@techreport{KurbanTsitselikis, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kurban, Dilek and Tsitselikis, Konstantinos}, title = {A Tale of Reciprocity: Minority Foundations in Greece and Turkey}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-17545}, pages = {40}, abstract = {The word most frequently uttered by Greece and Turkey with regard to their Muslim1 and non-Muslim minorities, respectively, is most probably 'reciprocity.' For more than half a century, in both countries, virtually all administrations,irrespective of their political leanings and ideological base, resorted to the good old 'reciprocity argument' to legitimize their laws, policies, and practices restricting the minority rights of Muslim and non-Muslim communities. Both states have for decades justified their policies on the basis of a theory that argues that Article 45 of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne provided the legal basis for reciprocity. Deliberately distorting a crystal-clear provision, which simply confers parallel obligations on Greece and Turkey for the protection of the Muslim and non-Muslim minorities, respectively, both states have for decades held their own citizens hostage, pitting them against each other in the name of defeating the other in foreign policy. Disregarding the objections of international lawyers and institutions that the reciprocity principle does not apply to human rights treaties and that states cannot condition the protection of the fundamental rights of their citizens on the policies of other states, both Greece and Turkey have successfully manipulated their national public opinion into believing in the legitimacy of treating minorities as lesser citizens. This report analyzes the implications of reciprocity policies on the day-to-day lives of Muslim and non-Muslim minorities in Greece and Turkey, specifically their impact on the community foundations2 belonging to these minorities. With a specific focus on the property and self-management issues of Muslim and non-Muslim community foundations in Greece and Turkey, the report situates the issue in its historical context and trace the evolution of the 'community foundation issue' from Lausanne to the present day. Drawing similarities and differences between the laws, policies, and practices of Greek and Turkish states vis-{\`a}-vis their minority foundations, the report critically assesses the progress made to this day as well as identify the outstanding issues.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldScholzPetersetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Scholz, Rembrandt and Peters, Frederik and Wlosnewski, Ines}, title = {Order specific fertility rates for Germany: Estimates from Perinatal Statistics for the period 2001-2008}, series = {Comparative population studies (CPOS)}, volume = {35}, journal = {Comparative population studies (CPOS)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Bundesinstitut f{\"u}r Bev{\"o}lkerungsforschung}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1869-8980}, doi = {10.4232/10.CPoS-2010-06en}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9642}, pages = {207 -- 224}, abstract = {Until 2008, Germany's vital statistics did not include information on the biological order of each birth. This resulted in a dearth of important demographic indicators, such as the mean age at fi rst birth and the level of childlessness. Researchers have tried to fill this gap by generating order-specifi c birth rates from survey data, and by combining survey data with vital statistics. This paper takes a different approach by using Perinatal Statistics to generate birth order-specific fertility rates for the period 2001 to 2008. Perinatal Statistics includes information on births that took place in German hospitals. Out-of-hospital births, which account for about 2 \% of all births, are not included in the Perinatal Statistics. In a sensitivity analysis, we show how robust our estimates are to the inclusion of out-of-hospital births. Our general assessment is that the Perinatal Statistics is a valuable source for generating order-specific fertility rates, regardless of whether out-of-hospital births are included.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldScholz, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Scholz, Rembrandt}, title = {Fertility and mortality data for Germany}, series = {Building on progress: expanding the research infrastructure for the social, economic, and behavioral sciences}, booktitle = {Building on progress: expanding the research infrastructure for the social, economic, and behavioral sciences}, publisher = {Budrich UniPress}, address = {Opladen}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-940755-58-}, pages = {739 -- 751}, abstract = {In recent years, considerable progress has been made in improving the data infrastructure for fertility and morality researchers in Germany. Several large scale data sets have been made available through