@book{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {A Tale of Two Villages. Coerced Modernization in the East European Countryside}, publisher = {Central European University Press}, address = {Budapest}, isbn = {978-963-9776-78-4}, pages = {232}, abstract = {A non-fiction book about the social engineering operated in rural Eastern Europe by the Communist regime, based on the history of two villages in Romania. One of the two villages is the birthplace of Nicolae Ceausescu, the former Communist dictator, Scornicesti, which received massive investment during communist years and was turned into a mixture of underdeveloped village and industrial town. The other is Nucsoara, the Carpathian cradle of peasants' resistance against Communism, where half the village was executed or imprisoned and their lands divided between the other half. The state intervention failed in both villages to attain the planned objectives, but it nevertheless changed fundamentally the life of villagers. This book is mostly about the consequences of unlimited state power over people and communities.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {The Splintering of Postcommunist Europe}, series = {Journal of Democracy}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of Democracy}, number = {1}, editor = {Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F.}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, address = {Baltimore}, issn = {1045-5736}, pages = {88 -- 100}, abstract = {There are two radically different versions of the postcommunist narrative. One tells the triumphal tale of the only world region in which the reforms recommended by the "Washington consensus" worked. The other and more realistic account speaks of a historic window of opportunity that lasted for only a quarter-century, during which efforts by the West and patriotic elites of Central and Eastern Europe managed to drag the region into Europe proper, leaving Europe and Russia pitted against each other along the old "civilizational" border between them. This essay argues that while Institutional choices matter in the postcommunist world, geopolitical and civilizational boundaries still set the horizons of political possibility.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {The Legacies of 1989: The Transformative Power of Europe}, series = {Journal of Democracy}, volume = {25}, journal = {Journal of Democracy}, number = {1}, editor = {Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F.}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, address = {Baltimore}, issn = {1045-5736}, pages = {20 -- 32}, abstract = {Why has the EU succeeded in promoting democracy in the new member states but failed in promoting good governance? This essay seeks to answer this question first by distinguishing governance from political regimes, and second by exploring to what extent national governance—which is defined as the set of formal and informal institutions that determine who gets what in a given country—is susceptible to being improved by external pressure or intervention. It concludes that improving governance remains a challenge even for the democratic character of the European project.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Controlling Corruption Through Collective Action}, series = {Journal of Democracy}, volume = {24}, journal = {Journal of Democracy}, number = {1}, editor = {Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F.}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, address = {Baltimore}, issn = {1045-5736}, pages = {101 -- 115}, abstract = {Control of corruption in a society is an equilibrium between resources and costs which either empowers or constraints elites predatory behavior. While most research and practice focuses on legal constraints, this paper investigates normative constraints, deemed to be more important, especially civil society and the press. Fresh evidence—both historical and statistical—is found to support Tocqueville's assertions regarding the importance of collective action and the joint action of media and associations in not only creating a democratic society, but controlling corruption as well. However, little is known on how to build normative constraints.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Becoming Denmark: Historical Designs of Corruption Control}, series = {Social Research: An International Quarterly}, volume = {80}, journal = {Social Research: An International Quarterly}, number = {4}, editor = {Mack, Arien}, publisher = {The Johns Hopkins University Press}, address = {Baltimore}, issn = {0037-783X}, pages = {1259 -- 1286}, abstract = {This paper conceptualizes public corruption as part of a broader social order context. It argues that corruption should not be conceived of as a social 'malady' to be eradicated, but rather as a default governance regime. People naturally favor their own, be it family, clan, race or ethnic group: treating the rest of the world fairly seems to be a matter of extensive social evolution and sufficient resources. Very few societies have evolved from this natural state of affairs to produce a state which can be expected to treat everyone equally and fairly, and to put public above private interest, when entrusted with the management of common affairs and resources. The paper surveys the approaches to anticorruption of three distinct political regimes, monarchy, medieval republic and modern democracy to conclude that current anticorruption should be conceptualized as solving collective action problems rather than as repression of deviance.