@book{CedermanHugWucherpfennig, author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Hug, Simon and Wucherpfennig, Julian}, title = {Sharing Power, Securing Peace? Ethnic Inclusion and Civil War.}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {9781108418140}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @article{BrysonMalikova, author = {Bryson, Joanna and Malikova, Helena}, title = {Is There an AI Cold War?}, series = {Global Perspectives}, volume = {2}, journal = {Global Perspectives}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1525/gp.2021.24803}, abstract = {Regulation is a means societies use to create the stability, public goods, and infrastructure they need to thrive securely. This policy brief is intended to both document and to address claims of a new AI cold war: a binary competition between the United States and China that is too important for other powers to either ignore or truly participate in directly, beyond taking sides. We argue that while some of the claims of this narrative are based at least in part on genuine security concerns and important unknowns, evidence for its extreme binary nature is lacking. This absence of factual evidence is concerning, because related geopolitical tensions may be used to interfere with regulation of AI and agencies associated with its development. Here we first document and then analyze the extremely bipolar picture prominent policymakers and political commentators have been recently painting of the AI technological situation, portraying China and the United States as the only two global powers. We then examine the plausibility of these claims using two measures: internationally registered AI patents and the market capitalization of the companies that hold them. These two measures, while each somewhat arbitrary and imperfect, are often deployed in the context of the binary narrative and can therefore be seen as conservative choices in that they should favor exactly the "champions" of that narrative. In fact, these measures do not produce bipolar results: Chinese capacity has been exaggerated and that of other global regions deprecated. These findings call into question the motivation behind the documented claims, though they also further illuminate the uncertainty concerning digital technology security. We recommend that all parties engage in contributing to a safe, secure, and transparent regulatory landscape.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Anheier, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Encyclopedia of Global Studies Revisited}, series = {Religion, Conflict, and Global Society: A Festschrift Celebrating Mark Juergensmeyer}, journal = {Religion, Conflict, and Global Society: A Festschrift Celebrating Mark Juergensmeyer}, editor = {Sheikh, Mona Kanwal and Svensson, Isak}, publisher = {Danish Institute for International Studies}, address = {Copenhagen}, doi = {-}, pages = {223 -- 231}, abstract = {In 2006 Mark Juergensmeyer, Victor Faessel and I discussed the possibility of a future encyclopedia of global studies as a central reference for this emerging yet ill-defined field. Some five years later, after many discussions about its structure and content and countless hours spent researching, writing, editing and revising, the Encyclopedia of Global Studies was published in 2012 as a four-volume set running to nearly 2,000 pages. With nearly 700 signed entries penned by hundreds of authors from across the social sciences and humanities, it was the first of its kind to take stock of knowledge in the field.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Zur Zukunft der Public Policy School: Ein Essay}, series = {Theorie als Beruf}, booktitle = {Theorie als Beruf}, editor = {Bachmann, Ulrich and Schwinn, Thomas}, publisher = {Springer - VS Verlag f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften}, isbn = {9783658319991}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-32000-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {87 -- 106}, abstract = {In starkem Kontrast zu anderen Wissenschaftsnationen hat Deutschland bis vor kurzem kaum Public Policy Schools hervorgebracht. Damit gemeint sind universit{\"a}re Einrichtungen, die in der Forschung interdisziplin{\"a}r und anwendungsorientiert ausgerichtet sind und in der Lehre vornehmlich postgraduelle Abschl{\"u}sse anbieten. Zwar gibt es seit der Jahrtausendwende Neugr{\"u}ndungen - denken wir an die Hertie School of Governance, die NRW School of Governance oder die Willy-Brand-School of Governance an der Universit{\"a}t Erfurt, die Hochschule f{\"u}r Politik an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen und in gewisser Hinsicht auch seit l{\"a}ngerem die Universit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer - aber es sind letztlich doch wenige im Vergleich zu den zahlreichen Einrichtungen in den USA, Kanada und Großbritannien.}, language = {de} } @article{ChandraShangMair, author = {Chandra, Yanto and Shang, Liang and Mair, Johanna}, title = {Drivers of success in social innovation: Insights into competition in open social innovation contests}, series = {Journal of Business Venturing Insights}, volume = {16}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing Insights}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00257}, abstract = {Social innovation is a fast-growing field of practice that has caught the attention of management and entrepreneurship scholars. The recent excitement surrounding "open social innovation" contests raises the question of what makes social innovation solutions successful contenders in these ubiquitous contests. We used uniquely assembled data, including data generated from external evaluators, to explore what determines success in an open social innovation contest (n = 150 out of 871 entries) in the field of poverty alleviation. We found that innovators who had networks with corporations and those who had commercial orientations were more likely to succeed in open social innovation contests. We also discovered that the perceived usefulness and innovativeness of social innovation solutions mediated these positive relationships. Our study offers early insights that deepen our understanding of success in the growing practice of open social innovation.