not girls!) in urban are among the most disadvantaged. These finding s have great policy -¬- relevance. In order to reach the most marginalized population groups policy analysis must go beyond a one dimensional analysis of attributes but look at them in combination. Moreover, socio -¬- cultural barriers related to caste, religion and disability can be highly impeding factors which need to be addressed explicitly when designing policies in Nepal. More generally, policies can be tailored more effectively by identifying the most marginalized population groups in order to improve their educational opportunities and achieve universal political commitments and true equity in education.}, language = {en} } @misc{Stamm, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Stamm, Julia}, title = {Towards New Horizons in EU Research Policy : The changing role of the Directorate - General for Research (and Innovation)}, publisher = {Hertie School of Governance}, address = {Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20478}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {39}, abstract = {My EMPM Master thesis focuses on changing governance structures in European research policy and the role the European Commission is playing in this context. In particular, it aims at investigating whether we currently witness the transition of the European Commission's Directorate - General for Research (and Innovation) into a European research ministry. In order to lay the ground for finding answers to this question, I first introduce the history of Community activities in the area of research and discuss the development of power relations between the different European players in the area. The concept of "agencification" and its consequences for the work, status and self - perception of the European Commission is looked at in particular depth. In the following analytical chapter I argue that this paradigm shift is indeed taking place and that, among others elements, the new position of research as "shared competence" after the Lisbon Treaty, the relatively recent creation of two executive research agencies and strong leadership embodied in the person of the Commissioner for Research and Innovation have contributed decisively to the development. The thesis is based on the analysis of both relevant literature and theory as well as on semi - structured interviews that I carried out with relevant stakeholders in Brussels, both from the European institutions and from concerned institutions, organizations, and associations, hence providing a sound mix of theoretical approaches and practical reflections.}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkJoasRinnertetal., author = {Birk, Florian and Joas, Amani and Rinnert, David and Schilling, John}, title = {Framing Service Quality : A Comprehensive Indicator for Measuring Service Quality in Public Administration : Case Study ofB{\"u}rger{\"a}mter in Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20506}, pages = {48}, abstract = {This paper introduces an indicator framework, which allows for a valid and reliable assessment of the service quality of customer-focused government services. While defining service quality is a difficult task, also operationalising and measuring such an elusive concept can never be done perfectly due to a number of problems. Given the 'soft' nature of service quality, most prior research has focused on survey-based methods, which while being essential have serious flaws owed to this method's inherent lack of reliability. Following suggestions by prior research in the field, this paper develops an assessment framework combining a 'soft' indicator based on a SERVQUAL survey with a set of 'hard' variables adding the reliability, which previous approaches lack. The indicator was initially developed, tested and re-adjusted for measuring service quality in Berlin's 40 B{\"u}rger{\"a}mter. However, it can be adapted in a way that it is applicable to most customer-based government services. The 'soft' part of this indicator was developed on the lines of five dimensions, scoring services according to their tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. On the 'hard' dimension, we have picked a set of eleven variables, which unequivocally add/subtract from service quality, while having the advantage of being measured in a straightforward manner. While the operationalisation and weighting of these variables is open to academic and professional debate, we are confident to have followed a transparent and clearly comprehensible process. We acknowledge, however, that these variables will have to be adjusted when other services are being measured. All in all, the developed Service Quality Indicator for Customer-Based Public Services (SQI) should be regarded as a starting point for a comprehensive and easily constructible framework to assess service quality in the good governance arena. We hope that this indicator framework will be perfected to the point that it can contribute to a better overall measurement and therefore improvement of government services.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AlmeidaAzevedoAzzaouietal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Almeida, Karin and Azevedo, Simone and Azzaoui, Nora and Bianchis, Jeymar and Boos, Inga-Lena and Carlucci, Janetta and Klein, Viviana and Kohut, Ola and Kowalski, Julia and Kuhn, Jonas and Leitsch, Christoph and Olenga-Tete, Paulina and Ross, Patrick and Tiefenbach, Catherin and Watkinson, Jay and Wodarg, Frithjof}, title = {CSR Instruments: A Systematic Overview Evaluation for the German CSR Forum and Bertelsmann Foundation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20418}, pages = {33}, abstract = {This study was conceived in the context of a project course on CSR instruments and modelled on a real case. The German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) had tendered a report that would provide an overview of the existing classification tools used to evaluate CSR performance. The report is part of the National Strategy on Corporate Social Responsibility, the CSR action plan of the German government. The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is the lead ministry responsible for