@incollection{HasselvonVerschuer, author = {Hassel, Anke and von Verschuer, Sophia}, title = {Das Paradox der europ{\"a}ischen Mitbestimmung}, series = {Strategische Personalarbeit in der Transformation: Partizipation und Mitbestimmung f{\"u}r ein erfolgreiches HRM}, booktitle = {Strategische Personalarbeit in der Transformation: Partizipation und Mitbestimmung f{\"u}r ein erfolgreiches HRM}, editor = {Gr{\"o}bel, Rainer and Dransfeld-Haase, Inga}, publisher = {Bund-Verlag}, address = {Frankfurt}, isbn = {978-3-7663-7156-0}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {757 -- 772}, abstract = {Die Personalarbeit hat sich stark ver{\"a}ndert. Pr{\"a}gend sind der demografische Wandel, neue Werte in der Arbeitswelt und technologische Transformationen, die Unternehmen, Personalabteilungen und Mitbestimmungsakteure herausfordern. Eine konstruktive Zusammenarbeit zwischen Personal- und Mitbestimmungsverantwortlichen ist - so die Botschaft dieses Buchs - der Schl{\"u}ssel f{\"u}r gute und breit akzeptierte L{\"o}sungen. Wissenschaftliche Analysen und Praxisbeispiele zeigen, dass Mitbestimmung auf Augenh{\"o}he die Zufriedenheit der Besch{\"a}ftigten erh{\"o}ht und zu einer besseren wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und {\"o}kologischen Nachhaltigkeit f{\"u}hrt. Dieses Buch er{\"o}ffnet durch seinen Dreiklang aus Wissenschaft, Arbeitgeber- und Arbeitnehmersicht neue Perspektiven f{\"u}r die strategische Personalarbeit. Die praktischen Empfehlungen greifen dabei auf betriebliche Beispiele zur{\"u}ck, in denen Personalverantwortliche und Akteure der Mitbestimmung {\"u}ber H{\"u}rden und Erfolge im beruflichen Alltag berichten. Leserinnen und Leser gewinnen so wertvolle Denkanst{\"o}ße und erhalten Gestaltungsimpulse f{\"u}r das weite Feld von Personalarbeit und Mitbestimmung.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HasselSchroeder, author = {Hassel, Anke and Schr{\"o}der, Wolfgang}, title = {Gewerkschaftliche Mitgliederpolitik vor neuen Herausforderungen}, series = {Innovation im Wohlfahrtsstaat: Neue Ideen f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Politik. Festschrift f{\"u}r Josef Schmid (Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik, Bd.24)}, volume = {24}, booktitle = {Innovation im Wohlfahrtsstaat: Neue Ideen f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Politik. Festschrift f{\"u}r Josef Schmid (Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik, Bd.24)}, editor = {Buhr, Daniel and Frankenberger, Rolf and Schroeder, Wolfgang and Zolleis, Udo}, publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-8134-8}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {99 -- 122}, language = {de} } @incollection{DempseyMcBrideHaatajaetal., author = {Dempsey, Mark and McBride, Keegan and Haataja, Meeri and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence}, series = {The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance}, booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780197579329}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.16}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {The rapid pace of technological advancement and innovation has put existing governance and regulatory mechanisms to the test. There is a clear need for new and innovative regulatory mechanisms that enable governments to successfully manage the integration of digital technologies into our societies, and to ensure that such integration occurs in a sustainable, beneficial, and just manner. Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most debated of such innovations. What exactly is it, how should it be built and deployed, how can it be used, and how should it be regulated? Yet across the period of this debate, AI is becoming widely used and addressed within existing, evolving, and bespoke regulatory contexts. The present chapter explores the extant governance of AI and, in particular, what is arguably the most successful AI regulatory approach to date, that of the European Union. The chapter explores core definitional concepts, shared understandings, values, and approaches currently in play. It argues that not only are the Union's regulations locally effective, but, due to the so-called "Brussels effect," regulatory initiatives within the European Union also have a much broader global impact. As such, they warrant close consideration.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Wer organisiert die Zivilgesellschaft?}, series = {Community Organizing}, booktitle = {Community Organizing}, editor = {Meier, Tobias and Penta, Leo and Richter, Andreas}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6804-7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {104 -- 111}, language = {de} } @incollection{GrafPowell, author = {Graf, Lukas and Powell, Justin J.W.}, title = {The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries?}, series = {Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education}, booktitle = {Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education}, editor = {Knight, Elizabeth and Bathmaker, Ann-Marie and Moodie, Gavin and Orr, Kevin and Webb, Susan and Wheelahan, Leesa}, publisher = {Palgrave}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-84502-5_7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {125 -- 144}, abstract = {Higher education is typically viewed as offering the most assured pathways to secure careers and low unemployment rates. Yet, increasingly some groups, not least higher education graduates and their families paying ever-higher tuition fees, question the taken-for-granted contributions higher education makes to individuals and society. While participation rates have climbed worldwide, higher education systems continue to produce winners and losers. In the face of such challenges globally, which alternatives exist? A prominent possibility, pioneered in Germany, is 'dual study' programmes. These programmes fully integrate phases of higher education study and paid work in firms, illustrating how employer interests and investments are (re)shaping advanced skill formation. Co-developed and co-financed by employers, they could ameliorate the global trend towards saddling students with ever-higher education costs and student debt. Grounded in neo-institutional analysis, expert interviews, and document analysis, we analyse the genesis and rapid expansion of dual study programmes, emphasizing the role of employer interests and highlighting distributional conflicts in the new politics of advanced skill formation. Furthermore, we discuss lessons other countries might glean from a new form of work-based higher education in Germany. Reference: Graf, L./Powell, J.J.W. (2022) The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries? In: Knight, E./Bathmaker, A-M./Moodie, G./Orr, K./Webb, S./Wheelahan, L. (Eds.) Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education. London, Palgrave, 125-144.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {UN treaty body views: a distinct pathway to UN human rights treaty impact?}, series = {A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns}, booktitle = {A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns}, publisher = {Pretoria University Law Press (PULP)}, address = {Pretoria}, isbn = {9781991213143}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {443 -- 459}, language = {en} } @incollection{CalıTurkut, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Turkut, Emre}, title = {Turkey: Pandemic Governance and Executive Aggrandisement}, series = {Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic}, booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781032078854}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic not only ravaged human bodies but also had profound and possibly enduring effects on the health of political and legal systems, economies and societies. Almost overnight, governments imposed the severest restrictions in modern times on rights and freedoms, elections, parliaments and courts. Legal and political institutions struggled to adapt, creating a catalyst for democratic decline and catastrophic increases in poverty and inequality. This handbook analyses the global pandemic response through five themes: governance and democracy; human rights; the rule of law; science, public trust and decision making; and states of emergency and exception. Containing 12 thematic commentaries and 25 chapters on countries of diverse size, wealth and experience of COVID-19, it represents the combined effort of more than 50 contributors, including leading scholars and rising voices in the fields of constitutional, international, public health, human rights and comparative law, as well as political science, and science and technology studies. Taking stock after the onset of global emergency, this book provides essential analysis for politicians, policy-makers, jurists, civil society organisations, academics, students and practitioners at both national and international level on the best, and most concerning, practices adopted in response to COVID-19 - and key insights into how states and multilateral institutions should reform, adapt and prepare for future emergencies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Sprache und Kommunikation in der Politik}, series = {Sprache in Politik und Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Sprache in Politik und Gesellschaft}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Wien}, doi = {10.1515/9783110774306-004}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {35 -- 40}, abstract = {Kommunikation zwischen Regierenden und Regierten ist eine notwendige Bedingung f{\"u}r repr{\"a}sentative Demokratien. B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger m{\"u}ssen wissen, wof{\"u}r Parteien und Kandidaten stehen. Gleichzeitig m{\"u}ssen diese {\"u}ber Interessen und Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Bev{\"o}lkerung informiert sein. Kurzum: ohne Kommunikation funktioniert repr{\"a}sentative Demokratie nicht. Politik und politische Kommunikation sind f{\"u}r die allermeisten von uns aber nicht unmittelbar, sondern nur mittelbar erfahrbar - hier spielen die Medien als „Fenster zur Welt" eine zentrale Rolle. In aller K{\"u}rze werden wir uns der Bedeutung der medialen Ver{\"a}nderung (Radio, Fernsehen, Internet, soziale Medien) f{\"u}r die politische Kommunikation n{\"a}hern. Hierum geht es in einem ersten Teil meines Beitrags. Daran anschließend, im zweiten Teil: Streit! Die politische Auseinandersetzung als Herzst{\"u}ck der Demokratie und besondere Form der Kommunikation. Hart in der Sache, anst{\"a}ndig im Ton um die beste politische L{\"o}sung ringen - so der Idealfall. Doch wo findet diese Auseinandersetzung statt? Im dritten Teil des Beitrags wird das Konzept der {\"O}ffentlichkeit genauer beleuchtet. Vor wenigen Jahrzehnten unterhielt man sich {\"u}ber dieselbe Sendung, die man am Abend davor gesehen hatte - das „rituelle Zusammensein der Nation". Heute leben wir in geteilten und getrennten {\"O}ffentlichkeiten. Filterbubbles, Echokammern. Welche Auswirkungen lassen sich daraus f{\"u}r die demokratische Debatte und die politische Kommunikation ableiten? Im vierten Abschnitt widmet sich der Beitrag großen Fragen, ohne abschließende Antworten zu liefern: Braucht es Regulierung? Kann Kommunikation {\"u}berhaupt reguliert werden? Und von wem?}, language = {de} } @incollection{Auz, author = {Auz, Juan}, title = {Two Reputed Allies: Reconciling Climate Justice and Litigation in the Global South}, series = {Litigating the Climate Emergency: How Human Rights, Courts, and Legal Mobilization Can Bolster Climate Action}, booktitle = {Litigating the Climate Emergency: How Human Rights, Courts, and Legal Mobilization Can Bolster Climate Action}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781009106214}, doi = {10.1017/9781009106214.009}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {145 -- 156}, abstract = {Climate litigation in the Global South is a novel and increasingly prominent phenomenon that prompted a first wave of scholarly work examining and systematizing its main features. Despite the rigour that these academic accounts apply to assessing the main legal arguments of both litigants and courts, they fail to address the possible tensions between climate justice and the consequences of a domestic court decision in developing nations that did not substantially contribute to the climate crisis. This piece aims to fill that gap by using case law from the Global South to examine challenges around remedies, which will underscore the tensions between climate justice and litigation. Thereafter, this piece, drawing from international norms, advocates for the recognition of a duty of international cooperation, which can inform future courts' orders in climate cases in both the Global North and the Global South. This normative exercise provides the basis to reconcile climate litigation in the Global South with climate justice, two reputed allies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BobićDawson, author = {Bobić, Ana and Dawson, Mark}, title = {How can law contribute to accountability in EU monetary policy?