the research data centers: the micro-censuses of the 1970s and 1980s, the censuses of the GDR and FRG, the micro-census panel, data from the pension registers, individual level data from the vital statistics, and the central foreigner registers have become available for scientific usage. Vital statistics have been reformed, and the micro-census now includes information on number of children ever born. Despite these improvements, there are still some "weak spots" in Germany's data infrastructure. Germany is lacking official counts of reconstituted families. We know little about the mortality risks of immigrants. In addition, the data infrastructure for studying the socio-economic differences in mortality risks could be improved, thus enabling Germany to catch up with international developments in this area. This paper concludes by making some suggestions for improving the data available.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldPerelliHarrisSigleRushtonetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Perelli-Harris, Brienna and Sigle-Rushton, Wendy and Lappegard, Trude and Berghammer, Caroline and Keizer, Renske}, title = {The educational gradient of nonmarital childbearing in Europe}, series = {Population and Development Review}, volume = {36}, journal = {Population and Development Review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken (NJ) [u.a.]}, issn = {0098-7921}, pages = {775 -- 801}, abstract = {Nearly every European Country has experienced some increase in nonmarital childbearing, largely due to increasing births within cohabitation. Relatively few studies in Europe, however, investigate the educational gradient of childbearing within cohabitation or how it changed over time. Using retrospective union and fertility histories, we employ competing risk hazard models to examine the educational gradient of childbearing in cohabitation in eight countries across europe. In all countries studied, birth risks within cohabitation demonstrated a negative educational gradient. When directly comparing cohabiting fertility with marital fertility, the negative educational gradient persists in all countries except Italy, although differences were not significant in Austria, France, and West Germany. To explain these findings, we present an alternative explanation for the increase in childbearing within cohabitation that goes beyond the explanation of the Second Demographic Transition and provides a new interpretation of the underlying mechanisms that may influence childbearing within cohabitation.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldPerelliHarrisKubisch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Perelli-Harris, Brienna and Kubisch, Karolin}, title = {Harmonized histories : Manual for the preparation of comparative fertility and union histories}, series = {MPIDR Working Paper (No. 11/2010)}, journal = {MPIDR Working Paper (No. 11/2010)}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {32}, abstract = {This document describes the standardization process of the Harmonized Histories. The Harmonized Histories is a comparative database of rich reproductive and union histories from surveys conducted in a number of countries in Europe. Given that birth and union data has been collected in a number of ways in different surveys, it has been very difficult to conduct cross-national analyses of recent union and fertility behavior over time. A team of researchers called the Nonmarital Childbearing Network has cleaned and standardized the surveys according to guidelines set out in this manual. Currently, the database includes data from the Generations and Gender Surveys (GGSs) in Italy, Germany, France, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Russia; the 2003 Dutch Fertility and Family Survey; and the British Household Panel Survey.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldKubisch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Kubisch, Olga}, title = {Data Documentation Germany: Documentation for the Human Fertility Base}, publisher = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, abstract = {The Human Fertility Database (HFD) is a joint project of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) in Rostock, Germany and the Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) in Vienna, Austria, based at MPIDR. We seek to provide free and user-friendly access to detailed and high-quality data on period and cohort fertility and thus to facilitate research on changes and inter-country differences in fertility in the past and in the modern era. The HFD is entirely based on official vital statistics and places a great emphasis on data checking and documentation and on warranting data comparability across time and countries by means of uniform methodology}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Familienformen und Lebensbedingungen in Ost und West: Zur sozio{\"o}konomischen Lage von M{\"u}ttern in Deutschland, Frankreich und Russland}, series = {Leben in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Bilanz der deutschen Einheit 1990-2010}, booktitle = {Leben in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Bilanz der deutschen Einheit 1990-2010}, publisher = {Campus}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-593-39333-9}, pages = {123 -- 143}, abstract = {Die Debatte um den Wandel von Familie und Lebensformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland konzentriert sich vor allem auf Ver{\"a}nderungen, die w{\"a}hrend der letzten 20 Jahre erfolgt sind. Jedoch sind diese Entwicklungen in Westdeutschland genauso wie in Ostdeutschland in grundlegendere Tendenzen des demografischen Wandels seit den sechziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts eingebettet, die als Europas "zweiter demografischer {\"U}bergang" bezeichnet werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt die vorliegende Betrachtung des Wandels in Ost- und Westdeutschland in einem breiteren europ{\"a}ischen Kontext. Durch einen Vergleich von Deutschland Ost und West mit Frankreich und Russland werden sowohl die Spezifika der westdeutschen Situation als auch die Besonderheiten des Wandels im Osten in Folge der Systemtransformation herausgearbeitet. Der Beitrag ist wie folgt aufgebaut: Nach der Einleitung wird im zweiten Abschnitt ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber grundlegende familiendemografische Entwicklungen sowie institutionelle Kontexte des familialen Wandels in Frankreich, Russland und Deutschland gegeben. Im dritten Abschnitt werden die zu Grunde liegenden Daten vorgestellt, und im vierten Teil wird die wirtschaftliche Lage von M{\"u}ttern in den drei L{\"a}ndern beschrieben. Im letzten Abschnitt wird die Frage behandelt, welche Rolle Familienformen und insbesondere die Erwerbsbeteiligung von M{\"u}ttern in den untersuchten L{\"a}ndern f{\"u}r die sozio{\"o}konomische Lage von Familien spielen}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {The growing educational divide in mother's employment: An investigation based on the German micro-censuses 1976-2004}, series = {Work, Employment and Society}, volume = {24}, journal = {Work, Employment and Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Los Angeles [u.a.]}, issn = {0950-0170}, doi = {10.1177/0950017010362140}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9678}, pages = {260 -- 278}, abstract = {This article investigates whether the increase in the labour force participation of mothers in western Germany has been accompanied by growing social inequalities in maternal employment. The focus is on education-related differences in full-time, part-time and marginal employment, and, in particular, changes therein over time. It is assumed that worsening labour market opportunities for the less educated and a 'familialistic' social policy context have resulted in growing differentials in mothers' employment by education. Data from the scientific use files of the German micro-censuses for the years 1976 to 2004 show that the part-time and marginal employment rates of mothers have increased, while full-time employment rates have declined. Reductions in full-time employment are most pronounced among less educated mothers, resulting in growing educational differences in the employment of mothers.}, language = {en} } @article{Kreyenfeld, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Uncertainties in female employment careers and the postponement of parenthood in Germany}, series = {European Sociological Review}, volume = {26}, journal = {European Sociological Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0266-7215}, doi = {10.1093/esr/jcp026}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9661}, pages = {351 -- 366}, abstract = {This paper investigates whether uncertainties in female employment careers result in a postponement of family formation. Data for this analysis comes from the German Socio-Economic Panel, which provides longitudinal information on economic uncertainty and fertility for the period 1984 to 2006. We employ objective measures of uncertainty (unemployment) as well as subjective measures (whether the respondent is worried about her economic situation, whether she is worried about the security of her job). We find little evidence that uncertainties in female employment careers generally lead to a postponement of parenthood. Hence, the relationship between economic uncertainty and first birth varies by level of education. While more highly educated postpone parenthood when subject to employment uncertainties, women with low levels of education often respond to these situations by becoming mothers.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kostka, author = {Kostka, Genia}, title = {Private sector development in central China: patterns, causes, and the role of local governments}, publisher = {Oxford Univ.Press}, address = {Oxford}, pages = {742}, language = {en} } @article{Kostka, author = {Kostka, Genia}, title = {China's energy policies: From a 'growth at any cost' model to a sustainable, energy-secure growth path?