}, language = {en} } @article{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {How Loud Do the Alarm Bells Toll? Execution of 'Article 18 Judgments' of the European Court of Human Rights}, series = {European Convention on Human Rights Law Review}, journal = {European Convention on Human Rights Law Review}, issn = {2666-3228}, doi = {10.1163/26663236-bja10024}, abstract = {This article investigates whether Article 18 judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, indicating that the state authorities pursued ulterior and illegitimate motives when violating the Convention, receive the seriousness and the urgency that they call for at the execution phase. By way of an analysis of the responses of the Committee of Ministers and states on the receiving end of Article 18 judgments between 2004 and June 2021, this article finds that the collective responsiveness of the Committee of Ministers to Article 18 judgments has increased over time, especially with respect to individual measures required to implement Article 18 judgments. So far, the responsiveness of individual states to their Article 18 judgments does, however, vary significantly, ranging from taking concrete steps to implement the judgments to outright resistance and no response, posing a significant risk to the Convention system's ability to respond to the decay of rule of law.}, language = {en} } @article{CareyGohdes, author = {Carey, Sabine C. and Gohdes, Anita R.}, title = {Understanding Journalist Killings}, series = {The Journal of Politics}, journal = {The Journal of Politics}, issn = {1468-2508}, doi = {10.1086/715172}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-40799}, abstract = {Why do state authorities murder journalists? We show that the majority of journalists are killed in democracies and present an argument that focuses on institutional differences between democratic states. In democracies, journalists will most likely be targeted by local state authorities that have limited options to generally restrict press freedom. Where local governments are elected, negative reporting could mean that local politicians lose power and influence, especially if they are involved in corrupt practices. Analyzing new global data on journalist killings that identify the perpetrator and visibility of the journalist, we show that local-level elections carry an inherent risk, particularly for less visible journalists. Killings perpetrated by criminal groups follow a similar pattern to those by state authorities, pointing to possible connections between these groups. Our study shows that without effective monitoring and accountability, national democratic institutions alone are unable to effectively protect journalists from any perpetrator.}, language = {en} } @article{BanerjeeFinkelsteinHannaetal., author = {Banerjee, Abhijiit and Finkelstein, Amy and Hanna, Rema and Olken, Benjamin A. and Ornaghi, Arianna and Sumarto, Sudarno}, title = {The Challenges of Universal Health Insurance in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia's National Health Insurance}, series = {American Economic Review}, volume = {111}, journal = {American Economic Review}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1257/aer.20200523}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-40802}, pages = {3035 -- 3063}, abstract = {To investigate barriers to universal health insurance in developing countries, we designed a randomized experiment involving about 6,000 households in Indonesia who are subject to a government health insurance program with a weakly enforced mandate. Time-limited subsidies increased enrollment and attracted lower-cost enrollees, in part by reducing the strategic timing of enrollment to correspond with health needs. Registration assistance also increased enrollment, but increased attempted enrollment much more, as over one-half of households who attempted to enroll did not successfully do so. These findings underscore how weak administrative capacity can create important challenges in developing countries for achieving widespread coverage.}, language = {en} } @article{HowardOrnaghi, author = {Howard, Greg and Ornaghi, Arianna}, title = {Closing Time: The Local Equilibrium Effects of Prohibition}, series = {Journal of Economic History}, volume = {81}, journal = {Journal of Economic History}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1017/S0022050721000346}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-40818}, pages = {792 -- 830}, abstract = {How do different local policies in a federal system affect local land values, production, and sorting? We study the question exploiting a large historical policy change: U.S. Alcohol Prohibition in the early twentieth century. Comparing same- state early and late adopters of county dry laws in a difference-in-differences design, we find that early Prohibition adoption increased population and farm real estate values. Moreover, we find strong effects on farm productivity consistent with increased investment due to a land price channel. In equilibrium, the policy change disproportionately attracted immigrants and African-Americans.