}, series = {The Cambridge Handbook on European Monetary, Economic and Financial Market Integration}, booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook on European Monetary, Economic and Financial Market Integration}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bobić, author = {Bobić, Ana}, title = {Forging Identity-Based Constructive Constitutional Conflict in the European Union}, series = {Autonomy without collapse in a better European Union}, booktitle = {Autonomy without collapse in a better European Union}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192897541. 9780192651976. 9780192651983}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Bundestagswahl 2021}, series = {{\"O}sterreichisches Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Politik 2021}, booktitle = {{\"O}sterreichisches Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Politik 2021}, publisher = {B{\"o}hlau / Politische Akademie}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-205-21514-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {117 -- 124}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hustedt, author = {Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Ministerial advisory systems and politics}, series = {Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration}, booktitle = {Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration}, editor = {Ladner, Andreas and Sager, Fritz}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109447.00015}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {93 -- 101}, abstract = {Ministerial advisors are by now established actors at the apex of ministerial departments in many countries around the globe. They advanced to close and often the most intimate advisors to government ministers and other executive politicians and are often the only actors in the ministries allowed to provide political advice. Also, they are often closely involved in the coordination of government coalition politics alongside party-political lines and coordinate between the ministry and the party headquarter. While they, in general, fulfil a much more political role (compared to civil servants), their role and working conditions vary. The chapter looks into different types of ministerial advisory systems, their institutionalization, working dynamics and in particular their role as political advisors. And even though ministerial advisors have received considerable attention by public administration scholars for around two decades, their position has not been accounted for in general public administration or policy process theory. The chapter revises the current literature on the emergence and role of advisors in theoretical, conceptual and empirical regards to provide a state-of-the-art overview of variation in ministerial advisory systems.}, language = {en} } @incollection{DariusStephany, author = {Darius, Philipp and Stephany, Fabian}, title = {How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: 'Hashjacking' as a Disinformation Strategy in Times of COVID-19}, series = {Complex Networks \& Their Applications X. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1016}, booktitle = {Complex Networks \& Their Applications X. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1016}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-93413-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_9}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {100 -- 111}, abstract = {Twitter influences political debates. Phenomena like fake news and hate speech show that political discourses on social platforms can become strongly polarised by algorithmic enforcement of selective perception. Some political actors actively employ strategies to facilitate polarisation on Twitter, as past contributions show, via strategies of 'hashjacking'(The use of someone else's hashtag in order to promote one's own social media agenda.). For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative f{\"u}r Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of 'hashjacking' in May 2020. Our findings indicate that polarisation of political party hashtags has not changed significantly in the last two years. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by 'hashjacking' COVID-19 related hashtags, like \#CoronaVirusDE or \#FlattenTheCurve. This polarisation strategy is dominated by the activity of a limited set of heavy users. The results underline the necessity to understand the dynamics of discourse polarisation, as an active political communication strategy of the far-right, by only a handful of very active accounts.}, language = {en} } @incollection{McBrideKupiBryson, author = {McBride, Keegan and Kupi, Maximilian and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Untangling Agile Government: On the Dual Necessities of Structure and Agility}, series = {Agile Government: Emerging Perspectives in Public Management}, booktitle = {Agile Government: Emerging Perspectives in Public Management}, editor = {Stephens, Melodena and Awamleh, Raed and Salem, Fadi}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, address = {Singapur}, isbn = {9789811239694}, doi = {10.1142/9789811239700_0002}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {300}, abstract = {The governments of today are not able to transform and adapt to changes in the world around them, as demanded by their constituents. The nature of work, value of public goods, and the constant bombardment of crises are making the old bureaucratic structures obsolete. Agile Government is an emerging theme, that of government-wide reinvention for adaptiveness and responsiveness. It places the accountability, delivery, capture, design and creation of public value at the heart of the government. The concept of agile government is confused with terms like Agile Manifesto, agile governance, agility among others, and because of this, needs some unpacking. This book is a deep dive into this topic. It offers insights from the theoretical development of the topic of agile government, some lessons from government practices around the world, and ongoing academic and policy research. The project is spearheaded by the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government, which is the first teaching and research institution in the Arab world focusing on public policy and governance.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Regional protection}, series = {International Human Rights Law}, booktitle = {International Human Rights Law}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {978-0198860112}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Written by leading experts in the field, this compelling textbook explores the essentials of international human rights law, from foundational issues to substantive rights and systems of protection. A variety of perspectives bring this multifaceted and sometimes contentious subject to life, making International Human Rights Law the ideal companion for students of human rights.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BernhardGraf, author = {Bernhard, Nadine and Graf, Lukas}, title = {Enhancing Permeability through Cooperation: The Case of Vocational and Academic Worlds of Learning in the Knowledge Economy}, series = {Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy}, booktitle = {Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy}, editor = {Bonoli, Giuliano and Emmenegger, Patrick}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192866257}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {281 -- 307}, abstract = {Interest in collective skill formation systems has been high for a long time, but recent structural economic and societal developments have led commentators to question their viability. In particular, the shift towards a knowledge economy creates a number of challenges for these highly praised systems of vocational training. These challenges relate to the growing importance of knowledge intensive production in advanced economies and with the accelerated pace of change due to innovation and globalization. What is more, these issues are compounded by coinciding developments in growing inequality and the emergence of multicultural societies. Can collective skill formation systems adapt fast enough to the needs of the knowledge economy? Can they continue to be as successful as they have been in the past in integrating youth in the labour market? Will employers be willing to participate in the delivery of vocational training in this new context? In this book, a world class team of leading experts on collective skill formation systems provide a thorough discussion of these and other questions raised by the shift to a knowledge economy. The book argues that collective skill formation systems remain attractive for firms and governments. However, continuous and profound adjustments will be needed if they are to fulfil their objectives in terms of equity and efficiency.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GrafLohse, author = {Graf, Lukas and Lohse, Anna Prisca}, title = {Analyzing Vocational Education and Training Systems through the Lens of Political Science.}, series = {Internationales Handbuch der Berufsbildung. Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung - Ergebnisse und Perspektiven aus Theorie und Empirie. Jubil{\"a}umsausgabe des Internationalen Handbuchs der Berufsbildung.}, volume = {56}, booktitle = {Internationales Handbuch der Berufsbildung. Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung - Ergebnisse und Perspektiven aus Theorie und Empirie. Jubil{\"a}umsausgabe des Internationalen Handbuchs der Berufsbildung.}, editor = {Grollmann, Philipp and Frommberger, Dietmar and Deißinger, Thomas and Lauterbach, Uwe and Pilz, Matthias and Schr{\"o}der, Thomas and Sp{\"o}ttl, Georg}, publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich}, address = {Leverkusen}, isbn = {978-3-8474-2676-9, 978-3-96208-334-2}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {123 -- 141}, abstract = {Seit 1995 werden im Internationalen Handbuch der Berufsbildung (IHBB) wissenschaftliche L{\"a}nderstudien zu den weltweiten Berufsbildungssystemen publiziert. Das IHBB ist ein Standardwerk f{\"u}r diejenigen, die sich f{\"u}r die Berufsbildung in anderen L{\"a}ndern interessieren. Dieser Jubil{\"a}umsband zum 25-j{\"a}hrigen Bestehen des IHBB stellt aktuelle Befunde zu unterschiedlichen Themen und Fragestellungen aus der Vergleichenden Berufsbildungsforschung vor. Die Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung zielt darauf ab, Merkmale und Prinzipien der Berufsbildung in verschiedenen nationalen und kulturellen Kontexten zu beschreiben, zu verstehen und zu erkl{\"a}ren. Deutlich st{\"a}rker als die allgemeine oder hochschulische Bildung ist die Berufsbildung aus internationaler Perspektive von großen Unterschieden gepr{\"a}gt. Doch zugleich kann die Annahme formuliert werden, dass sich die Merkmale und Prinzipien der Berufsbildung im Zuge der wachsenden Globalisierung, Internationalisierung und Europ{\"a}isierung tendenziell ann{\"a}hern - wie in anderen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen auch. Der Blick auf die Berufsbildung erfolgt aus diversen wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven, aus Erziehungs- und Berufsbildungswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Mit dieser Auswahl wird einem inter- und multidisziplin{\"a}ren Verst{\"a}ndnis Vergleichender Berufsbildungsforschung Rechnung getragen. Der vorliegende Sammelband schließt damit den Kreis zu den Beitr{\"a}gen zu Methoden und Theorien des Vergleichs aus der Anfangszeit des Handbuchs.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BoisDawson, author = {Bois, Julien and Dawson, Mark}, title = {Chapter 7: Sociological institutionalism as a lens to study judicialization: a bridge between legal scholarship and political science}, series = {The Politics of European Legal Research}, booktitle = {The Politics of European Legal Research}, isbn = {9781802201185}, doi = {10.4337/9781802201192.00014}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {94 -- 108}, abstract = {Judicialization - and the influence of trans-national Courts - seems a perfect object of study for inter-disciplinary research and a potential spur for methodological innovation. In the case of the European Courts, however, this chapter argues that divides between law and political science have impeded the developments of accounts of judicialization able to take both the legal and political aspects of judicial activity seriously. The chapter discusses sociological institutionalism as an alternative approach to judicialisation. By stressing the importance of legal norms in structuring the 'space' for legal agency while abstaining from the assumption that norms apply equally in all situations, sociological institutionalism provides an inter- disciplinary framework for the study of Courts able to act as a bridge between both disciplines. As the chapter will conclude, while institutionalist approaches are complex and time-consuming, their focus on the language, ideas and cultural assumptions of actors and institutions provide a compelling method for the study of judicial behaviour.