implementing the National Strategy for Corporate Social Responsibility. The Action Plan for CSR was decided by the federal cabinet on October 6th, 2010. According to the Action Plan, CSR measures include a company's contributions to voluntarily participate and include social responsibility into their business plan. The inclusion of a company's key stakeholders is an integral part of CSR. The goal was not only to provide an overview of the principle and international agreements but also to classify existing instruments from different stakeholders' perspectives. For this, students analysed 58 CSR instruments for which they developed a diverse set of evaluation criteria. Moreover, they tested their assumptions about key stakeholders' interests in a small workshop interviewing representatives of trade unions, chambers of commerce, consumer groups as well NGOs. The result is a very impressive piece of work as it presents new insight in a largely under-researched field. The report was presented to the working group on evaluation of the federal CSR forum in Berlin on June 6th, 2012 where it received a lot of praise by the participants. I hope it will be used in the professional world.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlfinitoVieira, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Alfinito Vieira, Ana Carolina}, title = {Global forests, local development? An Assessment of REDD Readiness in Latin America}, publisher = {Hertie School of Governance}, address = {Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20420}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {71}, abstract = {Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is often portrayed as a policy that will mitigate climate change whilst fostering social and environmental improvements in the most isolated and under-developed regions of the world. Our work sets out to assess this cl aim by evaluating whether REDD is effectively designed as an instrument that is suitable for generating local development in forest regions. After revealing the underlying governance rationale through which REDD is expected to generate positive outcomes on the global and local levels, we develop a framework to assess whether the REDD strategies developed through the FCPF and the UN-REDD Readiness initiatives are putting in place the policy environment that is necessary for REDD to function as a development mechanism. Through the comparative analysis of six national Readiness strategies from the Latin American region, we reveal that policies designed under Readiness systematically pay more attention to the development of baseline emissions scenarios and MRV systems than to the establishment of the policy conditions that must be in place for REDD to generate local development. Our analysis suggests that a number of policy design elements might be resulting in the failure of national REDD strategies to address underlying governance problems. The phased approach to Readiness creates incentives for governments to rush through the institutional reform stages, and REDD's current design only rewards quantifiable GHG emissions reductions, providing few incentives for countries to invest in social and environmental improvements. Furthermore, the reliance on carbon market finance and the operational structure of the FCPF may also result in overinvestments in MRV systems to the detriment of more complex institutional reforms. We conclude by presenting a set of recommendations for reforming the underlying governance logic of REDD in order to enhance its potential as a local development mechanism.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kreibich, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kreibich, Lisa-Marie}, title = {Improving Inter-Agency Collaboration in International Development Analysis of conditions under which to enter into, develop and sustain successful partnerships}, publisher = {Hertie School of Governance}, address = {Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20431}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {64}, abstract = {Development aid is underperforming in terms of effectiveness due to donor diversification, proliferation and fragmentation. The re quest for more harmonized and collectively effective actions formulated in the High-Leve l Fora on aid effectiveness have gained sup- port across donor and recipient countries. However, commitment has not been successfully translated into significant changes on the ground. This gap between policy and country level practices needs to be addressed to make development assistance more effective. A first formal partnership of Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Agence Fran{\c{c}}aise de D{\´e}veloppement (AFD) and Lux-Development (LuxDev) has been established in the sector of technical vocational education and training. To assess this partnership and to identify areas for improvement, the study addresses the following research question: Under which conditions do implementing agencies in international development cooperation enter into, develop and sustain inter-organizational collaboration? The dimensions of the collaboration process are at the center of the analysis. The study develops a theoretical framework that consists of criteria to assess collaboration efforts of the agencies in four selected countries nd identifies weaknesses in the structural, the agency, and the social capital dimension. Structural aspects include common visions, shares power arrangements and commitment of the recipient country. Shared personal opinions, alignment of procedures and information exchange helps reconciling individual and collective interests. The analysis of the social capital dimension shows that mutual interaction, reciprocity and trust-building are crucial to successfully build social relationships which form the basis of any collaboration process. A set of nine recommendations are proposed to address the shortcomings in each of the three dimensions of the collaboration process to improve the partnership of the three agencies. To address the structural blocking factors, the agencies should evaluate their collaboration efforts, create a coordinating body and speak to the recipient country's government with one voice. To manage the tension between individual and collective interests, regular discussions with everyone involved and knowledge about the tools, procedures and implementing mechanisms of the collaboration partners are crucial. To better meet the criteria of the social capital dimension, the agencies should appoint boundary-spanners and create opportunities to learn about their collaboration partners' culture.