@article{ChierchiaPrzyrembelLesemannetal., author = {Chierchia, Gabriele and Przyrembel, Marisa and Lesemann, Franca Parianen and Bosworth, Steven and Snower, Dennis and Singer, Tania}, title = {Navigating Motivation: A Semantic and Subjective Atlas of 7 Motives}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568064}, abstract = {Research from psychology, neurobiology and behavioral economics indicates that a binary view of motivation, based on approach and avoidance, may be too reductive. Instead, a literature review suggests that at least seven distinct motives are likely to affect human decisions: "consumption/resource seeking," "care," "affiliation," "achievement," "status-power," "threat approach" (or anger), and "threat avoidance" (or fear). To explore the conceptual distinctness and relatedness of these motives, we conducted a semantic categorization task. Here, participants were to assign provided words to one of the motives. By applying principal component analysis to the categorization assignments we represent the semantic inter-relations of these motives on a two-dimensional space, a "semantic atlas." This atlas suggests that, while care and affiliation are conceptually close, affiliation is closer to threat avoidance (or fear); opposite to these motives we find achievement, consumption and power, with the latter lying closer to threat approach (or anger). In a second study, we asked participants to rate how well the motive-specific words obtained in the first study described their currently experienced feelings. We find that semantically close motives are also more likely to be experienced together, that is, we replicate most of the semantic relations in the "subjective atlas." We discuss our findings in comparison to other multi-dimensional models of motivation, which show clear similarities. In addition to these motivational atlases, we provide a database of motive-specific words, together with the valence and arousal scores. These can be used for future research on the influence of motives on decision making.}, subject = {-}, language = {en} } @techreport{FleurbaeyKanburSnower, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Fleurbaey, Marc and Kanbur, Ravi and Snower, Dennis}, title = {Efficiency and Equity in a Society-Economy Integrated Model}, edition = {CESifo Working Paper No. 9259}, pages = {56}, abstract = {A model that only focuses on economics relations, and in which efficiency and equity are defined in terms of resource allocation may miss an important part of the picture. We propose an integrated model that embeds economic activities in a larger game of social interactions, and define comprehensive notions of efficiency and equity. Social interactions provide additional sources of inefficiencies and inequalities, including through the mere lack of coordination between the regulation mechanisms of the economics sphere and the social sphere. Remedies may require more than market solutions and redistribution of resources. In particular, social norms are likely to play an important role.}, language = {en} } @article{SnowerBosworth, author = {Snower, Dennis and Bosworth, Steven}, title = {Economic, Social and Political Fragmentation: Linking Knowledge-Biased Growth, Identity, Populism and Protectionism}, series = {European Journal of Political Economy}, volume = {67}, journal = {European Journal of Political Economy}, number = {101965}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101965}, abstract = {This paper examines how economic fragmentation (widening inequality of skills, income and education) gives rise to social fragmentation (via incompatible social identities), generating political fragmentation (via incompatible economic policies). We consider three value-driven identities: individualism, focused on status concerns, communitarianism, focused on social affiliations, and multi-affiliatedness, encompassing both objectives. Under endogenous identity formation high-skill people are drawn to individualism, the lower-skilled to communitarianism, and those of intermediate skill to multi-affiliatedness. Skill- and education-biased growth leads to increasing social polarisation, expanding the individualistic and communitarian groups at the expense of multi-affiliates. This expands the political constituency for closed policies (such as protectionism, immigration controls and nationalism), even when these policies reduce everyone's living standards. Our analysis thereby helps explain the economic and social underpinnings of populism.}, language = {en} } @article{Snower, author = {Snower, Dennis}, title = {Economics Nears a New Paradigm}, series = {Evonomics}, journal = {Evonomics}, language = {en} } @article{Snower, author = {Snower, Dennis}, title = {Wie sich echter Wohlstand messen l{\"a}ss}, series = {Makronom}, journal = {Makronom}, abstract = {An vielen Orten auf der Welt erleben wir, wie sich das Gef{\"u}hl von Machtlosigkeit und sozialer Entfremdung breit macht - wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Wohlstand sind nicht mehr miteinander im Einklang, sie sind entkoppelt. Daher braucht es ein neues Verst{\"a}ndnis von Wohlstand.