}, language = {en} } @incollection{DawsonJachtenfuchs, author = {Dawson, Mark and Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, title = {Autonomy without Collapse? Towards a Better European Union.}, series = {Autonomy without Collapse in a Better European Union}, booktitle = {Autonomy without Collapse in a Better European Union}, editor = {Dawson, Mark and Jachtenfuchs, Markus}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780192897541}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {3 -- 20}, language = {en} } @incollection{vandenBrink, author = {van den Brink, Martijn}, title = {The relationship between national and EU citizenship: What is it and what should it be?}, series = {Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy. Navigating Challenges and Crises.}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy. Navigating Challenges and Crises.}, editor = {Daniel, Thym and Dora, Kostakopoulou}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {978 1 78897 289 5}, doi = {10.4337/9781788972901}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {100 -- 114}, abstract = {In this chapter, Martijn van den Brink discusses two questions: what is the relationship between national and EU citizenship legally speaking, and what should it be normatively speaking? While often conflated, these questions must be considered independently of each other. He argues first that EU law is not even capable of justifying the very minimal restrictions CJEU case law has imposed on the authority of Member States to determine the rules on the acquisition and loss of national citizenship. It certainly cannot justify more far-reaching restrictions such as outlawing investor citizenship or allowing UK nationals to retain their EU citizenship. Normatively speaking, however, Martijn van den Brink makes the case for giving the EU greater influence over the conditions relating to the loss and acquisition of national and EU citizenship, in particular to ensure that third-country nationals with social ties to their society of residence have a credible path to citizenship.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Sozialstruktur und Familienformen}, series = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, editor = {Hill, Paul B. and Kopp, Johannes}, publisher = {Springer VS}, isbn = {978-3-658-02276-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_12}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {345 -- 373}, abstract = {Der Beitrag beschreibt die Grundz{\"u}ge des sozialstrukturellen Wandels der Lebensformen in Deutschland. Zun{\"a}chst werden Konzepte und theoretische Ans{\"a}tze zur Erkl{\"a}rung von Lebensformen und familialen Verhaltensweisen skizziert. Anschließend werden Strukturen und Wandel der Lebens- und Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland nach 1990 auf der Grundlage des Mikrozensus und des deutschen Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) empirisch untersucht. Dargestellt werden die altersspezifische Verteilung der Lebensformen, der Wandel der Familienformen von Frauen und M{\"a}nnern seit den 1990er Jahren sowie bildungsspezifische Entwicklungen. Weiterhin beleuchtet der Artikel an den Beispielen des {\"U}bergangs zur Mutterschaft und der nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft die kohortenspezifi sche Lebenslaufdynamik von Familienformen. Schließlich wird mit Stieff amilien ein in der empirischen Forschung bislang wenig untersuchter Aspekt der Differenzierung der Familienformen aufgegriffen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HundehegeHustedt, author = {Hundehege, Anna and Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {On a Wild Goose Chase? The (Core) Executive in Germany}, series = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, booktitle = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, editor = {Kolltveit, Kristoffer and Shaw, Richard}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {165 -- 187}, abstract = {Searching for the centre of power in the German political system can be a cumbersome endeavour due to the strong separation of powers rooted in German history. Considering both formal and informal institutions, this chapter analyses the current state of the core executive in Germany at the end of the 'era Merkel'. It outlines the German institutional setting with the role of the chancellor and the chancellery, defines main characteristics of politico-administrative relations and mechanisms of government coordination and discusses changes in the distribution of power related to recent developments of crisis management, Europeanisation and summitry, and personalisation and mediatisation. The analysis shows that the steering capacity of the German core executive is institutionally limited due to the strong coordination requirements stemming from administrative federalism, coalition governments and the strong departmental principle. Accordingly, the German core executive is no strong centre of power despite the international developments that have contributed to centralisation in many countries. The German core executive remains remarkably stable in formal terms and in international comparison despite some short-term power shifts in reaction to a changing environment.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BrindeHustedtHoulbergSalomonsen, author = {Brinde, Erik and Hustedt, Thurid and Houlberg Salomonsen, Heidi}, title = {The Swedish Executive: Centralising from Afar}, series = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, booktitle = {Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times}, editor = {Kolltveit, Kristoffer and Shaw, Richard}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_9}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {211 -- 233}, abstract = {With its constitutional separation of power between the executive and administration, over the years Sweden has frequently been held up as a shining example of modern state governance. However, recent decades of internationalising politics, EU membership and growing public-sector complexities have placed greater demands on the Swedish executive. In recent years, the established governance system has changed in several respects. First, the previously highly decentralised system has become more centralised and central-local relations remain tense. Second, at the central level, the government has sought to increase control through politicisation. Third, Swedish pandemic policy highlighted the promises and pitfalls of 'Swedish dualism'. And fourth, government communication has become ever more mediatised. In consequence, the chapter concludes that what from the outside looks like an exemplar of meritocratic democracy is rather a tactically flexible realpolitik built on interpretive ambiguities in the constitution—providing the Swedish executive with much-needed responsiveness in times of significant change, but also the veil for greater centralisation and control from afar.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldSprengholzSchieckoff, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Sprengholz, Maximilian and Schieckoff, Bentley}, title = {Frauen. Arbeit mit Hindernissen}, series = {Atlas der Migration: Neue Daten und Fakten {\"u}ber Menschen in Bewegung}, booktitle = {Atlas der Migration: Neue Daten und Fakten {\"u}ber Menschen in Bewegung}, editor = {Bussemer, Johanna and Albrecht, Franziska and Riethm{\"u}ller, Dorit and Jakob, Christian}, publisher = {Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {42 -- 43}, language = {de} } @incollection{MouzourakisCostello, author = {Mouzourakis, Minos and Costello, Cathryn}, title = {Effective judicial protection of migrants and refugees? The role of Europes supranational courts in protecting and generating rights}, series = {Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law}, editor = {Tsourdi, Evangelia and De Bruycker, Philippe}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, isbn = {9781786439628}, doi = {10.4337/9781786439635.00010}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {79 -- 97}, abstract = {This chapter examines the caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on access to protection, the Dublin system and presumptions of 'safety', and detention, in order to provide critical insights into the concept of effective judicial protection in Europe since the so-called 'refugee crisis' of 2015. The two courts have not provided effective protection in a transformative sense, in that they have not adopted progressive rulings to overcome the crisis-inducing elements of European asylum and migration law. Instead, they have deferred to governmental accounts of 'crisis' and accepted dubious factual and legal arguments. Against this backdrop, we note that the need for effective judicial protection in even a minimal sense, to hold the line on the most basic of rights in this field - protection against refoulement and arbitrary detention - is more acute than ever, and may also be in decline.}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuintarelliMisuracaDeBiaseetal., author = {Quintarelli, Stefano and Misuraca, Gianluca and De Biase, Luca and McBride, Keegan}, title = {The Information Society and the Future of Digital Well-being}, series = {Global Happiness and Well-being Policy Report 2022}, booktitle = {Global Happiness and Well-being Policy Report 2022}, publisher = {Sustainable Development Solutions Network}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-7348080-3-2}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {115 -- 133}, language = {en} } @incollection{McBrideMisnikovDraheim, author = {McBride, Keegan and Misnikov, Yuri and Draheim, Dirk}, title = {Discussing the foundations for interpretivist digital government research}, series = {Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Concepts, Approaches and Challenges}, booktitle = {Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Concepts, Approaches and Challenges}, editor = {Charalabidis, Yannis and Flak, Leif Skiftenes and Viale Pereira, Gabriela}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-92945-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_6}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {121 -- 147}, abstract = {As the research domain of digital government continues to develop as an important body of scholarly research, it is important to understand the core theoretical and philosophical basis of the discipline. Yet, in the domain of digital government, such an understanding does not exist. Therefore, there is currently a need for critical discussion about the concrete role of research philosophy in digital government research. This paper makes a first step in driving such a discussion by presenting arguments and discussion on the relevance of an interpretivist research philosophy for the domain of digital government. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of an interpretivist ontology and epistemology for digital government, discusses relevant theories and methods, and concludes with an overview of what is essential for conducting and carrying out interpretivist digital government research. This paper's contributions represent one of the first concentrated efforts to lay out initial foundations for the role of interpretivism, and research philosophy more generally, for digital government research.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EickeEickeHafner, author = {Eicke, Anselm and Eicke, Laima and Hafner, Manfred}, title = {Wind Power Generation}, series = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, booktitle = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, editor = {Hafner, Manfred and Luciani, Giacomo}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_10}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {171 -- 182}, abstract = {Wind power plays a major role in the decarbonization of the power sector. Already now, it supplies increasing shares of the global energy demand. This book chapter provides an overview on the economics of wind energy and highlight global trends in the wind sector. It describes the technical characteristics of onshore and offshore wind energy and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of the respective technologies. The authors describe how wind power, as an intermittent source of energy, can be integrated into power systems. They also discuss how renewable energy support schemes contribute in fostering the deployment of wind power.