}, language = {en} } @misc{Loh, author = {Loh, Yuh Yiing}, title = {The Politics of Targeting Regime Choice: Has Inflation Targeting Met its Demise?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20440}, pages = {31}, abstract = {Critics argue that inflation targeting (IT) has met its demise in face of the current financial crisis. As such , p rice - level targeting and nominal gross domestic product (GDP) targeting have been proposed as alternatives, but to date no country has made the switch - why is this so? Existing literature tends to treat the choice of targeting regime as a function of economic theory, empirical precedents, and policy execution constraints. I find this analytical framework insufficient; otherwise, we should observe at least some countries exiting IT regimes in light of the arguments made thus far. In order to explain why governments have yet to make the switch away from IT, I propose that a fourth determinant needs to be added to the framework - politics. Based on this framework, I conclude that IT has yet to meet its demise.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuellerBadoreck, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {M{\"u}ller-Badoreck, Karin}, title = {Leadership in EU civilian crisis management}, publisher = {Hertie School of Governance}, address = {Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20452}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {55}, abstract = {With the establishment of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) in 1999, the EU aimed to tackle challenges in the field of security by deploying various military, police, justice and rule of law missions in troubled crisis areas. The Lisbon Treaty put the instrument of CSDP Missions on a new height, putting it under the umbrella of the European External Action Service with the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs \& Security Policy / Vice -President of the European Commission as their highest representative. CSDP Missions - while dealing with civilian crisis management in conflict and post- conflict countries - are operating in a highly political environment with demands and direction coming from the EU Member States, the EU institution s, the Host Nations and other international actors. Common values and norms applying to CSDP Missions are underdeveloped and not well communicated. Mandates are often not clearly defined. The work force is mainly seconded by the Member States and highly di verse in respect to culture, professional background and experience and language. Women are strongly underrepresented. Even though leadership is crucial in such a challenging environment, it has never been addressed within the CSDP structures until very recently. This thesis analysis the complexities of CSDP Missions and demands put on leadership in such an environment. Furthermore, it defines best practices and closes with recommendations on how the leadership culture in CSDP Missions can be improved. Results are generated by using literature analysis, interviews with key stakeholders, online questionnaires and the authors own work experience in a CSDP Mission. For CSDP Missions to become even more successful a stronger emphasis on the development of leadership culture seems appropriate. Starting from creating a leadership development strategy, defining standard guidelines and principals for recruitment and promotion of personnel, addressing the problem of gender imbalance, importance should be also put on defining a favored leadership style and common values. Future leaders should be skilled and experienced in working in a highly politicised environment leading and empowering a multi-cultural, diverse work force. With an effective leadership culture CSDP Missions will succeed in being a strong EU actor in civilian crisis management and helping to foster security and maintain peace in the world.}, language = {en} } @incollection{JachtenfuchsKraftKasackHerschinger, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Kraft-Kasack, Christiane and Herschinger, Eva}, title = {Transgouvernementalisierung und die ausbleibende gesellschaftliche Politisierung der inneren Sicherheit}, series = {Die Politisierung der Weltpolitik}, booktitle = {Die Politisierung der Weltpolitik}, editor = {Z{\"u}rn, Michael and Ecker-Ehrhardt, Matthias}, publisher = {Suhrkamp}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {190 -- 212}, language = {de} } @article{JoergesRoedl, author = {Joerges, Christian and R{\"o}dl, Florian}, title = {{\`A} propos de l'{\´e}volution fonctionnelle du droit des conflits de lois II : une constitution l{\´e}gitime pour la constellation post-nationale}, series = {Revue Internationale de Droit {\´E}conomique}, volume = {27}, journal = {Revue Internationale de Droit {\´E}conomique}, number = {1-2}, pages = {79 -- 93}, language = {fr} } @article{Novak, author = {Novak, Stephanie}, title = {The Silence of Ministers: Consensus and Blame Avoidance in the Council of the European Union}, series = {Journal of Common Market Studies}, volume = {51}, journal = {Journal of Common Market Studies}, number = {6}, pages = {1091 -- 1107}, language = {en} } @article{RehHeritierBressanellietal., author = {Reh, Christine and H{\´e}ritier, Adrienne and Bressanelli, Edoardo and Koop, Christel}, title = {The Informal Politics of Legislation}, series = {Comparative Polical Studies}, volume = {46}, journal = {Comparative Polical Studies}, number = {9}, issn = {0010-4140}, doi = {10.1177/0010414011426415}, pages = {1112 -- 1142}, abstract = {This article investigates a widespread yet understudied trend in EU politics: the shift of legislative decision making from public inclusive to informal secluded arenas and the subsequent adoption of legislation as "early agreements." Since its introduction in 