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Nongovernmental Organizations}, series = {The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, booktitle = {The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, editor = {Ritzer, George}, publisher = {JohnWiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, address = {New Jersey}, isbn = {9781405124331}, doi = {10.1002/9781405165518}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Nongovernmental organizations or NGOs are part of a larger set of organizations that are self-governing, not-for-profit, noncompulsory, and institutionally separate from government. They emerged mostly during the process of mid-twentieth-century modernization and globalization, grew in scale and scope in subsequent decades, and assumed greater importance following the end of the Cold War. This was largely due to favorable economic, political, and social conditions after 1989. They fulfill four major roles: as service providers, innovators, value-guardians, and advocates. NGOs are trying to adjust to less favorable conditions in the early twenty-first century while many innovations are taking place.}, language = {en} } @article{RuhnauBucksteegRitteretal., author = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Bucksteeg, Michael and Ritter, David and Schmitz, Richard and B{\"o}ttger, Diana and Koch, Matthias and P{\"o}stges, Arne and Wiedmann, Michael and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Why electricity market models yield different results: Carbon pricing in a model-comparison experiment}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2021.111701}, abstract = {The European electricity industry, the dominant sector of the world's largest cap-and-trade scheme, is one of the most-studied examples of carbon pricing. In particular, numerical models are often used to study the uncertain future development of carbon prices and emissions. While parameter uncertainty is often addressed through sensitivity analyses, the potential uncertainty of the models themselves remains unclear from existing single-model studies. Here, we investigate such model-related uncertainty by running a structured model comparison experiment, in which we exposed five numerical power sector models to aligned input parameters—finding stark model differences. At a carbon price of 27 EUR/t in 2030, the models estimate that European power sector emissions will decrease by 36-57\% when compared to 2016. Most of this variation can be explained by the extent to which models consider the market-driven decommissioning of coal- and lignite-fired power plants. Higher carbon prices of 57 and 87 EUR/t yield a stronger decrease in carbon emissions, by 45-75\% and 52-80\%, respectively. The lower end of these ranges can be attributed to the short-term fuel switch captured by dispatch-only models. The higher reductions correspond to models that additionally consider market-based investment in renewables. By further studying cross-model variation in the remaining emissions at high carbon prices, we identify the representation of combined heat and power as another crucial driver of differences across model results.}, language = {en} } @article{CloeteRuhnauCloeteetal., author = {Cloete, Schalk and Ruhnau, Oliver and Cloete, Jan Hendrik and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Blue hydrogen and industrial base products: The future of fossil fuel exporters in a net-zero world}, publisher = {Journal of Cleaner Production Vo. 363}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132347}, abstract = {Is there a place for today's fossil fuel exporters in a low-carbon future? This study explores trade channels between energy exporters and importers using a novel electricity-hydrogen-steel energy systems model calibrated to Norway, a major natural gas producer, and Germany, a major energy consumer. Under tight emission constraints, Norway can supply Germany with electricity, (blue) hydrogen, or natural gas with re-import of captured CO2. Alternatively, it can use hydrogen to produce steel through direct reduction and supply it to the world market, an export route not available to other energy carriers due to high transport costs. Although results show that natural gas imports with CO2 capture in Germany is the least-cost solution, avoiding local CO2 handling via imports of blue hydrogen (direct or embodied in steel) involves only moderately higher costs. A robust hydrogen demand would allow Norway to profitably export all its natural gas production as blue hydrogen. However, diversification into local steel production, as one example of easy-to-export industrial base products, offers an effective hedge against the possibility of lower European blue hydrogen demand. Thus, it is recommended that hydrocarbon exporters like Norway consider a strategic energy export transition to a diversified mix of blue hydrogen and climate-neutral industrial base products.}, language = {en} } @article{UzoMair, author = {Uzo, Uchenna and Mair, Johanna}, title = {How informality affects habitual improvisation in firms: insights from the Nigerian movie industry}, series = {International Studies of Management \& Organization}, volume = {51}, journal = {International Studies of Management \& Organization}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1080/00208825.2021.1898102}, pages = {162 -- 184}, abstract = {Research has often underestimated the pervasive and global occurrence of informality because studies largely define informality as illegal economic practices. This study adopts a multidimensional view of informality to explain how and why firms habitually improvise even when they do not experience unexpected or extreme eventualities. We addressed this concern through a comparative ethnographic study of three film production crews in the Nigerian movie industry. Our findings unravel the multiple dimensions of informality and define habitual improvization. We build a theoretical model that traces the organizing principles of informality and how they affect the modes of implementation and outcomes of habitual improvization. Finally, we offer an agenda for future theoretical and empirical research on informality and organizational improvization.