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EickeEickeHafner, author = {Eicke, Laima and Eicke, Anselm and Hafner, Manfred}, title = {Solar Power Generation}, series = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, booktitle = {The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics}, editor = {Hafner, Manfred and Luciani, Giacomo}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_9}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {157 -- 169}, abstract = {Solar energy supplies increasing shares of global energy demand. As a renewable source of energy, it will play a major role in decarbonizing electricity supply. This chapter provides an overview on the solar sector from an economic perspective. It describes the technical characteristics of photovoltaic and concentrated solar power and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of solar energy. The authors highlight trends in the solar sector and elaborate on how this intermittent source of energy can be integrated into a power system. They conclude with a discussion on how renewable energy support schemes can be designed to foster the deployment of solar power by accounting for the specific characteristics of solar power.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MenaCavotta, author = {Mena, S{\´e}bastien and Cavotta, Valeria}, title = {Towards a Relational Understanding of the Impact of Organisational Pro-Social Activities}, series = {The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility}, booktitle = {The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility}, editor = {Kudłak, Robert and Barkemeyer, Ralf and Preuss, Lutz and Heikkinen, Anna}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781003182276}, doi = {10.4324/9781003182276}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Future of the Liberal Order and the Great Questions of Our Time}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 18}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Conclusion: The Future of the Liberal Order}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {265 -- 278}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierFilip, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {How to Square the Circle Between Economic Globalization, Social Cohesion, and Liberal Democracy?}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {21 -- 44}, language = {en} } @incollection{BuenderRathertMair, author = {B{\"u}nder, Tobias and Rathert, Nikolas and Mair, Johanna}, title = {Understanding firm- and field-level change toward sustainable development: insights from the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines, 1960‒2020}, series = {Handbook on the Business of Sustainability}, booktitle = {Handbook on the Business of Sustainability}, editor = {George, Gerard and Haas, Martine and Joshi, Havovi and McGahan, Anita and Tracey, Paul}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {9781839105333}, doi = {10.4337/9781839105340.00025}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {300 -- 319}, abstract = {Insufficient access to medicines is a persistent global problem that affects billions of people in low- and middle-income countries. In this chapter, we use access to medicines as a case to understand how business can become instrumental in making progress on persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. We examine the emergence and evolution of access to medicines as a mandate for the pharmaceutical industry to contribute to sustainable development. More specifically, we trace the historical developments of corporate social initiatives in the industry and revisit existing research on access to medicines in management and related fields. We then introduce three distinct analytical perspectives - field emergence and change, firm heterogeneity, organizational processes - to examine access to medicine, expose managerial challenges and offer a research agenda that helps to advance research on access to medicines and, more generally, on corporate efforts to address pressing global problems subsumed under the Sustainable Development Goals.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Abels, author = {Abels, Christoph M.}, title = {Am dunkelsten ist die Nacht vor der Dämmerung: Globale Anstrengungen im Kampf gegen Klimawandel und Terrorismus}, series = {Polis180: Europa- und Aussenpolitik 2030: Sechs Szenarien}, booktitle = {Polis180: Europa- und Aussenpolitik 2030: Sechs Szenarien}, publisher = {Polis180 e.V.}, address = {Berlin}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {25 -- 29}, abstract = {Das vorliegende Szenario kombiniert zwei f{\"u}r die Sicherheitspolitik relevante Dimensionen: Der Kampf gegen Klimawandel und Terrorismus. Aufbauend auf den j{\"u}ngsten Ereignissen in S{\"u}deuropa und Afghanistan entwerfen wir ein Szenario, in dem dramatische Geschehnisse erfolgreichen Bem{\"u}hungen vorweggehen - erst der Schock weiterer Niederlagen an beiden Fronten (z.B. die Folgen eines verheerenden Waldbrandes rund um Athen) f{\"u}hrt dazu, dass die internationale Gemeinschaft zu Handeln beginnt und letztlich ambitionierte Maßnahmen ergreift, um beiden Bedrohungen erfolgreich zu begegnen. Die entscheidenden Meilensteine dieses Szenarios werden dabei in Schlagzeilen und kurzen Nachrichten dargestellt. Zum Abschluss werden zwei Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert: Eine F{\"o}rderung von Solarstrom-Pilotprojekten in Nordafrika und der Sahelzone sowie eine Evaluation bestehender Anti-Terror-Strategien vor dem Hintergrund holistischer Pr{\"a}ventionskonzepte.}, language = {de} } @incollection{KajtarCalıMilanovic, author = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, title = {Introduction: Secondary Rules of Primary Importance}, series = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, booktitle = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, editor = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780192869012}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Proving Bad Faith in International Law: Lessons from the Article 18 Case law of the European Court of Human Rights}, series = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, booktitle = {Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, editor = {Kajt{\´a}r, G{\´a}bor and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Milanovic, Marko}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780192869012}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{MartillSus, author = {Martill, Benjamin and Sus, Monika}, title = {Growing Apart Together? Brexit and the Dynamics of Differentiated Disintegration in Security and Defense}, series = {The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union}, booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union}, editor = {Leruth, Benjamin and G{\"a}nzle, Stefan and Trondal, Jarle}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780429054136}, doi = {10.4324/9780429054136-47}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {696 -- 711}, abstract = {Brexit initially raised the prospect of new forms of external differentiation in the European Union (EU), should the United Kingdom continue to participate in a number of the Union's policy areas. Security and defence was one area where agreement on the terms of UK participation was more likely, given the clear interests of both sides in the development of a close partnership in this area. But agreement has been so difficult to reach, and the final Brexit deal makes no mention of collaboration in foreign, security and defence policy. We argue that the key to understanding this puzzle lies in understanding the politics of differentiated disintegration, of which Brexit is the prime example, and the distinction between strategic and political interests. While strategic interests constitute a driver for external differentiation, the political interests arising from the withdrawal process make it difficult to reach an agreement. Divorcing strategic cooperation from the short-term politics of negotiations is the first step to overcoming the stalemate, and this chapter presents several ways this can be achieved. By perceiving Brexit as a case of differentiated disintegration, this chapter accounts for the significant constraints associated with external differentiation as a mode of integration in the EU.}, language = {en} } @incollection{PalmiottoEttorre, author = {Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca}, title = {Tracing Transparency: Public Governance of Algorithms and the Experience of Contact Tracing Apps}, series = {Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe}, booktitle = {Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe}, editor = {De Abreu Duarte, Francisco and Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca}, publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing}, isbn = {9781509955985}, doi = {10.5040/9781509956012.ch-005}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {77 -- 102}, language = {en} } @incollection{Turkut, author = {Turkut, Emre}, title = {The Turkish Post-Coup Emergency and European Responses: Shortcomings in the European System Revisited}, series = {European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022}, booktitle = {European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022}, editor = {Czech, Philip and Heschl, Lisa and Lukas, Karin and Nowak, Manfred and Oberleitner, Gerd}, publisher = {Intersentia}, isbn = {9781839703447}, doi = {10.1017/9781839703447.016}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {445 -- 482}, abstract = {This contribution takes Turkey's use of the derogation mechanism in the aftermath of the failed military coup of 15 July 2016 as a springboard to critically address the operation and the fallacies of the contemporary European derogation regime. The assessment will reveal whether the European system of human rights protection has succeeded in adopting an adequate and viable approach that can counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. The contribution concludes by providing a road map proposal for adequate oversight marked by rigorous scrutiny of derogation claims that can be described as a 'consultation and cooperation process'. This process would place the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in a more active and operationally focused position to influence state decisions, to counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and to formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZieglerVolou, author = {Ziegler, Katja S. and Volou, Aristi}, title = {Human rights and general principles: beyond the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights}, series = {Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law}, editor = {Ziegler, Katja S. and Neuvonen, P{\"a}ivi J. and Moreno-Lax, Violeta}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781784712389}, doi = {10.4337/9781784712389.00027}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {327 -- 349}, abstract = {This chapter discusses the dialectic relationship of general principles and the evolution of human rights in the EU legal order. Human (or fundamental) rights are of specific signifcance for general principles as an area of reference in a number of ways: in regard to the methodology of defining and identifying general principles; their link to constitutional values of the EU, the relationship between different sources of human rights in the EU; the relationship between unwritten general principles and a codified source; the specific, active and multidimensional dynamics of general principles in the context of fundamental rights; the relationship of general principles in the area of fundamental rights with their codification in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights; and their possible continued relevance for courts in adjudicating human rights in the UK in post-Brexit.}, language = {en} } @incollection{PrasadAroraSadhwani, author = {Prasad, Shubha Kamala and Arora, Maneesh and Sadhwani, Sara}, title = {Attitudes of the Indian-American Diaspora towards Politics in India}, series = {Global India}, booktitle = {Global India}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781003305132}, doi = {10.4324/9781003305132-16}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {208 -- 225}, abstract = {Diaspora communities are not homogeneous entities even if they are characterized as such for analytical convenience. Often, members of the diaspora carry their political attitudes from their country of origin, which the next generation might also inherit. Given that political preferences in the country of origin might vary significantly, members of the diaspora should also have different political preferences. To test this variation, we explore the internal cleavages of the Indian-American community using a national sample of 1,003 members of this community. We find significant differences by political identity, religion, age, and state of origin in India on evaluations of politicians and policy in India. Moreover, we find that Indian-Americans are not only divided in their attitudes towards politics in India, but that the same factors predict differences in evaluating both politicians and policy in the United States (US). Our results contribute to our understanding of Indian American attitudes, and also offer clues to how diaspora communities carry their political predispositions with them to their destination country, as well as how the diaspora remains as a vital element in - and stimulus on - Indian foreign policy.