}, series = {China Business \& Research (CBR)}, volume = {011}, journal = {China Business \& Research (CBR)}, publisher = {Frankfurt School of Finance and Management}, address = {Frankfurt}, pages = {4}, language = {en} } @incollection{KlockeHurrelmannAnheier, author = {Klocke, Andreas and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Ziel und Aufbau der Hertie-Studie FrankfurtRheinMain}, series = {Hertie-Studie FrankfurtRhein/Main}, booktitle = {Hertie-Studie FrankfurtRhein/Main}, editor = {Hertie-Stiftung,}, publisher = {Frankfurter Societ{\"a}ts-Druckerei}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, isbn = {978-3797312334}, pages = {11 -- 20}, abstract = {Rund 3.000 Bewohner Frankfurts und des Rhein-Main-Gebiets wurden nach ihren Lebensbedingungen und ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit befragt, und das Ergebnis ist so spannend wie die gesamte Region: Die Hertie-Studie FrankfurtRheinMain 2010 zeichnet ein vielschichtiges und lesenswertes Bild von der Lebensqualit{\"a}t zwischen Aschaffenburg und Mainz, Darmstadt und Gießen. Dabei schreibt sie die erfolgreiche und vieldiskutierte Hertie-Berlin-Studie 2009 fort und erweitert diese Stadtstudie neuen Typs um regionale Fragestellungen: Was verbindet Frankfurt mit dem Umland? Wie blickt die Region auf die Mainmetropole? Was eint die Menschen, was trennt sie? Spiegelt das Rhein-Main-Gebiet in der Wahrnehmung der Menschen Lebensrealit{\"a}t wider oder ist diese Region ein Konstrukt?}, language = {de} } @incollection{JannWegrich, author = {Jann, Werner and Wegrich, Kai}, title = {Governance und Verwaltungspolitik: Leitbilder und Reformkonzepte}, series = {Governance. Regieren in komplexen Regelsystemen}, booktitle = {Governance. Regieren in komplexen Regelsystemen}, editor = {Benz, Arthur and Dose, Nicolai}, publisher = {VS Verlag f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {9783531173320}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {175 -- 200}, language = {de} } @incollection{JachtenfuchsHerschingerKasack, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus and Herschinger, Eva and Kasack, Christiane}, title = {International Policing : Embedding the Monopoly of Force}, series = {Handbook of Multi-level Governance}, booktitle = {Handbook of Multi-level Governance}, publisher = {Elgar Publ.}, address = {Cheltenham}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-4388}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {477 -- 486}, abstract = {The Handbook provides an authoritative overview of the MLG literature. . . it has the potential to be widely used as a source of reference. The book is systematically structured, and most chapters are of high quality. . .' Achim Hurrelmann, Environment and Planning C 'The editors have produced an authoritative and comprehensive guide to multi-level governance. The book ranges across the domestic context, supraregionalism and global governance all filtered through a sophisticated analytical framework and attention to policy detail. There is no better place to go than this book for a guide to the topic. An outstanding accomplishment.' David Held, London School of Economics, UK Scholarship of multi-level governance has developed into one of the most innovative themes of research in political science and public policy. This accessible Handbook presents a thorough review of the wide-ranging literature, encompassing various theoretical and conceptual approaches to multi-level governance and their application to policy-making in domestic, regional and global contexts. The importance of multi-level governance in specific policy areas is highlighted, and the contributors an international group of highly renowned scholars report on the ways in which their field of specialization is or may be affected by multi-level governance and how developments could affect its conceptualization. European integration is considered from its unique standpoint as the key catalyst in the development of multi-level approaches, and the use of multi-level governance in other parts of the world, at both domestic and regional levels, is also considered in detail before focus is shifted towards global governance. The Handbook concludes with a presentation of six policy fields and instruments affected by multi-level governance, including: social policy, environmental policy, economic policy, international taxation, standard-setting and policing. This comprehensive Handbook takes stock of the vast array of multi-level governance theory and research developed in subfields of political science and public policy, and as such will provide an invaluable reference tool for scholars, researchers and students with a special interest in public policy, regulation and governance.