}, language = {en} } @article{UzoMairAdewusi, author = {Uzo, Uchenna and Mair, Johanna and Adewusi, Adedeji}, title = {How firms strategically navigate informal and formal copyright practices: insights from Nollywood}, series = {International Journal of Organizational Analysis}, volume = {ahead-of-print}, journal = {International Journal of Organizational Analysis}, number = {ahead-of-print}, issn = {1934-8835}, doi = {10.1108/IJOA-06-2020-2236}, abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain how and why firms configure copyright practices when confronted with state-sanctioned laws and informal customs projected by local ethnic or religious communities. Design/methodology/approach A multi-case inductive study of four film-producing organizations within the Nigerian film industry (i.e. Nollywood) was conducted. Specifically considered were firms that started their operations around the same time with similar founding conditions, experiences, resources and technical competencies. Field observations and multiple rounds of in-depth interviews were conducted to achieve the research objectives. Findings The study found that firms adopted dominant or hybrid configurations when interacting with informality and formality. Dominant configurations represent the exclusive adoption of informal copyright practices while hybrid configurations refer to the blended use of informal and formal copyright practices. The second set of findings revealed that each firm's strategic intent affected the type of interactional configuration that unfolded in the firm. Specifically, firms with social intents tended to adopt dominant configurations, whereas firms with socio-economic intents tended to adopt hybrid configurations. Practical implications The study implies that firms may profit from strategically focusing on when and in what circumstances to adopt informality. Strategic intents that blend social and economic rationales may secure more positive interactive outcomes from internal and external stakeholders promoting formality and informality. Social implications This study highlights the fact that firms embedded in local religious and ethnic communities use organizational practices to solve social and institutional problems of their members. The copyright practices of these organizations encourage apprenticeship, youth empowerment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that goes beyond macro-level analysis to investigate the interactional dynamics between formality and informality at the firm, community, and state levels. The study is also first of its kind to use copyright practices as an analytical lens to explore the interaction between informality and formality.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MairGegenhuber, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mair, Johanna and Gegenhuber, Thomas}, title = {Open Social Innovation}, series = {Stanford Social Innovation Review}, journal = {Stanford Social Innovation Review}, pages = {26 -- 33}, language = {en} } @incollection{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {The Universalization of Ethical Universalism}, series = {The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government}, booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government}, editor = {B{\aa}genholm, Andreas and Bauhr, Monika and Grimes, Marcia and Rothstein, Bo}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford, United Kingdom}, isbn = {9780198858218}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198858218.013.3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {This chapter argues that the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in 2004 and its subsequent ratification by more than 180 parties indicates universal agreement on the norms of quality of government, putting an end to moral relativist arguments. While UNCAC does not define corruption, it defines good governance and sets ethical universalism as its key benchmark. The chapter then follows the intellectual history of this concept and its remarkable success, with the norm of equal, fair, and nondiscriminatory treatment of every citizen present in every current constitutional contract. Ratification does not necessarily mean implementation when corruption is concerned, and the chapter surveys limitations to the practice of ethical universalism in governance and existing approaches to narrow the gap between norm and practice. Keywords: corruption, quality of government, equality of opportunity, ethical universalism, good governance}, language = {en} } @article{EickeRuhnauHirth, author = {Eicke, Anselm and Ruhnau, Oliver and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Electricity balancing as a market equilibrium: An instrument-based estimation of supply and demand for imbalance energy}, doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105455}, abstract = {Frequency stability requires equalizing supply and demand for electricity at short time scales. Such electricity balancing is often understood as a sequential process in which random shocks, such as weather events, cause imbalances that system operators close by activating balancing reserves. By contrast, we study electricity