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Corruption and Development}, series = {Elgar Encyclopedia of Development}, booktitle = {Elgar Encyclopedia of Development}, editor = {Clarke, Matthew and Zhao, Xinyu (Andy)}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {978 1 80037 211 5}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{SarmientovandenBrink, author = {Sarmiento, Daniel and van den Brink, Martijn}, title = {EU competence and investor migration}, series = {Citizenship and Residence Sales: Rethinking the Boundaries of Belonging}, booktitle = {Citizenship and Residence Sales: Rethinking the Boundaries of Belonging}, editor = {Kochenov, Dimitry and Surak, Kristin}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {9781108492874}, doi = {10.1017/9781108675123.009}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {183 -- 206}, abstract = {In this chapter, we examine the issue of competence to confer residence and citizenship based on a donation or investment in the light of international and European law as they stand today. We show that the national competence to do this is part of the sovereign nature of the modern state, which implies the ability to create a people and delimit the scope of the population granted a right to settle in the national territory, underpinned by rules behind such delimitation. We also explain why investment migration per se cannot be presented as unlawful and outlines the avenues for the eventual disciplining of its offshoots in areas unrelated to migration as such, thus connecting particularly well with Peter Spiro's analysis of relevant international law.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Roemmele, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea}, title = {Die Kompetenzkrise der Medien beginnt im Medienmanagement}, series = {Deep Journalism. Dom{\"a}nenkompetenz als redaktioneller Erfolgsfaktor}, booktitle = {Deep Journalism. Dom{\"a}nenkompetenz als redaktioneller Erfolgsfaktor}, publisher = {Herbert von Halem Verlag}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {9783869626604}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {de} } @incollection{RintamaekiMenaFosteretal., author = {Rintam{\"a}ki, Jukka and Mena, S{\´e}bastien and Foster, William M. and Zundel, Mike}, title = {The interview and researching collective memory}, series = {Handbook of Historical Methods for Management}, booktitle = {Handbook of Historical Methods for Management}, editor = {Decker, Stephanie and Foster, William M. and Giovannoni, Elena}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781800883734}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {412 -- 424}, language = {en} } @incollection{Hustedt, author = {Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Chapter 15: The Continental tradition of ministerial advice: no institutional home for ministerial advisers?}, series = {Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers}, booktitle = {Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers}, editor = {Shaw, Richard}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00025}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {221 -- 231}, abstract = {The chapter examines ministerial advisory structures in Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands and discusses if and how their emergence and roles are linked to the Continental administrative tradition - one which emphasises the rule of law, and a procedural orientation within and political responsiveness of the standing bureaucracy. The chapter reviews the state of the research on ministerial advisers in the three countries and finds various similarities. In all three contexts ministerial advisory positions have emerged: however, they are less formalised and have received less attention than their counterparts in other parts of the world in recent years.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BachHustedt, author = {Bach, Tobias and Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Chapter 23: Policy-making in the executive triangle: a comparative perspective on ministers, advisers, and civil servants}, series = {Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers}, booktitle = {Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers}, editor = {Shaw, Richard}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00034}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {338 -- 351}, abstract = {This chapter seeks to bridge existing research on the politicisation of top civil servants and the roles of ministerial advisers by proposing a new conceptual approach for the comparative analysis of executive policy-making. We conceive of the executive triangle as a set of interdependent relationships between ministers, civil servants, and advisers. Those relationships may take different forms, depending on the distinct tasks performed by each actor and their roles in policy-making, which define mutual expectations. Thus understood, the executive triangle is an institution performing particular functions in policy-making (such as assessing policy alternatives, anticipating political support, and coordinating with other actors both inside and outside government). Those functions are performed by actors within the triangle and reflected in their roles and their direct and indirect relationships. The chapter conceptually explores such a system-perspective on the executive triangle; sketches analytical dimensions for understanding similarities and differences of executive triangles across contexts; provides empirical illustrations of variations of the executive triangle in Europe; and develops a research agenda using this concept to better understand the roles of ministers, ministerial advisers, and top civil servants in executive policy-making in a comparative perspective.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Daub, author = {Daub, Sara}, title = {Diasporas and Proxy Wars}, series = {Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars}, booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars}, editor = {Moghadam, Assaf and Rauta, Vladimir and Wyss, Michel}, edition = {1st}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781003174066}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {This chapter discusses the role of diasporas in connection with proxy wars. It argues that diaspora support differs from external state support in important ways, from the sources and motivations of support to the means and types of support provided. Diasporas are often drawn into the conflict by kinship support or feelings of guilt, and often send foreign fighters or financial support to their kin, rather than direct military support. Diasporas are also more susceptible to pressures by rebel groups to provide support, and their assistance tends to be more reliable than that of state sponsors. Finally, diasporas have greater stakes in reducing harm to civilians than most state supporters and will therefore be inclined to support long-term solutions, including those involving rebel governance.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KayserLeininger, author = {Kayser, Mark A. and Leininger, Arndt}, title = {The Economy and Chancellor Approval in Germany: A Cautionary Tale about Data Vintages and Measurement}, series = {Economics and Politics Revisited: Executive Approval and the New Calculus of Support}, booktitle = {Economics and Politics Revisited: Executive Approval and the New Calculus of Support}, editor = {Hellwig, Timothy and Singer, Matthew}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780192871664}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Das Problem mit der Philantropie}, series = {Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung}, booktitle = {Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung}, editor = {von Schnurbein, Georg}, publisher = {Christoph Merian Verlag}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-03969-012-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {37 -- 50}, language = {de} } @incollection{RoemmeleDarius, author = {R{\"o}mmele, Andrea and Darius, Philipp}, title = {KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf}, series = {Informationsfl{\"u}sse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift f{\"u}r R{\"u}diger Schmitt-Beck}, volume = {Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung. Band 35}, booktitle = {Informationsfl{\"u}sse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift f{\"u}r R{\"u}diger Schmitt-Beck}, editor = {Faas, Thorsten and Huber, Sascha and Krewel, Mona and Roßteutscher, Sigrid}, publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH \& Co. KG}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {9783756008001}, doi = {10.5771/9783748915553}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {199 -- 211}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bunde, author = {Bunde, Tobias}, title = {Social constructivism}, series = {Research Handbook on NATO}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on NATO}, editor = {Mayer, Sebastian}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Limited}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {9781839103384}, doi = {10.4337/9781839103391.00014}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {69 -- 83}, abstract = {From a social constructivist perspective, NATO is not just another alliance or security institution, but the institutional embodiment of the transatlantic security community, which is based on a collective identity of liberal democracies. This collective identity serves as the main explanatory factor for social constructivist research dealing with NATO's creation, its specific institutional design and its unique culture of consultation. It also helps understand NATO's persistence after the end of the Cold War, its enlargement and its (liberal) out-of-area operations and missions in the post-Cold War period. Constructivism has become one of the key theoretical approaches in NATO research, offering a broader view of the Alliance and accounting for empirical anomalies that competitors fail to explain. Still, constructivist research has arguably not yet reached its full potential and could offer additional insights into NATO's past, presence and future. These lacunae are addressed in the chapter.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {Introduction: The Accountability Impasse of the EU's New Economic Governance}, series = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, booktitle = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, editor = {Dawson, Mark}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/9781009228800.001}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {This chapter serves as the general introduction to the volume. It discusses two major impasses plaguing EMU in the 2020s: the first, a clash between politicization of EMU decisions, on the one hand, and an institutional structure designed to reject political conflict, on the other; the second, a scholarly impasse between those analysing EMU accountability comparatively and those doing so through EMU specific standards. The chapter briefly introduces the core concepts used in the volume as a means of overcoming this impasse: the distinction between procedural and substantive accountability as well as the normative goods framework developed in Chapter 1. It finally provides an overview of the structure and content of the volume, concluding with a plea to focus scholarly attention on EMUs substantive accountability deficits.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AkbikDawson, author = {Akbik, Adina and Dawson, Mark}, title = {From Procedural to Substantive Accountability in EMU Governance}, series = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, booktitle = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, editor = {Dawson, Mark}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/9781009228800.003}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {19 -- 44}, abstract = {This chapter provides the volumes general conceptual framework. It begins by addressing why new approaches to accountability are needed, arguing that accountability literature has reached a stalemate as a result of an impasse between deductive and inductive approaches to accountability in the EU. It then argues that overcoming the stalemate requires developing a generalised framework of what accountability is for, deriving four accountability goods to be used in subsequent chapters. The chapter argues that each of the goods can be delivered in procedural or substantive ways, focusing either on the process by which decisions are made or the substantive worth of decisions themselves. The chapter concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of both varieties of accountability before mapping out how the concepts will be applied across policy fields and institutions in subsequent chapters.