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidiAnagnostou, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Anagnostou, Dia}, title = {Domestic Implementation of Human Rights Judgments in Europe: Legal Infrastructure and Government Effectiveness Matter}, series = {The European Journal of International Law}, volume = {25}, journal = {The European Journal of International Law}, number = {1}, editor = {Weiler, Joseph}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0938-5428}, doi = {10.1093/ejil/chu001}, pages = {205 -- 227}, abstract = {Over the past couple of years, international law and international relations scholarship has shifted its focus from the question of whether human rights treaties bring any state-level improvements at all to investigations in the domestic context of the factors and dynamics influencing state compliance. In this direction, and focusing on the European Court of Human Rights, this study inquires into the factors that account for variable patterns of state compliance with its judgments. Why do national authorities in some states adopt a more prompt and responsive attitude in implementing these judgments, in contrast to other states that procrastinate or respond reluctantly? On the basis of a large-N study of the Strasbourg Court's judgments and a comparison across nine states, this article argues that variation in state implementation performance is closely linked to the overall legal infrastructure capacity and government effectiveness of a state. When such capacity and effectiveness are high and diffused, the adverse judgments of the Strasbourg Court are unlikely to be obstructed or ignored, even when the government, political elites, or other actors are reluctant and not in favour of substantive remedies.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Good governance powers innovation}, series = {Nature}, volume = {518}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7539}, editor = {Campbell, Philip}, issn = {0028-0836}, pages = {295 -- 297}, abstract = {Many believe innovation can lead the way out of the present economic crisis. In Europe and the United States leaders have repeatedly referred to the importance of innovation, research and education to sustaining economic growth. The concept that innovation is the key to prosperity is great- but we must understand that this applies to a certain governance context which is seldom encountered in the real world.}, language = {en} } @book{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Transitions to Good Governance : creating Virtuous Circles of Anti-Corruption}, editor = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Johnston, Michael}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK; Northhampton, MA, USA}, isbn = {9781786439147; 9781786439161}, pages = {301}, abstract = {Why have so few countries managed to leave systematic corruption behind, while in many others modernization is still a mere fa{\c{c}}ade? How do we escape the trap of corruption, to reach a governance system based on ethical universalism? In this unique book, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi and Michael Johnston lead a team of eminent researchers on an illuminating path towards deconstructing the few virtuous circles in contemporary governance. The book combines a solid theoretical framework with quantitative evidence and case studies from around the world. While extracting lessons to be learned from the success cases covered, Transitions to Good Governance avoids being prescriptive and successfully contributes to the understanding of virtuous circles in contemporary good governance.}, language = {en} } @misc{MungiuPippidiDadašovDrapalovaetal., author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Dadašov, Ramin and Drapalova, Eliska and Mendelski, Martin}, title = {Beyond the Panama Papers : the Performance of EU Good Governance Promotion}, editor = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Warkotsch, Jana}, publisher = {Barbara Budrich Publishers}, address = {Opladen, Berlin, Toronto}, isbn = {978-3-8474-0582-5}, pages = {127}, abstract = {This last title in the series covers the most important findings of the five years EU sponsored ANTICORRP project dealing with corruption and organized crime. How prone to corruption are EU funds? Has EU managed to improve governance in the countries that it assists? Using the new index of public integrity and a variety of other tools created in the project this issue looks at how EU funds and norms affected old member states (like Spain), new member states (Slovakia, Romania), accession countries (Turkey) and the countries recipient of development funds (Egypt, Tanzania, Tunisia). The data covers over a decade of structural and development funds, and the findings show the challenges to changing governance across borders, the different paths that each country has experienced and suggest avenues of reforming development aid for improving governance.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {The time has come for evidence-based anticorruption}, series = {Nature Human Behaviour}, volume = {1}, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, number = {0011}, editor = {Kousta, Stavroula}, issn = {2397-3374}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-016-0011}, abstract = {Despite significant investment, contemporary anticorruption efforts have failed to be effective. A new index — the Index of Public Integrity — offers a transparent, evidence-based approach to controlling corruption and measuring progress.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {The Quest for Good Governance: Learning from Virtuous Circles}, series = {Journal of Democracy}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Democracy}, number = {1}, editor = {Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F.}, issn = {1045-5736}, pages = {95 -- 109}, abstract = {Once of interest mainly to specialists, the problem of explaining how institutions change is now a primary concern not only of economists, but of the international donor community as well. Many have come to believe that political institutions are decisive in shaping economic institutions and, with them, the course of innovation and investment that leads to a developed society. This is the shift from patrimonialism to ethical universalism, a transformation that most of today's advanced democracies accomplished through a long historical evolution. But there has been very little research on whether and how this kind of change can be engineered and speeded up by human design. The EU-funded ANTICORRP project that I have been leading aims to help fill this gap. The big challenge is to explain the shift of the governance paradigm from particularism to universalism in the few societies that have managed to accomplish it in the postwar era. Do these success stories offer any lessons about how other societies can make that journey?