1999, "fast-track legislation" has increased dramatically, accounting for 72\% of codecision files in the Sixth European Parliament. Drawing from functionalist institutionalism, distributive bargaining theory, and sociological institutionalism, this article explains under what conditions informal decision making is likely to occur. The authors test their hypotheses on an original data set of all 797 codecision files negotiated between mid-1999 and mid-2009. Their analysis suggests that fast-track legislation is systematically related to the number of participants, legislative workload, and complexity. These findings back a functionalist argument, emphasizing the transaction costs of intraorganizational coordination and information gathering. However, redistributive and salient acts are regularly decided informally, and the Council presidency's priorities have no significant effect on fast-track legislation. Hence, the authors cannot confirm explanations based on issue properties or actors' privileged institutional positions. Finally, they find a strong effect for the time fast-track legislation has been used, suggesting socialization into interorganizational norms of cooperation.}, language = {en} } @article{BurnsRasmussenReh, author = {Burns, Charlotte and Rasmussen, Anne and Reh, Christine}, title = {Legislative codecision and its impact on the political system of the European Union}, series = {Journal of European Public Policy}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of European Public Policy}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1080/13501763.2013.795366}, pages = {941 -- 952}, abstract = {The European Union (EU) has experienced a remarkable degree of change during its history: it legislates in an ever wider range of policy areas, and its institutions and decision-making processes have been reformed repeatedly. One of the most important institutional changes was the introduction of the codecision procedure in 1993, which empowered the European Parliament (EP) and transformed the EU system of governance. Following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon the majority of legislation is now subject to codecision under the ordinary legislative procedure. Consequently, the operation of codecision has major implications for our understanding and analysis of the EU's legislative outputs and for studies of supranational policy-making and systemic evolution more generally. This collection takes stock of 20 years of practising and studying codecision and examines the procedure's long-term implications for the EU's institutions, politics and policies.}, language = {en} } @article{Graf, author = {Graf, Lukas}, title = {Besser verzahnt: Berufs- und Hochschulbildung in {\"O}sterreich und der Schweiz}, series = {WZBrief Bildung}, volume = {24}, journal = {WZBrief Bildung}, language = {de} } @incollection{BernhardGrafPowell, author = {Bernhard, Nadine and Graf, Lukas and Powell, Justin J. W.}, title = {Durch Europ{\"a}isierung zu mehr Durchl{\"a}ssigkeit? Wandel im Verh{\"a}ltnis von Berufsbildungs- und Hochschulsystemen in Deutschland, Frankreich und {\"O}sterreich}, series = {Transnationale Vergesellschaftungen. Verhandlungen des 35. Kongresses der DGS}, booktitle = {Transnationale Vergesellschaftungen. Verhandlungen des 35. Kongresses der DGS}, editor = {Soeffner, Hans-Georg}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-18971-0}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {[en] Die europäischen Bildungsminister beschlossen 1999 einen einheitlichen europäischen Hochschulraum zu schaffen; der so genannte Bologna Prozess wurde in Gang gesetzt. Mit der Unterzeichnung der Kopenhagener Erklärung nur drei Jahre später entschlossen sich die Nationalstaaten, auch im Bereich der beruflichen Bildung stärker zusammenzuarbeiten. Vor allem soll die nationale wie internationale Vergleichbarkeit von Bildungsabschl{\"u}ssen verbessert werden. Beide Prozesse zielen darauf ab, Durchlässigkeit zwischen den organisatorischen Feldern berufliche Bildung und Hochschulbildung zu erhöhen, und zwar mit Hilfe von gemeinsam entwi- ckelten Standards wie dem Europäischen und Nationalen Qualifikationsrahmen, einem System zur Validierung und Anerkennung unterschiedlicher Lernformen, der Ermöglichung flexibler Bildungswege und der Einf{\"u}hrung von Kreditpunkte- systemen (Powell/Solga 2008, 2010, 2011). Heute, nach einem Jahrzehnt seit Beginn dieser Prozesse stellt sich die Frage, wie diese in den europäischen Nationalstaaten bisher schon gewirkt und wie sie das Verhältnis von Hochschul- und Berufsbildung verändert haben - Veränderungen, die mit vielfältigen Implikationen f{\"u}r die Bildungs- und soziale Mobilität einherge- hen können (Bernhard/Powell/Graf 2010): Die Frage nach Durchlässigkeit zwi- schen beruflicher und Hochschulbildung ist dabei insbesondere deswegen wichtig, da stratifizierte (Aus-)Bildungssysteme ohne Br{\"u}cken zwischen einzelnen Bildungs- sektoren den möglichst gleichen Zugang zu Bildungs- und Beschäftigungsopportu- nitäten behindern.}, language = {de} } @incollection{BernhardGrafPowell, author = {Bernhard, Nadine and Graf, Lukas and Powell, Justin J. W.}, title = {Auswirkungen des neuen europ{\"a}ischen Bildungsmodells auf die Verkn{\"u}pfung zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung in Deutschland, {\"O}sterreich und Frankreich}, series = {Europ{\"a}ischer Bildungsraum. Europ{\"a}isierungsprozesse in Bildungspolitik und Bildungspraxis}, booktitle = {Europ{\"a}ischer Bildungsraum. Europ{\"a}isierungsprozesse in Bildungspolitik und Bildungspraxis}, editor = {Amos, Karin and Schmid, Josef and Schrader, Josef and Thiel, Ansgar}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-0841-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {175 -- 192}, language = {de} } @incollection{EbnerGrafNikolai, author = {Ebner, Christian and Graf, Lukas and Nikolai, Rita}, title = {New Institutional Linkages between Dual Vocational Training and Higher Education - A Comparative Analysis of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland}, series = {Integration and Inequality in Education Institutions}, booktitle = {Integration and Inequality in Education Institutions}, editor = {Michael, Windzio}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-6118-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6119-3_14}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {281 -- 298}, abstract = {Germany, Austria, and Switzerland have traditionally provided a large proportion of their workforces with qualifications obtained in the dual vocational training system. However, due to the growing demand for abstract and codified knowledge, all three countries aim at increasing the permeability and individual mobility between the dual training sector and the higher education system. In this chapter we analyse the ways in which Germany, Austria and Switzerland have tried to establish institutional linkages between dual vocational training and higher education. We begin by discussing options for creating such linkages: (1.) upgrading of vocational education and training courses, (2.) introducing dual courses of study, (3.) facilitating attendance of general upper secondary schools for people with vocational qualifications, (4.) enabling the parallel acquisition of a dual vocational training qualification and a higher education entrance qualification, (5.) allowing admission to higher education on the basis of prior dual vocational training qualifications and a certain amount of work experience, and (6.) recognising prior learning as an element in higher education programmes. Our analysis shows that, recently, Germany has relied strongly on the admission to higher education based on vocational training certificates in combination with work experience. Switzerland and Austria are rather pushing the comprehensive introduction of programmes that enable the parallel acquisition of a dual vocational training qualification and a higher education entrance qualification. Finally, we raise questions about the risk of institutional ambiguity and institutional task overload}, language = {en} } @techreport{SolgaBrzinskyFayGrafetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Solga, Heike and Brzinsky-Fay, Christian and Graf, Lukas and Gresch, Cornelia and Protsch, Paula}, title = {Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen. Vielversprechende Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Ungleichheitsforschung}, series = {WZB Discussion Paper, No. SP I 2013-501}, journal = {WZB Discussion Paper, No. SP I 2013-501}, pages = {64}, language = {de} } @techreport{Graf, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Graf, Lukas}, title = {Duale Studieng{\"a}nge als "unerwartete" Form der institutionellen Durchl{\"a}ssigkeit zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung in Deutschland}, series = {Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen. Vielversprechende Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Ungleichheitsforschung}, journal = {Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen. Vielversprechende Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Ungleichheitsforschung}, editor = {Solga, Heike and Brzinsky-Fay, Christian and Graf, Lukas and Gresch, Cornelia and Protsch, Paula}, pages = {40 -- 41}, language = {de} } @article{RasmussenReh, author = {Rasmussen, Anne and Reh, Christine}, title = {The consequences of concluding codecision early: trilogues and intra-institutional bargaining success}, series = {Journal of European Public Policy}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of European Public Policy}, number = {7}, issn = {0143-814}, doi = {10.1080/13501763.2013.795391}, pages = {1006 -- 1023}, abstract = {One of the most important changes in the history of codecision has been the steep increase in early agreements since 1999. Early agreements have enhanced the efficiency of European Union legislation, but they have been criticized for giving a subset of actors disproportionate control over the legislative agenda and negotiation process. Yet, no study has systematically shown whether and how early agreements have indeed redistributed influence between actors within the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. Our contribution fills this gap by comparing actors' bargaining success across readings under codecision in a dataset of salient files. Contrary to our theoretical predictions, we do not find evidence of distributional consequences when controlling for inter-institutional conflict and file characteristics. Where codecision is concluded early, the final legislative outcomes are not located closer to the policy positions held by the party group of the Parliament's rapporteur or by the Council Presidency.}, language = {en} } @article{JankinDeNeveDawesetal., author = {Jankin, Slava and De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel and Dawes, Christopher T. and Christakis, Nicholas A. and Fowler, James H.}, title = {Born to Lead? A Twin Design and Genetic Association Study of Leadership Role Occupancy}, series = {The Leadership Quarterly}, volume = {24}, journal = {The Leadership Quarterly}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.08.001}, pages = {45 -- 60}, abstract = {We address leadership emergence and the possibility that there is a partially innate predisposition to occupy a leadership role. Employing twin design methods on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate the heritability of leadership role occupancy at 24\%. Twin studies do not point to specific genes or neurological processes that might be involved. We therefore also conduct association analysis on the available genetic markers. The results show that leadership role occupancy is associated with rs4950, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) residing on a neuronal acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNB3). We replicate this family-based genetic association result on an independent sample in the Framingham Heart Study. This is the first study to identify a specific genotype associated with the tendency to occupy a leadership position. The results suggest that what determines whether an individual occupies a leadership position is the complex product of genetic and environmental influences, with a particular role for rs4950.