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Akbik, author = {Akbik, Adina}, title = {The Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup: Substantive Accountability Claimed, but Unmet}, series = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, booktitle = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, editor = {Dawson, Mark}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/9781009228800.010}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {154 -- 176}, abstract = {As the most powerful executive actor in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Eurogroup has faced continuous demands to improve its accountability record since the euro crisis. One reform introduced to meet these demands were the Economic Dialogue - a regular exchange of views between the European Parliament and the President of the Eurogroup designed to 'ensure greater transparency and accountability' in the EMU. This chapter investigates the practical functioning of the Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup between 2013 and the 2019 European Parliament elections. Applying the theoretical framework of the introduction, the purpose is to examine the extent to which the Parliament focuses on procedural or substantive accountability when questioning the Eurogroup President. Moreover, the chapter investigates the reasoning of parliamentary questions in line with the four accountability goods identified at the outset (openness, non-arbitrariness, effectiveness, and publicness). The findings show that Members of the European Parliament are eager to question the extent to which Eurogroup decisions are substantively open and effective, and to a lesser extent whether they are arbitrary or protect EU interests more generally. The analysis is based on fourteen transcripts of Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup President, which took place between 2013 and 2019.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bobić, author = {Bobić, Ana}, title = {Constructive Constitutional Conflict as an Accountability Device in Monetary Policy}, series = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, booktitle = {Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance}, editor = {Dawson, Mark}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/9781009228800.012}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {197 -- 316}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierRau, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Rau, Sandra}, title = {Time-Limited Foundations: Comparative Perspectives from Europe}, series = {Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy}, booktitle = {Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy}, editor = {Madoff, Ray and Soskis, Benjamin}, publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, address = {Lanham, Maryland}, isbn = {978-1-5381-3176-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {177 -- 195}, language = {en} } @incollection{SherwoodLemayCostello, author = {Sherwood, Angela and Lemay, Isabelle and Costello, Cathryn}, title = {IOM's Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties}, series = {IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion}, booktitle = {IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion}, editor = {Bradley, Megan and Costello, Cathryn and Sherwood, Angela}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781009184175}, doi = {10.1017/9781009184175.016}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {360 -- 396}, abstract = {This chapter analyses IOM's practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM's normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states' 'prerogative' to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM's involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM's changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers 'elsewhere.' The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM's practice risks expanding and legitimating detention.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Welfens, author = {Welfens, Natalie}, title = {Resettlement}, series = {Flucht- und Fl{\"u}chtlingsforschung: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, booktitle = {Flucht- und Fl{\"u}chtlingsforschung: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, editor = {Scharrer, Tabea and Glorius, Birgit and Kleist, J. Olaf and Berlinghoff, Marcel}, publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH \& Co. KG}, isbn = {9783748921905}, doi = {10.5771/9783748921905}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {489 -- 496}, language = {de} } @incollection{Hustedt, author = {Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Die Verwaltungssysteme}, series = {Nordeuropa: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, booktitle = {Nordeuropa: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, editor = {Henningsen, Bernd}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-8699-2}, doi = {10.5771/9783748930914-253}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {253 -- 261}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Sozialstruktur und Familienformen}, series = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, editor = {Arr{\´a}nz Becker, Oliver and Hank, Karsten and Steinbach, Anja}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-35218-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_26}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {657 -- 674}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag gibt auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den Wandel der Familienformen in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit alleinerziehende, nichteheliche und eheliche Familien sozialstrukturell differenziert sind und in welchem Ausmaß sich die {\"o}konomische Lebenslage der verschiedenen Familienformen unterscheidet.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Human Rights Ideas, Law, and Institutions in Europe}, series = {The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe}, booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe}, editor = {van Aaken, Anne and d'Argent, Pierre and M{\"a}lksoo, Lauri and Vasel, Johann Justus}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780198865315}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198865315.013.8}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {This chapter introduces the contribution of Europe to the development of human rights ideas, law, and institutions. In a spirit of 'provincialising Europe', it argues that Europe's contributions to human rights are ambivalent and dynamic. The chapter first examines natural rights and rights of citizens as twin, but also potentially conflicting, developments in demarcating Europe's contributions to human rights. Europe is historically a home of human rights ideas as well as strong critiques and double standards in the use of these ideas. The chapter then examines European contributions to the legalization of human rights with a focus on two institutional Europes: that of the Council of Europe and the European Union. Finally, the chapter reviews contemporary human rights debates, against the backdrop of authoritarianization in Europe on the one hand and demands for new human rights to tackle the climate crisis, and digitalization of modern societies on the other.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Gohdes, author = {Gohdes, Anita R.}, title = {Do digital technologies benefit governments or empower civil society actors?}, series = {Digital Repression: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses}, booktitle = {Digital Repression: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses}, publisher = {Global Policy Journal}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Auz, author = {Auz, Juan}, title = {Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights}, series = {Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au d{\´e}fi des changements climatiques}, booktitle = {Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au d{\´e}fi des changements climatiques}, editor = {Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine and Peel, Jacqueline}, publisher = {Brill | Nijhoff}, isbn = {978-90-04-68239-9}, doi = {10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_a9789004682399_13}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wegrich, author = {Wegrich, Kai}, title = {Public sector innovation: which season of public sector reform?}, series = {Handbook of Public Administration Reform}, booktitle = {Handbook of Public Administration Reform}, editor = {Goldfinch, Shaun Francis}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, isbn = {978 1 80037 673 1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {131 -- 145}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Secret Societies}, series = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, editor = {List, Regina A. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-319-99675-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_120-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldSchmauckMika, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Schmauck, Sarah and Mika, Tatjana}, title = {Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Alterssicherung in Deutschland}, series = {Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplin{\"a}ren Sondierung der Alterssicherung}, booktitle = {Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplin{\"a}ren Sondierung der Alterssicherung}, editor = {Karger-Kroll, Anna and Sch{\"a}fers, Lars}, publisher = {Nomos}, isbn = {978-3-7560-1712-6}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {de} } @incollection{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges}, series = {The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management}, booktitle = {The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management}, editor = {Renz, David O. and Brown, William A. and Andersson, Fredrik O.}, edition = {5th}, publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, isbn = {978-1-394-19887-0}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {7 -- 29}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldNaujoks, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Naujoks, Tabea}, title = {Arbeitsteilung in Partnerschaften und soziale Ungleichheit}, series = {Handbuch Sozialstrukturanalyse}, booktitle = {Handbuch Sozialstrukturanalyse}, editor = {B{\"o}hnke, Petra and Konietzka, Dirk}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-39759-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-39759-3_49-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Im Zentrum des folgenden Beitrags steht die Darstellung des Zusammenhangs von Arbeitsteilung in Partnerschaften und sozialer Ungleichheit. Dabei behandeln wir nicht nur die Aufteilung von Haus- und Sorgearbeit in bestehenden Partnerschaften, sondern gehen auch auf die Bedeutung der geschlechtlichen Arbeitsteilung f{\"u}r soziale Ungleichheit nach Trennung und Scheidung ein. Wir diskutieren dar{\"u}ber hinaus die Rolle sozialpolitischer Rahmenbedingungen die Anreize f{\"u}r eine geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung in Paarhaushalten setzen, und die individuellen Kosten dieser in der Nachtrennungszeit bestimmen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{DawsondeWitteMuir, author = {Dawson, Mark and de Witte, Bruno and Muir, Elise}, title = {Introduction: locating judicial politics}, series = {Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union}, booktitle = {Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union}, editor = {Dawson, Mark and de Witte, Bruno and Muir, Elise}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781035313501}, doi = {10.4337/9781035313518.00006}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {The Court inhabits a 'political space' to which it is called upon to respond. This points to its need to develop cooperative relationships not only with courts but also with political actors (such as national governments and the EU legislature) and even to directly address and explain decisions to EU citizens themselves. This book is aimed at answering the question of 'How does the CJEU position itself as a political as well as a legal actor?' with a view to better understanding the work of the Court and addressing its contestation. For that purpose, we explore in this introductory chapter what is meant by judicial 'activism' and judicial 'politics', before examining the different varieties of judicial politics our authors have shown an interest in. This will pave the way to drawing some lessons on the factors to take into account when seeking to address and respond to contestation of the work of the Court.