@article{HurrelmannReinhardtNoacketal., author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Reinhardt, C.H. and Noack, M. J. and Wassmer, G. and Klein, K.}, title = {A strategy for encouraging young adult's adoption of a preferred oral hygiene technique}, series = {Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry}, volume = {8}, journal = {Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Quintessenz Publ.}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1602-1622}, doi = {10.3290/j.ohpd.a18805}, pages = {3 -- 8}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Adherence to dental preventive programmes in young adults is low. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to evaluate whether tutoring peers can be a compliance-enhancing tool or not. METHODS: In Part 1, two randomly selected classes (49 female students, mean age 19.8 + or - 2.3 years) were taught adult toothbrushing technique (the modified Bass technique) in a project-like manner. After the course, knowledge was tested using a class test, and compliance was evaluated using anonymous quantitative questionnaires. Compliance was defined as a reported degree of change from the easy-to-learn childhood toothbrushing techniques to the more efficient and challenging Bass technique. In Part 2 of the present longitudinal study, the compliance of these students was re-evaluated after having developed and applied themselves a programme of how to tutor peers in oral health. Re-evaluation of compliance was performed after 3 and 9 months. RESULTS: In Part 1, 28.5\% of the students were compliant after 1 week. Compared with Part 1, the compliance in Part 2 was significantly higher (P u 0.001), both after 3 months (90\%) and after 9 months (82\%). CONCLUSIONS: Tutoring peers can significantly enhance the compliance over a period of 9 months. Tutoring can function as a form of empowerment and can establish a strong sustained health engagement. Tutoring peers in health-related subjects can readily be implemented in schools and might be an additional means of oral health promotion with fewer additional costs.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldScholzPetersetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Scholz, Rembrandt and Peters, Frederik and Wlosnewski, Ines}, title = {Order specific fertility rates for Germany: Estimates from Perinatal Statistics for the period 2001-2008}, series = {Comparative population studies (CPOS)}, volume = {35}, journal = {Comparative population studies (CPOS)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Bundesinstitut f{\"u}r Bev{\"o}lkerungsforschung}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1869-8980}, doi = {10.4232/10.CPoS-2010-06en}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9642}, pages = {207 -- 224}, abstract = {Until 2008, Germany's vital statistics did not include information on the biological order of each birth. This resulted in a dearth of important demographic indicators, such as the mean age at fi rst birth and the level of childlessness. Researchers have tried to fill this gap by generating order-specifi c birth rates from survey data, and by combining survey data with vital statistics. This paper takes a different approach by using Perinatal Statistics to generate birth order-specific fertility rates for the period 2001 to 2008. Perinatal Statistics includes information on births that took place in German hospitals. Out-of-hospital births, which account for about 2 \% of all births, are not included in the Perinatal Statistics. In a sensitivity analysis, we show how robust our estimates are to the inclusion of out-of-hospital births. Our general assessment is that the Perinatal Statistics is a valuable source for generating order-specific fertility rates, regardless of whether out-of-hospital births are included.}, language = {en} } @article{HammerschmidRoeberProelleretal., author = {Hammerschmid, Gerhard and R{\"o}ber, Manfred and Proeller, Isabella and Reichard, Christoph}, title = {Verwaltungsf{\"u}hrung heute: Ergebnisse einer F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ftebefragung in Bund und L{\"a}ndern}, series = {Public Governance: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliches Management}, volume = {6}, journal = {Public Governance: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliches Management}, number = {2}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r den {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1866-4431}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-6679}, pages = {6 -- 11}, abstract = {Der Bedarf einer Modernisierung der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltungen ist angesichts der aktuellen Finanzsituation der {\"o}ffentlichen Hand aktueller denn je und stellt insbesondere an die F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte des {\"o}ffentlichen Dienstes neue Anforderungen. Auf Basis einer deutschlandweiten Erhebung auf Bundes- und L{\"a}nderebene wurden im Zeitraum von Februar bis Juni 2009 erstmalig die Erfahrungen der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte mit Fragen der Verwaltungsf{\"u}hrung und -modernisierung systematisch untersucht. Die Studie ist ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt der Professoren Gerhard Hammerschmid (Hertie School of Governance), Manfred R{\"o}ber (Universit{\"a}t Leipzig) sowie Isabella Proeller und Christoph Reichard (beide Universit{\"a}t Potsdam) mit Unterst{\"u}tzung des Instituts f{\"u}r den {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor.}, language = {de} } @article{Hammerschmid, author = {Hammerschmid, Gerhard}, title = {Vom linearen zum intelligenten Sparen}, series = {Public Governance: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliches Management}, volume = {6}, journal = {Public Governance: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliches Management}, number = {1}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r den {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1866-4431}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-6687}, pages = {21 -- 22}, abstract = {Sowohl in Deutschland als auch im europ{\"a}ischen Ausland setzt sich zunehmend die Einsicht durch, dass f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltungen Einsparungen und Budgetkonsolidierung die zentralen Herausforderungen der n{\"a}chsten Jahre sind. Die aktuelle Finanzkrise hat den budget{\"a}ren Druck auf die {\"o}ffentliche Hand nochmals deutlich versch{\"a}rft. Ver{\"a}nderte Aufgaben, wegbrechende Einnahmen und die neue Schuldenregel zwingen die {\"o}ffentliche Hand zu Sparmaßnahmen. Allein auf Bundesebene m{\"u}ssen bis 2016 j{\"a}hrlich 10 Milliarden Euro eingespart werden. Die F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte der Verwaltung sind sich dieser schwierigen Aufgabe bewusst: Eine k{\"u}rzlich durchgef{\"u}hrte F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ftebefragung in der staatlichen Verwaltung in Deutschland hat klar gezeigt, dass budget{\"a}rer Druck als die wichtigste Herausforderung der n{\"a}chsten Dekade gesehen wird.}, language = {de} } @article{Hammerschmid, author = {Hammerschmid, Gerhard}, title = {Verwaltungsmodernisierung auf Bundesebene: Quo vadis?}, series = {Public Governance: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliches Management}, volume = {7}, journal = {Public Governance: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliches Management}, number = {3}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r den {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1866-4431}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-6694}, pages = {20 -- 21}, abstract = {Wahlen und Regierungswechsel sind ein guter Zeitpunkt, um Res{\"u}mee zu ziehen und sich neuer Herausforderungen bewusst zu werden. Im Hinblick auf die in den letzten Jahren etwas ins Hintertreffen geratene Verwaltungsmodernisierung f{\"a}llt die Beurteilung der letzten Monate jedoch eher ern{\"u}chternd aus.}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldPerelliHarrisSigleRushtonetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Perelli-Harris, Brienna and Sigle-Rushton, Wendy and Lappegard, Trude and Berghammer, Caroline and Keizer, Renske}, title = {The educational gradient of nonmarital childbearing in Europe}, series = {Population and Development Review}, volume = {36}, journal = {Population and Development Review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken (NJ) [u.a.]}, issn = {0098-7921}, pages = {775 -- 801}, abstract = {Nearly every European Country has experienced some increase in nonmarital childbearing, largely due to increasing births within cohabitation. Relatively few studies in Europe, however, investigate the educational gradient of childbearing within cohabitation or how it changed over time. Using retrospective union and fertility histories, we employ competing risk hazard models to examine the educational gradient of childbearing in cohabitation in eight countries across europe. In all countries studied, birth risks within cohabitation demonstrated a negative educational gradient. When directly comparing cohabiting fertility with marital fertility, the negative educational gradient persists in all countries except Italy, although differences were not significant in Austria, France, and West Germany. To explain these findings, we present an alternative explanation for the increase in childbearing within cohabitation that goes beyond the explanation of the Second Demographic Transition and provides a new interpretation of the underlying mechanisms that may influence childbearing within cohabitation.