}, language = {de} } @techreport{LimadeMirandaSnower, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Lima de Miranda, Katharina and Snower, Dennis}, title = {The Societal Responses to COVID-19: Evidence from the G7 Countries}, pages = {29}, abstract = {This paper provides a new picture of how countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the effects of the pandemic in terms of normative foundations for societal wellbeing. Social prosperity depends primarily on the functioning of four domains: the economy, the state, civil society and the environment. We use the Recoupling Dashboard—composed of four main indexes: Solidarity (S), Agency (A), GDP (material Gain, G) and Environmental sustainability (E) —to uncover the divergent experiences of countries in 2020. This paper focuses on the G7 countries—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States—as the first step towards a wider appraisal. In all countries under review we see a sharp drop in GDP due to the pandemic and a corresponding drop in CO2 emissions. The uniformity of response in the economic and environmental domains stands in sharp contrast to the diversity of social responses to the challenge of cooperation that the coronavirus posed. The only clear pattern that emerges from cross-country comparisons is that Inward Solidarity, important for social cohesion in close social networks, and Outward Solidarity, important for the will to cooperate with other nations and cultures, have drifted apart in all G7 countries except Japan. Otherwise the movements in solidarity are highly idiosyncratic. In addition, the responses of Agency to the pandemic are diverse and are not noticeably correlated with the changes in Solidarity. The discrepancies in the social responses to the pandemic may be expected to have potentially important implications for how these countries fare during the pandemic and how well they come out of this crisis.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Snower, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Snower, Dennis}, title = {Capitalism Recoupled}, edition = {Centre for Economic Policy Research DP16302}, abstract = {This paper examines major forces that have decoupled economic and business prosperity from social prosperity and explores how recoupling can be promoted. Economists have specified well-known conditions under which free market enterprise with shareholder value maximization is efficient. These conditions are systematically violated by three forces {\^a}?? globalization, technological advance and financialization (GTF) {\^a}?? that have weakened the connections between economies and societies over the past four decades. Consequently, the recoupling process requires abandoning the default premise of economic decision making that social progress follows financial performance. For business, it calls for a move from shareholder to stakeholder value. For government, it calls for setting legal obligations, targets and incentives to ensure that stakeholder value is compatible with a rigorously defined concept of "societal and planetary value.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SnowerTwomey, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Snower, Dennis and Twomey, Paul}, title = {Humanistic Digital Governance}, edition = {Centre for Economic Policy Research DP15634}, abstract = {We identify an important feature of current digital governance systems: "third-party funded digital barter": consumers of digital services get many digital services for free (or underpriced) and in return have personal information about themselves collected for free. In addition, the digital consumers receive advertising and other forms of influence from the third parties that fund the digital services. The interests of the third-party funders are not well-aligned with the interests of the digital consumers. This fundamental flaw of current digital governance systems is responsible for an array of serious problems, including inequities, inefficiencies, manipulation of digital consumers, as well as dangers to social cohesion and democracy. We present four policy guidelines that aim to correct this flaw by shifting control of personal data from the data aggregators and their third-party funders to the digital consumers. The proposals cover "official data" that require official authentication, "privy data" that is either generated by the data subjects about themselves or by a second parties, and "collective data." The proposals put each of these data types under the individual or collective control of the data subjects. There are also proposals to mitigate asymmetries of information and market power.}, language = {en} } @article{Snower, author = {Snower, Dennis}, title = {We must chart a new course for digital governance}, series = {Die Zeit}, journal = {Die Zeit}, language = {en} } @article{Snower, author = {Snower, Dennis}, title = {V{\"o}llig falsche Richtung}, series = {Die Zeit}, journal = {Die Zeit}, language = {de} }