@techreport{FlachslandLevi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Levi, Sebastian}, title = {Das deutsche Klimaschutzgesetz: M{\"o}glichkeiten einer sektor{\"u}bergreifenden Klimagovernance. Ariadne-Hintergrund.}, pages = {1-33}, abstract = {Trotz des erheblichen Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien in der Vergangenheit hat Deutschland Schwierigkeiten, seine nationalen Klimaschutzziele zu erf{\"u}llen. Als Reaktion darauf hat der Deutsche Bundestag im Jahr 2019 ein nationales Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) verabschiedet. In diesem Bericht analysieren wir die Governance der deutschen Klimapolitik vor der Verabschiedung des KSG, die wichtigsten Gestaltungselemente des KSG und das Potenzial des KSG, die Integration der deutschen Klimagovernance zu verbessern. Dabei stellen wir fest, dass die deutsche Klimagovernance vor dem KSG nur m{\"a}ßig integriert war. Mit der Einf{\"u}hrung des KSG und der dort spezifizierten Sektorziele wird Klimaschutz jedoch zu einem priorit{\"a}ren Politikziel in allen wirtschaftlichen Sektoren. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus k{\"o}nnen die im KSG beschlossenen Monitorings- und Nachsteuerungs-Bestimmungen dazu f{\"u}hren, dass sektorspezifische Maßnahmen {\"u}ber die Zeit immer besser mit den nationalen Klimaschutz-Zielen abgestimmt werden. Insgesamt f{\"o}rdert das KSG hierbei jedoch eher eine multisektorale als eine sektor{\"u}bergreifende Klimagovernance und vers{\"a}umt es dabei, die Koordinierung zwischen Sektoren und Ministerien zu st{\"a}rken.}, language = {de} } @article{GrafLohse, author = {Graf, Lukas and Lohse, Anna Prisca}, title = {Conditions for cross-border policy transfer and cooperation: Analysing differences between higher education and vocational training}, series = {Research in Comparative and International Education}, volume = {16}, journal = {Research in Comparative and International Education}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1177/17454999211057747}, pages = {361 -- 383}, abstract = {Against the backdrop of an increasingly interconnected world as well as the growing role of inter- and supranational organizations, policy transfer has become a widespread phenomenon, not least in the realm of education. While policy transfer research has focused predominantly on isolated education sectors, less is known about the overall institutional conditions that favour or inhibit policy movement in different education sectors. We argue that the conditions for cross-border policy synthesis, as a central form of policy transfer, differ systematically between the two main education sectors preparing for labour market entry, namely higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET). Taking the case of the cross-border region of France, Germany and Switzerland as an example, the institutional analysis shows that demand-side, programmatic, contextual and application conditions are more favourable towards cross-border policy synthesis in HE than VET.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GrafLohse, author = {Graf, Lukas and Lohse, Anna Prisca}, title = {Advanced Skill Formation between Vocationalization and Academization: The Governance of Professional Schools and Dual Study Programs in Germany}, series = {Studies in Vocational and Continuing Education. Governance Revisited - Challenges and Opportunities for Vocational Education and Training}, booktitle = {Studies in Vocational and Continuing Education. Governance Revisited - Challenges and Opportunities for Vocational Education and Training}, editor = {B{\"u}rgi, Regula and Gonon, Philipp}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, address = {Lausanne}, isbn = {9783034343824}, issn = {2235-7327}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {215 -- 242}, abstract = {Global trends, such as an ever-rising service economy, rapid technological change and digitalization, challenge skill formation systems. Focussing on European countries, this edited volume examines the variety of European VET governance and VET governance research. In particular, it provides insights into regional, local and decentralized governance at meso (e.g. professional associations) as well as micro level (e.g. learning arrangements). As such, the edited volume sheds light on the hitherto far less explored dimensions of VET governance and highlights challenges as well as opportunities in VET governance in the 21st century.}, language = {en} } @techreport{FleurbaeyKanburSnower, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Fleurbaey, Marc and Kanbur, Ravi and Snower, Dennis}, title = {Efficiency and Equity in a Society-Economy Integrated Model}, edition = {CESifo Working Paper No. 9259}, pages = {56}, abstract = {A model that only focuses on economics relations, and in which efficiency and equity are defined in terms of resource allocation may miss an important part of the picture. We propose an integrated model that embeds economic activities in a larger game of social interactions, and define comprehensive notions of efficiency and equity. Social interactions provide additional sources of inefficiencies and inequalities, including through the mere lack of coordination between the regulation mechanisms of the economics sphere and the social sphere. Remedies may require more than market solutions and redistribution of resources. In particular, social norms are likely to play an important role.