}, language = {en} } @article{Kreyenfeld, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Uncertainties in female employment careers and the postponement of parenthood in Germany}, series = {European Sociological Review}, volume = {26}, journal = {European Sociological Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0266-7215}, doi = {10.1093/esr/jcp026}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9661}, pages = {351 -- 366}, abstract = {This paper investigates whether uncertainties in female employment careers result in a postponement of family formation. Data for this analysis comes from the German Socio-Economic Panel, which provides longitudinal information on economic uncertainty and fertility for the period 1984 to 2006. We employ objective measures of uncertainty (unemployment) as well as subjective measures (whether the respondent is worried about her economic situation, whether she is worried about the security of her job). We find little evidence that uncertainties in female employment careers generally lead to a postponement of parenthood. Hence, the relationship between economic uncertainty and first birth varies by level of education. While more highly educated postpone parenthood when subject to employment uncertainties, women with low levels of education often respond to these situations by becoming mothers.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {The growing educational divide in mother's employment: An investigation based on the German micro-censuses 1976-2004}, series = {Work, Employment and Society}, volume = {24}, journal = {Work, Employment and Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Los Angeles [u.a.]}, issn = {0950-0170}, doi = {10.1177/0950017010362140}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9678}, pages = {260 -- 278}, abstract = {This article investigates whether the increase in the labour force participation of mothers in western Germany has been accompanied by growing social inequalities in maternal employment. The focus is on education-related differences in full-time, part-time and marginal employment, and, in particular, changes therein over time. It is assumed that worsening labour market opportunities for the less educated and a 'familialistic' social policy context have resulted in growing differentials in mothers' employment by education. Data from the scientific use files of the German micro-censuses for the years 1976 to 2004 show that the part-time and marginal employment rates of mothers have increased, while full-time employment rates have declined. Reductions in full-time employment are most pronounced among less educated mothers, resulting in growing educational differences in the employment of mothers.}, language = {en} } @article{WegrichDoehler, author = {Wegrich, Kai and D{\"o}hler, Marian}, title = {Regulierung als Konzept und Instrument moderner Staatst{\"a}tigkeit}, series = {dms: Der moderne Staat}, volume = {3}, journal = {dms: Der moderne Staat}, number = {1}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Leverkusen}, issn = {1865-7192}, pages = {31 -- 52}, abstract = {Unter „Regulierung" versteht man prim{\"a}r staatliche Eingriffe, die im {\"o}ffentlichen Interesse sowohl Marktversagen korrigieren wie auch zivilisatorische Risiken mindern sollen. Der Begriff ist ein Import aus dem angels{\"a}chsischen Sprachraum und hat sich vor allem durch die EU auch in der bundesdeutschen Politik ausgebreitet. Gleichwohl gibt es hierzulande noch kein einheitliches Begriffsverst{\"a}ndnis. Regulierung wird nicht nur in verschiedenen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen mit unterschiedlichem Bedeutungsgehalt gef{\"u}llt, sondern ist auch in der politischen Praxis ein ausdeutungsf{\"a}higes Konzept. Der Aufsatz nimmt die so entstandenen Unklarheiten zum Anlass, um die verschiedenen Teildiskurse {\"u}ber Regulierung sowie die spezifisch deutsche Rezeption des Begriffes nachzuzeichnen. Die zentrale These lautet, dass Unterschiede nicht einfach „wegdefiniert" werden k{\"o}nnen, sondern eine verwirrungsfreie Verwendung des Regulierungsbegriffs nur dann m{\"o}glich ist, wenn der jeweilige analytische oder auch praktische Verwendungskontext reflektiert und transparent gemacht wird.}, language = {de} } @article{WegrichLodgeMcElroy, author = {Wegrich, Kai and Lodge, Martin and McElroy, Gail}, title = {Dodgy kebabs everywhere? : Variety of Worldviews and Regulatory Change}, series = {Public Administration}, volume = {88}, journal = {Public Administration}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1467-9299}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01811.x}, pages = {247 -- 266}, abstract = {In the study of risk regulation, grid-group cultural theory has attracted considerable interest. There has, however, been a lack of a systematic interest in its claims and in methodological issues. In this article, we present five claims that are drawn from cultural theory and assess them in the light of failure in meat inspections in Germany. These claims are assessed through the analysis of argumentation as recorded in newspapers. In the light of its empirical findings, this article argues that the claims and methodology employed offer a promising avenue for further work to investigate the usefulness of this particular theoretical approach.}, language = {en} }