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {Revisiting Europe's 'law-politics imbalance'}, series = {Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union}, booktitle = {Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union}, editor = {Dawson, Mark and de Witte, Bruno and Muir, Elise}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781035313501}, doi = {10.4337/9781035313518.00007}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {17 -- 33}, abstract = {The aim of this chapter is to consider whether accusations of judicial activism towards the European Courts are rooted not in the activity of the CJEU per se but rather a wider 'imbalance' between law and politics in the present-day EU. Revisiting an earlier chapter, the chapter considers three sources of such an imbalance: the gap between the jurisdiction of the CJEU and the EU's legislative competence; judicial reasoning at the EU level; and the imbalance in the EU between market and non-market objectives. While the chapter argues that the EU retains such an imbalance, recent developments, particularly the increasing dynamism of the EU legislature, have significantly narrowed the gap between the EU's political and legal capacities in the last decade. As the chapter will conclude, the EU carries a less institutionally 'lonely' Court than in the past, providing the Union's judiciary with greater leverage to temper activist claims.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Global Constitutionalism and the Individual}, series = {The Individual in International Law: History and Theory}, booktitle = {The Individual in International Law: History and Theory}, editor = {Peters, Anne and Sparks, Tom}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780198898917}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {321 -- 340}, language = {en} } @incollection{CalıDurmuşEskitaşcıoğlu, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Durmu{\c{s}}, Bet{\"u}l and Eskita{\c{s}}{\c{c}}{\i}oğlu, İlayda}, title = {The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Turkey}, series = {The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On}, booktitle = {The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On}, editor = {Heyns, Christof and Viljoen, Frans Jacobus and Murray, Rachel}, isbn = {9789004377653}, doi = {10.1163/9789004377653_021}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1225 -- 1272}, language = {en} } @incollection{RykkjaHammerschmidKlijnetal., author = {Rykkja, Lise H. and Hammerschmid, Gerhard and Klijn, Erik Hans and Verhoest, Koen}, title = {Introduction: collaborating for digital transformation in the public sector}, series = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation: How Internal and External Collaboration Can Contribute to Innovate Public Service Delivery}, booktitle = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation: How Internal and External Collaboration Can Contribute to Innovate Public Service Delivery}, editor = {Verhoest, Koen and Hammerschmid, Gerhard and Rykkja, Lise H. and Klijn, Erik H.}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, isbn = {9781803923888}, doi = {10.4337/9781803923895}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {2 -- 12}, language = {en} } @incollection{HammerschmidBreaughRackwitz, author = {Hammerschmid, Gerhard and Breaugh, Jessica and Rackwitz, Maike}, title = {Intergovernmental collaboration in the context of digital transformation: state-of-the-art and theoretical notions}, series = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation}, booktitle = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation}, editor = {Verhoest, Koen and Hammerschmid, Gerhard and Rykkja, Lise H. and Klijn, Erik H.}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, doi = {10.4337/9781803923895}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {31 -- 51}, language = {en} } @incollection{VerhoestKlijnRykkjaetal., author = {Verhoest, Koen and Klijn, Erik Hans and Rykkja, Lise H. and Hammerschmid, Gerhard}, title = {Collaboration for digital transformation: so much more than just technology}, series = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation}, booktitle = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation}, editor = {Verhoest, Koen and Hammerschmid, Gerhard and Rykkja, Lise H. and Klijn, Erik H.}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, doi = {10.4337/9781803923895}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {241 -- 267}, language = {en} } @incollection{RackwitzBreaughHammerschmid, author = {Rackwitz, Maike and Breaugh, Jessica and Hammerschmid, Gerhard}, title = {Leadership for intergovernmental collaboration towards digital transformation}, series = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation}, booktitle = {Collaborating for Digital Transformation}, editor = {Verhoest, Koen and Hammerschmid, Gerhard and Rykkja, Lise H. and Klijn, Erik H.}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, doi = {10.4337/9781803923895}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {124 -- 143}, language = {en} } @incollection{SękowskaKozłowskaBaranowskaGrygielZasadaetal., author = {Sękowska-Kozłowska, Katarzyna and Baranowska, Grażyna and Grygiel-Zasada, Joanna and Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz}, title = {The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Poland}, series = {The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On}, booktitle = {The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On}, editor = {Heyns, Christof and Viljoen, Frans Jacobus and Murray, Rachel}, publisher = {Brill | Nijhoff}, isbn = {9789004377653}, doi = {10.1163/9789004377653_016}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {823 -- 898}, language = {en} } @incollection{LeiningerMurrStoetzeretal., author = {Leininger, Arndt and Murr, Andreas E. and Stoetzer, Lukas F. and Kayser, Mark A.}, title = {B{\"u}rger:innenprognosen in einem Mischwahlsystem: Die deutsche Bundestagswahl 2021 als Testfall}, series = {Wahlen und W{\"a}hler}, booktitle = {Wahlen und W{\"a}hler}, editor = {Schoen, Harald and Weßels, Bernhard}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {9783658426934}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-42694-1_15}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {383 -- 411}, abstract = {Wie viele Wahlkreise gewinnt welche Partei bei der Bundestagswahl? Diese Frage war im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021 trotz des deutschen Mischwahlsystems unter Fachleuten wie auch einer breiteren {\"O}ffentlichkeit von besonderem Interesse. Diesem Bedarf an Vorhersagen bedient in j{\"u}ngerer Zeit eine zunehmende Zahl von Prognosemodellen, die sich jedoch fast ausschließlich auf die Zweitstimme abzielen. F{\"u}r Wahlkreise gibt es nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in reinen Mehrheitswahlsystemen, kaum relevante Umfragen. Wir f{\"u}hrten daher eine Wahlerwartungsumfrage durch, um den Wahlausgang in jedem einzelnen Bundestagswahlkreis zu prognostizieren. Wir nennen unseren Ansatz B{\"u}rger:innenprognose, weil er auf den Erwartungen der B{\"u}rger:innen {\"u}ber das Wahlverhalten ihrer Mitb{\"u}rger:innen beruht und nicht auf deren selbstberichteten Wahlabsichten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir unsere B{\"u}rger:innenprognose vor, evaluieren ihre Genauigkeit und vergleichen sie mit anderen Ans{\"a}tzen zur Wahlprognose.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SteiningerPaige, author = {Steininger, Silvia and Paige, Tamsin Phillipa}, title = {4.2 Interdisciplinarity}, series = {Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach}, booktitle = {Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach}, editor = {Gonz{\´a}lez Hauck, Su{\´e} and Kunz, Raffaela and Milas, Max}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781003451327}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {128 -- 140}, language = {en} } @incollection{HustedtRadtke, author = {Hustedt, Thurid and Radtke, Ina}, title = {Coordination and Policy Implementation}, series = {Handbook of Public Policy Implementation}, booktitle = {Handbook of Public Policy Implementation}, editor = {Sager, Fritz and Mavrot, C{\´e}line and Keiser, Lael}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, isbn = {9781800885899}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {429 -- 436}, language = {en} } @incollection{Henke, author = {Henke, Marina}, title = {Deutschlands strategische Optionen}, series = {Die Deutschen: Wer wir sind. Wer wir sein wollen. Berichte zur Lage der Nation}, booktitle = {Die Deutschen: Wer wir sind. Wer wir sein wollen. Berichte zur Lage der Nation}, editor = {Mirow, Thomas}, publisher = {Murmann Verlag}, isbn = {9783867748100}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {131 -- 159}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bunde, author = {Bunde, Tobias}, title = {Nuclear Zeitenwende(n): Germany and NATO's Nuclear Posture}, series = {Germany and Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century: Atomic Zeitenwende?}, booktitle = {Germany and Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century: Atomic Zeitenwende?}, editor = {K{\"u}hn, Ulrich}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781003341161}, doi = {10.4324/9781003341161-7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {87 -- 111}, language = {en} } @incollection{StockmannLuo, author = {Stockmann, Daniela and Luo, Ting}, title = {Xi Jinping's Partnership with Technology Companies and Social Media Platforms}, series = {Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference}, booktitle = {Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference}, editor = {Lynch, Daniel and Rosen, Stanley}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781032191522}, doi = {10.4324/9781003257943-5}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {22}, abstract = {Contrary to conventional wisdom, even Xi Jinping, who is often depicted in the media and pundit world as having centralized control over nearly every dimension of Chinese governance, still must rely on powerful technology corporations to carry out his will in the increasingly important Internet sector. This suggests a model of political control significantly more nuanced than most observers realize. This chapter argues that Xi Jinping does not rule the Internet and more specifically social media via a tight command-and-control structure, which implies that he is the ultimate decision-maker and companies simply implement his policy decisions. Instead, the chapter demonstrates based on process-tracing that China's governance of the Internet is best understood as a corporate management model, whereby the Chinese state engages in a partnership with technology companies. Xi Jinping assumes a leadership role enforced by state instruments of control and cooptation strategies. At the same time, the state remains dependent on companies due to their informational, organizational, and institutional resources.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GlaesselGonzalezScharpf, author = {Gl{\"a}ßel, Christian and Gonz{\´a}lez, Bel{\´e}n and Scharpf, Adam}, title = {The authoritarian security apparatus: officer careers and the trade-offs in command}, series = {Research Handbook on Authoritarianism}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on Authoritarianism}, editor = {Lindstaedt, Natasha and Van den Bosch, Jeroen J.J.}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781802204827}, doi = {10.4337/9781802204827.00014}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {111 -- 126}, language = {en} } @incollection{Nugraha, author = {Nugraha, Ignatius Yordan}, title = {Deferring to Consensus and Procedural Rationality: Assessing the European Court of Human Rights' Approach to Majoritarian Will}, series = {The Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law}, volume = {8}, booktitle = {The Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law}, editor = {Vanhullebusch, Matthias and Forster, Steve and Stanford, Ben}, publisher = {Brill | Nijhoff}, isbn = {978-90-04-70647-7}, doi = {10.1163/9789004706477_007}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {166 -- 198}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to explore how the European Court of Human Rights has tackled majoritarian will when dealing with 'hard cases' of human rights. Under its jurisprudence, the Court has long relied on the existence of a 'European consensus' to interpret the European Convention on Human Rights. However, the Court has inconsistently shifted between deference to and rejection of internal consensus, which refers to the prevailing view held by the majority in a particular state. On the one hand, the Court has deferred to an internal consensus that favours restrictions on abortion, but on the other hand, in cases concerning sexual minorities, it has rejected the use of internal consensus to restrict rights. At the same time, with the Court undergoing a procedural turn where the assessment of proportionality is focused on the quality of domestic decision-making rather than a substantive analysis, today the Court is more likely to defer to reasoned and thoughtful internal consensus, which indicates a new Strasbourg-style majoritarian approach to human rights.