}, language = {en} } @article{KayserLeiningerVlasenko, author = {Kayser, Mark A. and Leininger, Arndt and Vlasenko, Anastasiia}, title = {A L{\"a}nder-Based Forecast of the 2021 German Bundestag Election}, series = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, volume = {55}, journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/S1049096521000974}, pages = {79 -- 84}, language = {en} } @article{JankinRomanellovanDaalenetal., author = {Jankin, Slava and Romanello, Marina and van Daalen, Kim and Anto, Joesp M. and Dasandi, Niheer and Drummond, Paul and Hamilton, Ian G. and Kendrovski, Vladimir and Lowe, Rachel and Rockl{\"o}v, Joacim and Schmoll, Oliver and Semenza, Jan C. and Tonne, Cathryn and Nilsson, Maria}, title = {Tracking progress on health and climate change in Europe}, series = {The Lancet Public Health}, journal = {The Lancet Public Health}, doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00207-3}, abstract = {Left unabated, climate change will have catastrophic effects on the health of present and future generations. Such effects are already seen in Europe, through more frequent and severe extreme weather events, alterations to water and food systems, and changes in the environmental suitability for infectious diseases. As one of the largest current and historical contributors to greenhouse gases and the largest provider of financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation, Europe's response is crucial, for both human health and the planet. To ensure that health and wellbeing are protected in this response it is essential to build the capacity to understand, monitor, and quantify health impacts of climate change and the health co-benefits of accelerated action. Responding to this need, the Lancet Countdown in Europe is established as a transdisciplinary research collaboration for monitoring progress on health and climate change in Europe. With the wealth of data and academic expertise available in Europe, the collaboration will develop region-specific indicators to address the main challenges and opportunities of Europe's response to climate change for health. The indicators produced by the collaboration will provide information to health and climate policy decision making, and will also contribute to the European Observatory on Climate and Health.}, language = {en} } @techreport{GrafBernhardBanscherus, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Graf, Lukas and Bernhard, Nadine and Banscherus, Ulf}, title = {Bedingungen f{\"u}r flexible {\"U}berg{\"a}nge zwischen beruflicher und akademischer Bildung}, series = {Hertie Policy Briefs}, journal = {Hertie Policy Briefs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-41611}, abstract = {Die mangelnde Durchl{\"a}ssigkeit zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung ist in den letzten Jahren bundesweit zu einem bildungspolitischen Kernthema geworden. Um den neuen Anforderungen der Arbeitswelt sowie individuellen Bed{\"u}rfnissen gerecht zu werden, m{\"u}ssen die {\"U}berg{\"a}nge im Bildungssystem erleichtert werden. Dieser Policy brief identifiziert m{\"o}gliche Bedingungen f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Etablierung durchl{\"a}ssiger Strukturen zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung und leitet daraus konkrete Politikempfehlungen ab.}, language = {de} } @article{FlachslandLevi, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Levi, Sebastian}, title = {Germany's Federal Climate Change Act}, series = {Environmental Politics}, volume = {30}, journal = {Environmental Politics}, number = {sup1}, doi = {10.1080/09644016.2021.1980288}, pages = {118 -- 140}, abstract = {Despite significant renewable energy expansion in the past, Germany has encountered difficulties in meeting its national greenhouse gas emission targets. In response, Germany adopted the Federal Climate Change Act (CCA) in 2019. We analyze the state of climate governance in Germany before the CCA, the main design elements of the CCA, and assess the potential of the CCA to change German climate governance. Drawing on policy integration theory and 26 semi-structured interviews with senior policymakers and stakeholders, we find that German climate governance before the CCA was only moderately integrated. The sectoral emission targets legislated by the CCA make climate change mitigation a priority sector goal in non-energy sectors, and CCA provisions for monitoring, assessing and implementing policy reforms promise to enhance alignment of instruments with targets over time. Overall, the CCA advances a multi- rather than cross-sector climate governance, failing to advance coordination across sectors and ministries.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LamAnheier, author = {Lam, Marcus and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Charitable Foundations}, series = {Encyclopedia of Social Work}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Work}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780199975839}, doi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.46}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Foundations are private institutions for public benefit. With a long history that reaches back to antiquity, inside the United States and globally, foundations are a growing organizational form that policy makers increasingly view with both potential (as a source of private funds to complement government services) and caution (given their autonomy and low level of accountability). Alongside the rise in commerce and finance, foundations experienced an initial growth period in the late Middle Ages and a second in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, following the Industrial Revolution. Political stability, an increase in demand for social, educational, and cultural services of all kinds, and economic prosperity are certainly significant factors behind this growth. Since the dawn of the 21st century, foundations have remained the primary legal structure through which newly minted and emerging wealthy individuals practice their philanthropy. The foundation form, or some similar iteration, is growing not just in many Western democratic countries but even in communist and other political regimes such as China and Russia. The reason for this growth is the way in which foundations have been envisioned as instruments of welfare state reform in the broadest sense. This growth implies a more important role for foundations as providers of relief to those most in need, protectors of traditional institutions and the status quo, and, to a lesser extent, as change agents. In particular, this is apparent among the "new philanthropists" of the 21st century, drawn from technology entrepreneurs, who are more actively engaged in public policy.