}, language = {en} } @article{BaturoJankin, author = {Baturo, Alexander and Jankin, Slava}, title = {Life of Brian Revisited: Assessing Informational and Non-Informational Leadership Tools}, series = {Political Science Research and Methods}, volume = {1}, journal = {Political Science Research and Methods}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/psrm.2013.3}, pages = {139 -- 157}, abstract = {Recent literature models leadership as a process of communication in which leaders' rhetorical signals facilitate followers' co-ordination. While some studies have explored the effects of leadership in experimental settings, there remains a lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of informational tools in real political environments. Using quantitative text analysis of federal and sub-national legislative addresses in Russia, this article empirically demonstrates that followers react to informational signals from leaders. It further theorizes that leaders use a combination of informational and non-informational tools to solve the co-ordination problem. The findings show that a mixture of informational and non- informational tools shapes followers' strategic calculi. Ignoring non-informational tools — and particularly the interrelationship between informational and non-informational tools - can threaten the internal validity of causal inference in the analysis of leadership effects on co-ordination.}, language = {en} } @book{Stockmann, author = {Stockmann, Daniela}, title = {Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {9781107469624}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {358}, language = {en} } @techreport{Cingolani, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Cingolani, Luciana}, title = {The State of State Capacity: a review of concepts, evidence and measures}, series = {MERIT Working Papers}, journal = {MERIT Working Papers}, edition = {\#2013-053}, abstract = {This working paper is part of the research programme on Institutions, Governance and Longterm Economic Growth, a partnership between the French Development Agency AFD and the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance Maastricht University UNUMerit. The research builds on the Institutional Profiles Database IPD, jointly developed by AFD and the French Ministry of the Economy since 2001.What is state capacity and how does it affect development The concept of state capacity acquired centrality during the late seventies and eighties, sponsored by a rather compact set of scholarly works. It later permeated through several disciplines and has now earned a place within the many governance dimensions affecting economic performance. The present article aims to provide a historical account of the evolution and usage of the state capacity concept, along with its various operationalizations. It examines in particular a the growing distance in the usage of the concept by different disciplinary and thematic fields; b the process of branching out of the concept from restricted to more multidimensional definitions; c the problems with construct validity and concept stretching, and d the generalized lack of clarity that exists regarding the institutional sources of state capacity.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KayserStanig, author = {Kayser, Mark A. and Stanig, Piero}, title = {Governance Indicators: Some Proposals}, series = {Governance Challenges and Innovations: Financial and Fiscal Governance}, booktitle = {Governance Challenges and Innovations: Financial and Fiscal Governance}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780199674930}, doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674930.001.0001}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {189 -- 220}, language = {en} } @article{KayserLeininger, author = {Kayser, Mark A. and Leininger, Arndt}, title = {A Benchmarking Forecast of the 2013 Bundestag Election}, language = {en} } @article{IacovoneDeHoyos, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and De Hoyos, Rafael E}, title = {Economic Performance under NAFTA: A Firm-Level Analysis of the Trade-productivity Linkages}, series = {World Development}, volume = {44}, journal = {World Development}, pages = {180 -- 193}, abstract = {Did the North American Free Trade Agreement make Mexican firms more productive? If so, through which channels? This paper addresses these questions by deploying an innovative microeconometric approach that disentangles the various channels through which integration with the global markets (via international trade) can affect firm-level productivity. The results show that the North American Free Trade Agreement stimulated the productivity of Mexican plants via: (1) an increase in import competition and (2) a positive effect on access to imported intermediate inputs. However, the impact of trade reforms was not identical for all integrated firms, with fully integrated firms (i.e. firms simultaneously exporting and importing) benefiting more than other integrated firms. Contrary to previous results, once self-selection problems are solved, the analysis finds a rather weak relationship between exports and productivity growth.}, language = {en} } @article{CardotIacovonePierolaetal., author = {Cardot, Olivier and Iacovone, Leonardo and Pierola, Martha Denisse and Rauch, Ferdinand}, title = {Success and failure of African exporters}, series = {Journal of Development Economics}, volume = {101}, journal = {Journal of Development Economics}, doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.12.004}, pages = {284 -- 296}, abstract = {Using a new dataset with transaction-level export data from four African countries (Malawi, Mali, Senegal and Tanzania), this paper explores the determinants of success upon entry into export markets, defined as survival beyond the first year at the firm-product-destination level. We find that the probability of success rises with the number of same-country firms exporting the same product to the same destination, suggesting the existence of cross-firm externalities. We explore several conjectures on the determinants of these externalities and provide evidence suggestive of information spillovers, possibly mediated through the banking system.