}, language = {en} } @incollection{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Corruption: Political and Public Aspects}, series = {International Encyclopedia of the Social \& Behavioral Sciences}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social \& Behavioral Sciences}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {9780080970868}, pages = {12 -- 20}, abstract = {The interest of social science, media, and policymakers for corruption has exploded after 1990 due to increasing evidence that corruption is accountable for poor growth and chronic underdevelopment. This had impressive policy consequences: by 2012, no less than 161 state parties had adopted the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which was put into force on 14 December 2005. This article discusses the various conceptualizations of corruption as an individual behavior as well as a governance regime (particularism), the evolution of Western thought until the adoption of ethical universalism as universal governance norm (with UNCAC) and the performance of countries in establishing control of corruption in historical and contemporary times.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {A House of Cards? Building the Rule of Law in East Central Europe.}, series = {The Western Balkans and the EU : "the hour of Europe"}, booktitle = {The Western Balkans and the EU : "the hour of Europe"}, editor = {Rupnik, Jacques}, edition = {Chaillot Papers No. 126}, publisher = {European Union Institute for Security Studies}, address = {Paris}, isbn = {978-92-9198-187-8}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1686644}, pages = {145 -- 162}, abstract = {This paper assesses the ten years of experience of East Central European (ECE) with the reform of the judiciary in view of EU accession. The paper examines in depth the cases where the challenges to rule of law and the EU conditionality were both at a maximum to generate some explanations (Romania, and Bulgaria in particular). It then proceeds to test the chief explanatory factors in a quantitative model of rule of law on the 28 postcommunist cases, concluding that democracy, and not organization or logistics is the most important determinant of rule of law.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidi, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {For a New Generation of Objective Indicators in Governance and Corruption Studies}, series = {European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research}, volume = {22}, journal = {European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research}, number = {3}, editor = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, issn = {0928-1371}, pages = {363 -- 367}, abstract = {While the last twenty years have seen the development of global rankings for corruption, allowing comparison between countries and shaming of corrupt governments, the measurements remain based largely on the perceptions of experts, and so lack both specificity and transparency. New research, based on a comprehensive theory of governance defined as the set of formal and informal institutions determining "who gets what" in a given context, allows for more specific and objective, albeit indirect, measurement of control of corruption. To uncover the institutional setting which empowers public integrity, such research tests numerous anti-corruption tools and good governance strategies in a comparative framework. The end result is an evidence-based national framework for control of corruption and a clear measure able to indicate both current status and change in corruption control from year to year or as a result of policy intervention.}, language = {en} } @article{MungiuPippidiDadašov, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Dadašov, Ramin}, title = {Measuring Control of Corruption by a New Index of Public Integrity}, series = {European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research}, volume = {22}, journal = {European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research}, number = {3}, editor = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, issn = {0928-1371}, pages = {415 -- 438}, abstract = {While the last 20 years saw the invention of corruption rankings, allowing comparison between countries and the shaming of corrupt governments, such measurements are largely based on the perceptions of experts, lacking both specificity and transparency. New research, based on a comprehensive theory of governance defined as the set of formal and informal institutions determining who gets what in a given context, allow for more specific and objective, albeit indirect, measurements of control of corruption. Such measurements focus on the institutional framework which empowers public integrity and eliminates many current anti-corruption tools, while validating others. Most importantly, it provides a broader specific context which can empower reforms based on evidence and a clear measure to determine status and progress of corruption control.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MungiuPippidi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina}, title = {Romania: study enemies of trust}, series = {Nature}, volume = {569}, journal = {Nature}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-019-01569-w}, language = {en} } @misc{MungiuPippidiHeywood, author = {Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina and Heywood, Paul M.}, title = {A Research Agenda for Studies of Corruption}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, isbn = {9781789904994}, pages = {232}, abstract = {This interdisciplinary Research Agenda contains state-of-the-art surveys of the field of corruption and points towards an agenda for future research. This comprehensive work covers the main approaches to diagnosing, analysing and measuring corruption, as well as the ways to tackle it. Chapters explore top political and grassroots corruption, buying and stealing votes, corruption in relation to gender and the media, digital anti-corruption and an examination of whistleblowing and market-based tools.}, language = {en} }