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierFilip, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {"Managing the Impossible?" Comparing How Countries Address the Dahrendorf Quandary}, series = {Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice}, issn = {1387-6988}, doi = {10.1080/13876988.2021.1945418}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {This paper examines the policy approaches and measures that developed market economies countries have adopted to "manage" what has become known as the Dahrendorf Quandary, a profound challenge facing globalizing economies: over time, staying economically competitive requires either adopting measures detrimental to the cohesion of society or restricting civil liberties and political participation. Examining a range of countries over time, it is found that their policy choices and subsequent performance are too varied to support the inevitable, almost mechanical, incompatibility the Quandary implies. While balancing the relationship between economic globalization, social cohesion, and democracy continues to be a major challenge for developed market economies, results show they are not helpless in what Dahrendorf feared to be a Herculean task of "squaring the circle" among incompatible trends. In other words, while the tensions the Quandary posits apply, they nonetheless need not lead to similar or negative outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{KrlevMildenbergerAnheier, author = {Krlev, Gorgi and Mildenberger, Georg and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Innovation and societal transformation - what changes when the 'social' comes in?}, series = {International Review of Applied Economics}, volume = {34}, journal = {International Review of Applied Economics}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1080/02692171.2020.1820247}, pages = {529 -- 540}, abstract = {Climate emergency, social inequalities, poverty, or racism represent only some entries on a growing list of pressing issues that concern society. Scholars are trying to play their part in investigating and informing effective action on these grand challenges of our times (Howard-Grenville et al. 2019). Across geographic contexts and fields of activity, social innovation moves into the centre of attention across the social sciences as an effective response to these challenges (Anheier, Krlev, \& Mildenberger, 2019; George et al. 2019; Howaldt et al. 2019; Jacobi, Edmiston, and Ziegler 2017; Rao-Nicholson, Vorley, and Khan 2017). Current examples of social innovation range from new employment models built on a special ability image of disability (Hockerts 2015), to decentralised renewable energy production (Huybrechts and Haugh 2017), to new forms of contracting social service provision, such as social impact bonds (Edmiston and Nicholls 2017). However, social innovation is not a new phenomenon. Historical examples comprise social housing (Schimpf et al. 2020) and public freshwater supply (Schimpf and Ziegler 2020), or mutual and co-operative movements (Tischer et al. 2016). Also, explicit references to social innovation in the social sciences date at least back to the late 1980s (Zapf 1989). And yet we are still in search for a systematic overview of the complications of understanding innovation and societal transformation when the 'social' comes in - while most agree social innovation is somehow different from 'innovation as we know it' (Dawson and Daniel 2010; Nicholls and Murdock 2012; Oosterlynck 2013; Van Wijk et al. 2018 to name but a few). The diversity of engaged actors and proponents of social innovation is one component in making its investigation challenging. Social innovation is promoted by civil society organizations such as social enterprises (Ramus et al. 2018; Seelos and Mair 2017), firms (Phillips et al. 2015), or public administration (Moulaert et al. 2007). A second component is represented by the circumstance that social innovation is often not a single service or product (Krlev, Anheier, and Mildenberger 2019a), but may comprise complex social processes such as shifts in public discourse as currently witnessed in the Black Lives Matter movement, for example. Scholars have recently drawn on both of these components and as a way to deal with the resulting specificities suggested a multi-level perspective analysis (Pel et al. 2020), which has a tradition in the literature on socio-technological transitions that may span decades of analysis (Geels 2002). In addition to approaches that provide us with the bigger picture of the social innovation process, we need to advance knowledge about how organizational conditions may affect social innovation performance (Shier, Handy, and Jennings 2019; Tortia, Degavre, and Poledrini 2020) as well as the (potential) impacts and outcomes social innovators may create (Berzin, Pitt-Catsouphes, and Gaitan-Rossi 2015; Taylor, Torugsa, and Arundel 2019) - as a goal and as a by-product in the process of innovating socially. The articles in our special issue are contributing to these emergent streams of literature.}, language = {en} } @article{NaujoksKreyenfeldDummert, author = {Naujoks, Tabea and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Dummert, Sandra}, title = {The division of child care during the coronavirus crisis in Germany: How did short-time work affect fathers' engagement?