}, language = {en} } @article{Jachtenfuchs2010, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, title = {Der Wandel des regulativen Mehrebenensystems in der EU}, series = {dms - der moderne staat}, volume = {3}, journal = {dms - der moderne staat}, number = {1}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Leverkusen}, issn = {1865-7192}, pages = {109 -- 124}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Das europ{\"a}ische Mehrebenensystem wird weithin durch eine spezifische Arbeitsteilung charakterisiert, wonach die europ{\"a}ische Ebene stark im Bereich Pareto-optimierender und eher unpolitischer Marktregulierung sei, den Mitgliedstaaten dagegen die klassischen Staatsaufgaben wie Sicherheit, Besteuerung oder Bildung vorbehalten blieben, die tief in individuelle Belange eingreifen. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand der inneren Sicherheit und der Steuerpolitik, dass sich die EU im Gegensatz zu diesem Standardmodell nicht auf Marktregulierung beschr{\"a}nkt, sondern auch staatliche Kernaufgaben intensiv reguliert. Ursache hierf{\"u}r sind externe Effekte der Schaffung des gemeinsamen Binnenmarktes und das Fehlen eigenst{\"a}ndiger Handlungsmittel in diesen Bereichen, das durch Regulierung kompensiert wird. Durch den vorherrschenden Modus der Regulierung bleiben die Eingriffe der EU aber weithin unsichtbar.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Jachtenfuchs, author = {Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, title = {The Institutional Framework of the EU}, series = {Handbook of Multi-level Governance}, booktitle = {Handbook of Multi-level Governance}, publisher = {Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-1-84980-629-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-4376}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {203 -- 213}, abstract = {The Handbook provides an authoritative overview of the MLG literature. . . it has the potential to be widely used as a source of reference. The book is systematically structured, and most chapters are of high quality. . .' Achim Hurrelmann, Environment and Planning C 'The editors have produced an authoritative and comprehensive guide to multi-level governance. The book ranges across the domestic context, supraregionalism and global governance all filtered through a sophisticated analytical framework and attention to policy detail. There is no better place to go than this book for a guide to the topic. An outstanding accomplishment.' David Held, London School of Economics, UK Scholarship of multi-level governance has developed into one of the most innovative themes of research in political science and public policy. This accessible Handbook presents a thorough review of the wide-ranging literature, encompassing various theoretical and conceptual approaches to multi-level governance and their application to policy-making in domestic, regional and global contexts. The importance of multi-level governance in specific policy areas is highlighted, and the contributors an international group of highly renowned scholars report on the ways in which their field of specialization is or may be affected by multi-level governance and how developments could affect its conceptualization. European integration is considered from its unique standpoint as the key catalyst in the development of multi-level approaches, and the use of multi-level governance in other parts of the world, at both domestic and regional levels, is also considered in detail before focus is shifted towards global governance. The Handbook concludes with a presentation of six policy fields and instruments affected by multi-level governance, including: social policy, environmental policy, economic policy, international taxation, standard-setting and policing. This comprehensive Handbook takes stock of the vast array of multi-level governance theory and research developed in subfields of political science and public policy, and as such will provide an invaluable reference tool for scholars, researchers and students with a special interest in public policy, regulation and governance.}, language = {en} } @techreport{IacovoneKellerRauch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Keller, Wolfgang and Rauch, Ferdinand}, title = {Innovation When The Market Is Shrinking: Firm-level Responses To Competition From China}, abstract = {How does trade liberalization that raises a country's import competition affect the innovative activity of its firms? We exploit the strong growth of Chinese exports resulting from China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001 as a competitive shock to, specifically, Mexican manufacturing firms. Innovation is captured through information on the adoption of specific production techniques such as just in time inventory methods, quality control, and job rotation. Our results indicate that China's rise in global trade did not affect by much Mexico's rate of innovation, which contrasts with the substantial gains that others have found in the case of bilateral liberalization. At the same time, there is a striking heterogeneity in the responses across firms: productive firms innovate more while less productive firms innovate less. This leads to positive selection in that initial differences in firm performance are sharpened by the advent of new competition. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of trade and innovation.}, language = {en} } @article{IacovoneJavorcik, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Javorcik, Beata S.}, title = {MULTI-PRODUCT EXPORTERS: PRODUCT CHURNING, UNCERTAINTY AND EXPORT DISCOVERIES}, series = {The Economic Journal}, volume = {120}, journal = {The Economic Journal}, number = {544}, doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02356.x}, pages = {481 -- 499}, abstract = {Recent research on international trade focuses on firm-product-level heterogeneity and the role of uncertainty in shaping international trade. This article contributes to the literature by examining product-level dynamics within firms in the context of Mexican trade integration under NAFTA. The data show intense product churning within firms and confirm the existence of within-firm product heterogeneity. The data indicate that new exporters enter foreign markets with a small number of varieties, most of which were previously sold at home, and with a small export small volume. The data also suggest that export discoveries are relatively rare and are imitated within a short period of time.}, language = {en} } @article{IacovoneCrespi, author = {Iacovone, Leonardo and Crespi, Gustavo A}, title = {Catching up with the technological frontier: Micro-level evidence on growth and convergence}, series = {Industrial and Corporate Change}, volume = {10}, journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1093/icc/dtq057}, pages = {2073 -- 2096}, abstract = {In this article, we study how firm heterogeneity influences productivity catching up using plant-level data from Mexico. The article addresses three issues: first, it evaluates the process of convergence towards the global versus the local technological frontier in a middle-income country such as Mexico. Second, it systematically evaluates the role of technological efforts in determining the speed of convergence towards each of these technological frontiers. Third, it assesses the role of openness and trade integration in determining the speed of convergence and presents a horse race between integration and technological effort in explaining the determinants of heterogeneity in influencing the process of convergence toward both the domestic and the global technological frontier. Our results suggest that building firm-level technological capabilities is important for catching up with the global frontier. A policy focused on trade alone will facilitate convergence towards the best technological practices available locally, but it will fall short of encouraging convergence with the global frontier.}, language = {en} } @article{HurrelmannReinhardtNoacketal., author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Reinhardt, C.H. and Noack, M. J. and Wassmer, G. and Klein, K.}, title = {A strategy for encouraging young adult's adoption of a preferred oral hygiene technique}, series = {Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry}, volume = {8}, journal = {Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Quintessenz Publ.}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1602-1622}, doi = {10.3290/j.ohpd.a18805}, pages = {3 -- 8}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Adherence to dental preventive programmes in young adults is low. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to evaluate whether tutoring peers can be a compliance-enhancing tool or not. METHODS: In Part 1, two randomly selected classes (49 female students, mean age 19.8 + or - 2.3 years) were taught adult toothbrushing technique (the modified Bass technique) in a project-like manner. After the course, knowledge was tested using a class test, and compliance was evaluated using anonymous quantitative questionnaires. Compliance was defined as a reported degree of change from the easy-to-learn childhood toothbrushing techniques to the more efficient and challenging Bass technique. In Part 2 of the present longitudinal study, the compliance of these students was re-evaluated after having developed and applied themselves a programme of how to tutor peers in oral health. Re-evaluation of compliance was performed after 3 and 9 months. RESULTS: In Part 1, 28.5\% of the students were compliant after 1 week. Compared with Part 1, the compliance in Part 2 was significantly higher (P u 0.001), both after 3 months (90\%) and after 9 months (82\%). CONCLUSIONS: Tutoring peers can significantly enhance the compliance over a period of 9 months. Tutoring can function as a form of empowerment and can establish a strong sustained health engagement. Tutoring peers in health-related subjects can readily be implemented in schools and might be an additional means of oral health promotion with fewer additional costs.}, language = {en} }