}, language = {en} } @article{IacovoneRauchWinters, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Rauch, Ferdinand and Winters, L Alan}, title = {Trade as an engine of creative destruction: Mexican experience with Chinese competition}, series = {Journal of International Economics}, volume = {89}, journal = {Journal of International Economics}, number = {2}, pages = {379 -- 392}, abstract = {This paper exploits the surge in Chinese exports from 1994 to 2004 to evaluate the effects of a competition shock from a low wage competitor for producers in an important middle-income country, Mexico. We find that this shock causes selection and reallocation at both firm and product levels and that its impact is highly heterogeneous at the intensive and extensive margins. Sales of smaller plants and more marginal products are compressed and are more likely to cease, whereas those of larger plants and core products seem relatively impervious to the shock. This implies a reallocation in terms of market shares within firms and between firms. We also show that the impact of expanded access to cheaper Chinese intermediate inputs has a similar effect, with larger plants benefiting more from the availability of cheaper imported inputs.}, language = {en} } @article{IacovoneZahlerMattoo, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Zahler, Andr{\´e}s and Mattoo, Aaditya}, title = {Trade and innovation in services: Evidence from a developing economy}, series = {The World Economy}, volume = {37}, journal = {The World Economy}, number = {7}, pages = {953 -- 979}, abstract = {Studies on innovation and international trade have traditionally focused on manufacturing because neither was seen as important for services. Moreover, the few existing studies on services focus only on industrial countries, although in many developing countries services are already the largest sector in the economy and an important determinant of overall productivity growth. Using a recent firm-level innovation survey for Chile to compare the manufacturing and "tradable" services sector, this paper reveals some novel patterns. First, although services firms have on average a much lower propensity to export than manufacturing firms, services exports are less dominated by large firms and tend to be more skill intensive than manufacturing exports. Second, services firms appear to be as innovative as -- and in some cases more innovative than -- manufacturing firms, in terms of both inputs and outputs of "technological" innovative activity, although services innovations more often take a "non-technological" form. Third, services exporters (like manufacturing exporters) tend to be significantly more innovative than non-exporters, with a wider gap for innovations close to the global technological frontier. These findings suggest that the growing faith in services as a source of both trade and innovative dynamism may not be misplaced.}, language = {en} } @techreport{IacovoneRamachandranSchmidt, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Ramachandran, Vijaya and Schmidt, Martin}, title = {Stunted growth: why don't African firms create more jobs?}, series = {Policy Research Working Papers}, journal = {Policy Research Working Papers}, edition = {6727}, publisher = {World Bank Group}, abstract = {Many countries in Africa suffer high rates of underemployment or low rates of productive employment; many also anticipate large numbers of people to enter the workforce in the near future. This paper asks the question: Are African firms creating fewer jobs than those located elsewhere? And, if so, why? One reason may be that weak business environments slow the growth of firms and distort the allocation of resources away from better-performing firms, hence reducing their potential for job creation. The paper uses data from 41,000 firms across 119 countries to examine the drivers of firm growth, with a special focus on African firms. African firms, at any age, tend to be 20-24 percent smaller than firms in other regions of the world. The poor business environment, driven by limited access to finance, and the lack of availability of electricity, land, and unskilled labor have some value in explaining this difference. Foreign ownership, the export status of the firm, and the size of the market are also significant determinants of firm size. However, even after controlling for the business environment and for characteristics of firms and markets, about 60 percent of the size gap between African and non-African firms remains unexplained.}, language = {en} } @techreport{IacovoneGonzalezSubhash, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Gonz{\´a}lez, Alvaro S. and Subhash, Hari}, title = {Russian volatility: Obstacle to firm survival and diversification}, series = {Policy Research Working Paper}, journal = {Policy Research Working Paper}, edition = {6605}, publisher = {World Bank Group}, address = {Washington, D. C.}, abstract = {The need for economic diversification receives a great deal of attention in Russia. This paper looks at a way to improve it that is essential but largely ignored: how to help diversifying firms better survive economic cycles. By definition, economic diversification means doing new things in new sectors and/or in new markets. The fate of emerging firms, therefore, should be of great concern to policy makers. This paper indicates that the ups and downs -- the volatility -- of Russian economic growth are key to that fate. Volatility of growth is higher in Russia than in comparable economies because its slumps are both longer and deeper. They go beyond the cleansing effects of eliminating the least efficient firms; relatively efficient ones get swept away as well. In fact, an incumbency advantage improves a firm's chances of weathering the ups and downs of the economy, regardless of a firm's relative efficiency. Finally, firms in sectors where competition is less intense are less likely to exit the market, regardless of their relative efficiency. Two policy conclusions emerge from these findings -- one macroeconomic and one microeconomic. First, the importance of countercyclical policies is heightened to include efficiency elements. Second, strengthening competition and other factors that support the survival of new, emerging and efficient firms will promote economic diversification. Efforts to help small and medium enterprises may be better spent on removing the obstacles that young, infant firms face as they attempt to enter, survive and grow.