}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-717}, abstract = {Objective: This paper examines how participation in the short-time work scheme affected the gendered division of child care during the COVID-19 crisis in Germany. Background: Short-time work (Kurzarbeit) has been one of the main policies used to combat the economic and labour market repercussions of the coronavirus pandemic in Germany. We examine whether and, if so, how the growing prevalence of short-time work has affected care patterns. Method: We use data from the IAB-HOPP, a longitudinal study monitored by the German Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The analytical sample includes couples with children aged 12 and younger. We employ multinomial logistic regressions in which the outcome variable is the change in the division of care work from a period before to a period during the coronavirus crisis (June to October 2020). Results: We find that among men, receiving short-time work benefits resulted in more gender-equal care patterns. The positive effect of short-time work on the division of child care is moderated by the level of education. Fathers with low or medium education are more likely to increase their child care share when receiving short-time work benefits compared to fathers with high education. However, we also find that participating in the short-time work programme had no strong or significant effects on the gendered division of care among women. Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that men's working time is a major vehicle to change the gendered division of care in couple households.}, language = {en} } @article{KhannaBaiocchiCallaghanetal., author = {Khanna, Tarun and Baiocchi, Giovanni and Callaghan, Max and Creutzig, Felix and Guias, Horia and Haddaway, Neal R. and Hirth, Lion and Javaid, Aneeque and Koch, Nicolas and Laukemper, Sonja and L{\"o}schel, Andreas and del Mar Zamora Dominguez, Maria and Minx, Jan C.}, title = {A multi-country meta-analysis on the role of behavioural change in reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions in residential buildings}, series = {Nature Energy}, volume = {6}, journal = {Nature Energy}, doi = {10.1038/s41560-021-00866-x}, pages = {925 -- 932}, abstract = {Despite the importance of evaluating all mitigation options to inform policy decisions addressing climate change, a comprehensive analysis of household-scale interventions and their emissions reduction potential is missing. Here, we address this gap for interventions aimed at changing individual households' use of existing equipment, such as monetary incentives or feedback. We have performed a machine learning-assisted systematic review and meta-analysis to comparatively assess the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing energy demand in residential buildings. We extracted 360 individual effect sizes from 122 studies representing trials in 25 countries. Our meta-regression confirms that both monetary and non-monetary interventions reduce the energy consumption of households, but monetary incentives, of the sizes reported in the literature, tend to show on average a more pronounced effect. Deploying the right combinations of interventions increases the overall effectiveness. We have estimated a global carbon emissions reduction potential of 0.35 GtCO2 yr-1, although deploying the most effective packages of interventions could result in greater reduction. While modest, this potential should be viewed in conjunction with the need for de-risking mitigation pathways with energy-demand reductions.}, language = {en} } @article{GrafMarques, author = {Graf, Lukas and Marques, Marcelo}, title = {Towards a European model of collective skill formation? Analysing the European Alliance for Apprenticeships}, series = {Journal of Education Policy}, journal = {Journal of Education Policy}, doi = {10.1080/02680939.2022.2097317}, abstract = {While the literature in skill formation systems has paid considerable attention to inter-variation between types of national skill formation systems and intra-variation among individual types as in the case of collective skill formation systems, less is known about the role of the European Union in establishing a European model of skill formation. Building on studies in educational governance and decentralised cooperation, this paper analyses the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA) and explores its relationship to national skill formation systems. We analyse the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation and offer case studies of Ireland and France to understand how this European model relates to these two contrasting skill formation systems. Through deductive qualitative content analysis of official documents, we show that (a) the EAfA, in resembling characteristics of national collective skill formation systems, promotes the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation, and (b) that Ireland and France show signs of moving further towards adopting elements of a collectivist training model centred on apprenticeship training although mediated by path-dependencies of a liberal (Ireland) and statist (France) skill formation model.}, language = {en} } @periodical{ZartlerSuwadaKreyenfeld, author = {Zartler, Ulrike and Suwada, Katarzyna and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Family Lives during the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Societies}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {1}, edition = {43}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-2022-34-1}, language = {en} } @periodical{KreyenfeldDiehlKrohetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Diehl, Claudia and Kroh, Martin and Giesecke, Johannes}, title = {Employment and Family Behaviour after Migration}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {Special Issue}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {33}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-2021-33-2}, language = {en} } @article{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {The accountability of non-governmental actors in the digital sphere: A theoretical framework}, series = {European Law Journal}, journal = {European Law Journal}, doi = {10.1111/eulj.12420}, abstract = {The last decade has seen increasing demands for greater accountability in digital governance. What, however, does accountability require and what normative goods does it serve? This article develops a general framework for assessing digital accountability focused on four normative goods: openness, non-arbitrariness, effectiveness and publicness. As the article will evidence, claims for digital accountability often refer to deficits relating to one or more of these goods. While scholarly attention has deservedly focused on tying powerful digital actors to rule of law guarantees, the article argues that accountability offers an important normative yardstick to allow citizens to contest digital decisions beyond strict legality. The framework therefore provides a basis for both conceptually disaggregating and normatively forwarding accountability claims in the digital sphere.