balancing as a market where the equilibrium price (imbalance price) and quantity (system imbalance) are determined by supply and demand. System operators supply imbalance energy by activating reserves; market parties that, deliberately or not, deviate from schedules create a demand for imbalance energy. The incentives for deliberate strategic deviations emerge from wholesale market prices and the imbalance price. We empirically estimate the demand curve of imbalance energy, which describes how sensitive market parties are to imbalance prices. To overcome the classical endogeneity problem of price and quantity, we deploy instruments derived from a novel theoretical framework. Using data from Germany, we find a decline in the demand for imbalance energy by 2.2 MW for each increase in the imbalance price by EUR 1 per MWh. This significant price response is remarkable because the German regulator prohibits strategic deviations. We also estimate cross-market equilibriums between intraday and imbalance markets, finding that a shock to the imbalance price triggers a subsequent adjustment of the intraday price.}, language = {en} } @article{Graf, author = {Graf, Lukas}, title = {Leveraging Regional Differences and Cross-border Collective Institutions: The Case of Skill Formation and Employment in the Border Region of France, Germany, and Switzerland}, series = {Swiss Political Science Review}, volume = {27}, journal = {Swiss Political Science Review}, number = {2}, issn = {1662-6370}, doi = {10.1111/spsr.12442}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-40302}, pages = {369 -- 389}, abstract = {European cross-border regions often display substantial political and economic activity. A key example is the French-German-Swiss Upper Rhine region, where three distinct national governance models come together. In this dynamic cross-border industry cluster, traditional political-administrative units often do not meet the functional needs of employers and (future) employees. This comparative institutional analysis refers to Varieties of Capitalism and Local Production Systems perspectives to explore the operations of this cluster. It finds two main patterns through which education and training are embedded in the cross-border context: on the one hand, the leveraging of distinct institutional advantages in the different parts of the region and, on the other, the creation of cross-border collective competition goods in the form of jointly provided educational institutions. Through these two strategies, local actors within the cross-border industry cluster can turn their peripheral location into an institutional advantage.}, subject = {-}, language = {en} } @article{EngelGoergTraxler, author = {Engel, Christoph and Goerg, Sebastian and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Intensified support for juvenile offenders on probation: Evidence from Germany}, series = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1111/jels.12311}, pages = {447 -- 490}, abstract = {This paper studies a probation program in Cologne, Germany. The program, which has a clear rehabilitative focus, offers intensified personal support to serious juvenile offenders over the first 6 months of their probation period. To evaluate the program's impact on recidivism, we draw on two research designs. Firstly, a small-scale randomized trial assigns offenders to probation with regular or intensified support. Secondly, a regression discontinuity design exploits a cutoff that defines program eligibility. The results suggest that the program reduces recidivism. The effect seems persistent over at least 3 years. Our evidence further indicates that the drop in recidivism is strongest among less severe offenders.}, language = {en} } @article{Cingolani, author = {Cingolani, Luciana}, title = {Infrastructural state capacity in the digital age: What drives the performance of COVID-19 tracing apps?}, series = {Governance}, journal = {Governance}, doi = {10.1111/gove.12666}, pages = {1 -- 23}, abstract = {In a context where states increasingly complement their physical presence with digital means, the classic idea of infrastructural state power needs reconsideration. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unparalleled opportunity to that end, given the uniformity of one type of digital infrastructural intervention - the offer of contact tracing apps - and its highly varying performance across geographies. Against this backdrop, the article seeks to expand traditional discussions on state infrastructural power by testing a series of propositions on the explanatory factors behind tracing apps' emergence and adoption rates. The findings stemming from a pool of 150 countries show no straightforward connection between traditional and digital forms of infrastructural power. They also point at the primacy of governmental trust over financial, institutional, and technological factors - including privacy standards - when explaining high adoption, suggesting that the relational aspect of infrastructural power acquires a proportionally greater weight in the digital era.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KalkuhlFlachslandKnopfetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kalkuhl, Matthias and Flachsland, Christian and Knopf, Brigitte and Amberg, Maximilian and Bergmann, Tobias and Kellner, Maximilian and St{\"u}ber, Sophia and Haywood, Luke and Roolfs, Christina and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Auswirkungen der Energiepreiskrise auf Haushalte in Deutschland: sozialpolitische Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen}, organization = {Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH}, pages = {1-37}, language = {de} }