}, language = {en} } @article{IacovoneAteridoBeck, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Aterido, Reyes and Beck, Thorsten}, title = {Access to Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is There a Gender Gap?}, series = {World Development}, volume = {47}, journal = {World Development}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.02.013}, pages = {102 -- 120}, abstract = {We show the existence of an unconditional gender gap in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, when key observable characteristics of the enterprises or individuals are taken into account the gender gap disappears. In the case of enterprises, we explain our finding with differences in key characteristics and a potential selection bias. In the case of individuals, the lower use of formal financial services by women can be explained by gender gaps in other dimensions related to the use of financial services, such as their lower level of income and education, and by their household and employment status.}, language = {en} } @article{SnowerGraham, author = {Snower, Dennis and Graham, Liam}, title = {Hyperbolic Discounting and Positive Optimal Inflation}, series = {Macroeconomic Dynamics}, volume = {17}, journal = {Macroeconomic Dynamics}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1017/S1365100511000393}, pages = {591 -- 620}, abstract = {The Friedman rule states that steady-state welfare is maximized when there is deflation at the real rate of interest. Recent work by Khan, King, and Wolman [Review of Economic Studies 10 (4), 825-860] uses a richer model but still finds deflation optimal. In an otherwise standard New Keynesian model we show that, if households have hyperbolic discounting, small positive rates of inflation can be optimal. In our baseline calibration, the optimal rate of inflation is 2.1\% and remains positive across a wide range of calibrations.}, language = {en} } @article{MunzertBauer, author = {Munzert, Simon and Bauer, Paul}, title = {Political Depolarization in German Public Opinion, 1980-2010}, series = {Political Science Research and Methods}, volume = {1}, journal = {Political Science Research and Methods}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/psrm.2013.7}, pages = {67 -- 89}, abstract = {Little is known about political polarization in German public opinion. This article offers an issue-based perspective and explores trends of opinion polarization in Germany. Public opinion polarization is conceptualized and measured as alignment of attitudes. Data from the German General Social Survey (1980 to 2010) comprise attitudes towards manifold issues, which are classified into several dimensions. This study estimates multilevel models that reveal general and issue- as well as dimension-specific levels and trends in attitude alignment for both the whole German population and sub-groups. It finds that public opinion polarization has decreased over the last three decades in Germany. In particular, highly educated and more politically interested people have become less polarized over time. However, polarization seems to have increased in attitudes regarding gender issues. These findings provide interesting contrasts to existing research on the American public.}, language = {en} } @article{SelbHerrmannMunzertetal., author = {Selb, Peter and Herrmann, Michael and Munzert, Simon and Sch{\"u}bel, Thomas and Shikano, Susumu}, title = {Forecasting runoff elections using candidate evaluations from first round exit polls}, series = {International Journal of Forecasting}, volume = {29}, journal = {International Journal of Forecasting}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijforecast.2013.02.001}, pages = {541 -- 547}, abstract = {We draw attention to a simple yet underappreciated way of forecasting the outcomes of elections involving two rounds of voting: surveying the voters' candidate evaluations in first round exit polls, poststratifying the sample proportions of reported votes to official first round election returns, and redistributing the votes for eliminated competitors according to their supporters' lower-order preferences among the viable alternatives in round two. We argue that the approach is likely to outperform standard pre-election surveys, due to its better coverage and reduced measurement error, and the possibility of correcting for sample selection. We set out the practical details of the method and demonstrate its usefulness by employing a recent German mayoral election as an empirical case. Thirteen candidates were competing in the first round, while there were six candidates in the decisive second round. The runoff result was forecast two weeks in advance with an average absolute error of less than one percentage point.}, language = {en} } @article{SelbMunzert, author = {Selb, Peter and Munzert, Simon}, title = {Voter overrepresentation, vote misreporting, and turnout bias in postelection surveys}, series = {Electoral Studies}, volume = {32}, journal = {Electoral Studies}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2012.11.004}, pages = {186 -- 196}, abstract = {Figures from postelection surveys often grossly overestimate election turnout. Two distinct phenomena are responsible for this gap: overrepresentation of actual voters and vote misreporting by actual nonvoters among survey respondents. Previous accounts of turnout bias are inconclusive in that they either focus on a single component, or fail to separate between the two. In this paper, we formally decompose turnout bias in election surveys into its constituent parts, assess their empirical prevalence and heterogeneity using an extensive collection of 49 vote validation studies from six countries, and employ Bayesian meta regression techniques to account for cross-study differences. Our results indicate that both election and survey characteristics such as actual voter turnout and survey response rates differentially affect the components of turnout bias. We conclude with a discussion of the threats and potentials of our findings for survey-based comparative electoral research.}, language = {en} }