}, language = {en} } @article{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {What Does it Mean to Say that the Court of Justice is not a Human Rights Institution? A Critical Appraisal}, series = {Journal of Human Rights Practice}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Human Rights Practice}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1093/jhuman/huab023}, pages = {215 -- 222}, abstract = {What role does the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and EU law play in elaborating the rights and principles embodied by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)? Over the last 20 years, human (or 'fundamental') rights have become a constant part of the way the CJEU interprets and applies EU law. In a period where fundamental rights and values are increasingly under threat both globally and in Europe, judicial institutions remain an important last bastion of protection. Commenting on Judge Rosas' (2007) observation that the CJEU is not in fact a human rights Court, three critical questions are derived: The first question is the most related to this special issue. What does the development of the CJEU—an institution with human rights responsibilities—mean for general international human rights law? The second takes up Judge Rosas' observation that the CJEU, unlike the Strasbourg Court, has extensive judicial responsibilities beyond human rights. What does the development of EU human rights law mean for EU law more broadly? Finally, if Judge Rosas is right that the CJEU is not a human rights Court, what does that mean for its relationship to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the other organs of the Council of Europe? In answer to this last question, the article cautiously advances the argument that the very fact that the CJEU is not a human rights Court implies a more robust role than Judge Rosas suggests for external review of EU law by international human rights bodies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Dawson, author = {Dawson, Mark}, title = {Chapter 4: The role of law in multilevel governance: Four conceptualizations}, series = {A Research Agenda for Multilevel Governance}, booktitle = {A Research Agenda for Multilevel Governance}, isbn = {9781789908367}, doi = {10.4337/9781789908374.00011}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {77 -- 93}, abstract = {This chapter examines the role played by law and legal institutions in systems of multi-level of governance. While the de-centring of state institutions has been a common concern in legal and political science literature in the last three decades, there remains a lack of attention to how literature on multilevel governance can be better coupled with related work in comparative public law. The chapter attempts to fill this gap by sketching four possible conceptualizations of law's role in multilevel governance systems. Law may either demarcate (by dividing authority), facilitate (by ensuring systems of shared rule), catalyze (by undermining hierarchical systems) or colonize multilevel governance (by shifting power from other spheres in society towards the legal system itself). These conceptualizations are intended to provide a framework on how patterns in the role of law across multilevel governance systems can be analyzed in future work across the social sciences.}, language = {en} } @article{WalperKreyenfeld, author = {Walper, Sabine and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {The intensification of parenting in Germany: The role of socioeconomic background and family form}, series = {Social Sciences}, volume = {11 (3)}, journal = {Social Sciences}, number = {134}, doi = {10.3390/socsci11030134}, abstract = {Drawing on the international discourse on the intensification of parenting and new data from Germany, this paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the unique challenges that parents face in the 21st century. We used data from the survey "Parenthood Today", which was conducted in 2019 to examine parents' views on parenting in Germany. The data comprised standardized interviews with 1652 mothers and fathers. We focused on three dimensions of parental pressures: namely, time pressure, financial pressure, and pressure that emanates from the educational system. Time pressure referred to the pressure currently felt, whereas financial pressure and pressure from the educational system referred to changes across time. In each of these domains, more than 60\% of the parents experienced high (time) or increasing (education and financial) pressure. Binary logistic regressions showed that while parental education was a strong predictor of experiencing an increase in financial pressure, parental education did not matter for other realms of parenting. However, employment and family form were strongly related to parental time pressure. Full-time employed lone mothers, but also non-resident fathers, reported experiencing heavy pressure when trying to balance their roles as a worker and as a carer. Our results draw attention to the importance of better integrating the needs of post-separation families, including of non-resident fathers, in the debate on the "intensification of parenting".}, language = {en} }