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HasselWeil, author = {Hassel, Anke and Weil, Kilian}, title = {Social Dialogue in Transition}, series = {Handbook on Labour Markets in Transition: Promoting Resilience in a World in Flux}, booktitle = {Handbook on Labour Markets in Transition: Promoting Resilience in a World in Flux}, editor = {Carcillo, St{\´e}phane and Scarpetta, Stefano}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd}, isbn = {978 1 83910 694 1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {279 -- 299}, language = {en} } @incollection{ToeplerAnheier, author = {Toepler, Stefan and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Theories of Nonprofit Sector, Economic}, series = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, editor = {List, Regina A. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-319-99675-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_805-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @incollection{WolfertSchneeklothTraxler, author = {Wolfert, Sabine and Schneekloth, Ulrich and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Anforderungen an die Altersvorsorge}, series = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissensl{\"u}cke}, booktitle = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissensl{\"u}cke}, editor = {M{\"u}llerleile, Hansj{\"o}rg and Schminke, Kerstin and Aprea, Carmela and Traxler, Christian}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-8859-5}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {55 -- 59}, language = {de} } @incollection{WolfertSchneeklothTraxler, author = {Wolfert, Sabine and Schneekloth, Ulrich and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Sparen f{\"u}r die Altersvorsorge}, series = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissensl{\"u}cke}, booktitle = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissensl{\"u}cke}, editor = {M{\"u}llerleile, Hansj{\"o}rg and Schminke, Kerstin and Aprea, Carmela and Traxler, Christian}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-8859-5}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {35 -- 54}, language = {de} } @incollection{Traxler, author = {Traxler, Christian}, title = {Rentenreform: Die Pr{\"a}ferenzen der jungen Menschen}, series = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissensl{\"u}cke}, booktitle = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissensl{\"u}cke}, editor = {M{\"u}llerleile, Hansj{\"o}rg and Schminke, Kerstin and Aprea, Carmela and Traxler, Christian}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-8859-5}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {105 -- 109}, language = {de} } @incollection{SeelosMairTraegeretal., author = {Seelos, Christian and Mair, Johanna and Traeger, Charlotte and Nolting, Fenja}, title = {Advancing Phenomenon-Based Research on Complex Societal Challenges: The Case of Homelessness}, series = {Big Picture Approaches to the Impact of Social Innovations}, volume = {96}, booktitle = {Big Picture Approaches to the Impact of Social Innovations}, editor = {Dorado, Silvia and Haugh, Helen and Wadhwani, R. Daniel and Hamann, Ralph}, publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited}, isbn = {978-1-83608-528-7}, doi = {10.1108/s0733-558x20250000096002}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {25 -- 50}, abstract = {We advance organizational research on complex societal challenges and showcase the relevance of a system perspective to analyze organized efforts to address homelessness as a social problem. We adopt a phenomenon-based approach to theorizing and generate plausible explanations by analyzing historical accounts of decisions and actions taken to tackle homelessness by various actors across different sectors in the United States between 1960 and 2021. We apply an analytical scaffolding proposed by Mair and Seelos (2021) to examine how organizations intervene in social systems and explicate the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Attending to these three realms helps to reveal how homelessness was problematized differently over time and to examine how different causal assumptions shaped organizational decisions about developing and scaling solutions to homelessness. Based on our analysis, we develop a series of propositions that capture contextualized insights on the characteristics and consequences of efforts to address homelessness, accounting for linkages between the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Finally, our analytical and theoretical approach helps uncover the interconnectedness of scaling and scale, providing valuable insights for theory and policy.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MairRathert, author = {Mair, Johanna and Rathert, Nikolas}, title = {Social Entrepreneurship}, series = {Handbook of Innovation}, booktitle = {Handbook of Innovation}, editor = {Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo and Windeler, Arnold and Bl{\"a}ttel-Mink, Birgit}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-25143-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_25-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Social entrepreneurship refers to the innovative use and combination of resources to address social problems and needs. Social entrepreneurship and social enterprises constitute an increasingly relevant form of organizing across different contexts, reflected in growing interest from policymakers in Europe and beyond. We provide an overview of definitional debates around social entrepreneurship and focus on institutional change and the pursuit of multiple goals as key characteristics of social entrepreneurship. These characteristics set social entrepreneurship apart from commercial entrepreneurship focused on providing products and services but also create unique challenges. On the one hand, as research on social entrepreneurship and institutional change has shown, social entrepreneurship involves the consideration of the context-specific nature of social problems and social innovations. In addition, scholarship on social entrepreneurship and the pursuit of multiple goals emphasizes a set of resulting demands on organizational governance, including ensuring accountability and acquiring resources while straddling diverse institutional contexts. Interrogating the existing literature in management, organization, and entrepreneurship studies on these aspects, our discussion offers a succinct and generative perspective on social entrepreneurship that helps to advance the study of social innovation.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Ditlmann, author = {Ditlmann, Ruth K.}, title = {Changing Structures Along with People to Reduce Prejudice Using Field Experiments}, series = {Advances in Prejudice Research Volume 1: New empirical and theoretical directions in prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination}, booktitle = {Advances in Prejudice Research Volume 1: New empirical and theoretical directions in prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination}, editor = {Nelson, Todd D.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, doi = {10.4324/9781003528043-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {115 -- 142}, abstract = {Prejudice researchers increasingly conceptualize prejudice as not only an individual-level construct but also a structural one. According to this view, prejudice is the manifestation of systems of oppression, such as racism, in people's cognitions and affect. This chapter examines the implications of this novel understanding of prejudice as "structurally embedded" for how we study prejudice-reduction interventions. It argues that effective interventions must aim to change structures and reviews examples of studies that have already adopted this approach. These include studies examining how changes in policies, laws, and leadership; in physical and digital spaces; and in social space can reduce prejudice, as well as how changes in perceptions of societal structures through critical education can reduce prejudice. When structural change is not feasible, the chapter proposes two alternatives: (1) designing prejudice-reduction interventions, including light-touch ones, that, in addition to reducing prejudice, also motivate people to engage in collective action for structural change; and (2) designing prejudice-reduction interventions, including light-touch ones, that take advantage of structural affordances - objective features of the structural context that increase the likelihood of success. When reviewing current field experiments on prejudice reduction, the chapter discovers that these experiments already tend to change structures in addition to people's affect and cognition, and therefore recommends using them more frequently. It concludes with a discussion of considerations for scholars designing field experiments on prejudice-reduction interventions, including methodological and ethical challenges, as well as reflections on the research process.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Henke, author = {Henke, Marina}, title = {Germany's National Security Strategy: Is It Helping or Hurting the Zeitenwende?}, series = {Assessing the Zeitenwende: Implications for Germany, the United States, and Transatlantic Security}, booktitle = {Assessing the Zeitenwende: Implications for Germany, the United States, and Transatlantic Security}, editor = {Deni, John R. and Rathke, Jeffrey D.}, publisher = {US Army War College Press}, address = {United States of America}, isbn = {9781584878629}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {7 -- 16}, language = {en} } @incollection{ToeplerAnheier, author = {Toepler, Stefan and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Third-Sector Research: Ubi eras, Quo vadis?}, series = {The Future of Third Sector Research: From Theory to Definitions, Classifications and Aggregation Towards New Research Paths}, booktitle = {The Future of Third Sector Research: From Theory to Definitions, Classifications and Aggregation Towards New Research Paths}, editor = {Bassi, Andrea and Aquino Alves, Mario and Cordery, Carolyn}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783031678967}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-67896-7_20}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {229 -- 248}, abstract = {Third Sector, or nonprofit, research has made tremendous strides since the field's inception half a century ago in the context of developed liberal market economies. In the US, an interdisciplinary group of social scientists started to form in the early 1970s that was originally primarily concerned with local voluntary initiatives, self-help and other grassroots amateur groups, or what David Horton Smith (Smith, 2016) later referred to as voluntaristics. Subsequent economic theorizing (cf. Hansmann, 1987) pushed research agendas towards examinations of more formal nonprofit organizations. In Europe, related, yet different, research traditions at the time focused on associational life, cooperative and communal economics, and the social economy, encompassing a variety of cooperative and mutual enterprises. By contrast, in the countries of the Global South, where colonial legal frameworks were superimposed on indigenous legal systems, organizational forms and cultures, remained outside the focus of these initial efforts.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Hustedt, author = {Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Variations of policy advisory systems: taking stock}, series = {Handbook of Policy Advice}, booktitle = {Handbook of Policy Advice}, editor = {Howlett, Michael and Mukherjee, Ishani}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Limited}, address = {Cheltenham, UK \& Northampton, USA}, isbn = {9781035318070}, doi = {10.4337/9781035318087}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {600 -- 608}, language = {en} } @incollection{VeitHustedtBach, author = {Veit, Sylvia and Hustedt, Thurid and Bach, Tobias}, title = {Dynamics Of Change In Internal Policy Advisory Systems: The hybridization of advisory capacities in Germany}, series = {The Routledge Handbook Of Policy Advisory Systems}, booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook Of Policy Advisory Systems}, editor = {Capano, Giliberto and Craft, Jonathan and Howlett, Michael}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {Abingdon and New York}, isbn = {978-1-032-73745-4}, doi = {10.4324/9781003465720}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {458 -- 475}, language = {en} }