@article{DitlmannFirestone, author = {Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Firestone, Berenike}, title = {Werte in der Friedenspsychologie. Am Beispiel empirischer Forschung zu Holocaust-Erinnerung}, series = {Wissenschaft und Frieden}, volume = {42}, journal = {Wissenschaft und Frieden}, number = {2024/4}, issn = {0947-3971}, abstract = {Wie wirken Erinnerungsprojekte {\"u}ber den Holocaust auf Teilnehmende? Diesem Thema widmet sich unsere Forschung. Wir f{\"u}hren {\"u}berwiegend quantitative, empirische Studien durch und nutzen diese Methode, um die kausale Wirkung von Projekten zu verstehen. Dabei werden wir oft mit Fragen von Normativit{\"a}t konfrontiert und geraten an die Grenzen des Ideals der wertfreien Forschung. Dies entspricht einer besonderen Herausforderung f{\"u}r empirische forschende Friedenspsycholog*innen. Doch Werteentscheidungen m{\"u}ssen transparent gemacht und offen diskutiert werden.}, language = {de} } @incollection{DitlmannPaluck, author = {Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Paluck, Elizabeth Levy}, title = {Field Experiments}, series = {International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences}, editor = {Wright, James D.}, edition = {Second Edition}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, isbn = {(Electronic) 9780080970875, (Print) 9780080970868}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.10542-2}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {128 -- 134}, abstract = {Field experiments are experiments in settings with high degrees of naturalism. This article describes different types of field experiments, including randomized field trials, randomized rollout designs, encouragement designs, downstream field experiments, hybrid lab-field experiments, and covert population experiments, and discusses their intellectual background and benefits. It also lists methodological challenges researchers can encounter when conducting field experiments, including failure to treat, selective attrition, spillover, difficulty of replication, and black box causality, and discusses available solutions. Finally, it provides an overview over current and emerging directions in field experimentation and concludes with a brief history of field experiments.}, language = {en} } @article{DitlmannLagunesLevin, author = {Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Lagunes, Paul and Levin, Brian M.}, title = {Documenting the Undocumented: A Review of the United States' First Municipal ID Program}, series = {Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy}, volume = {24}, journal = {Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy}, doi = {10.7916/D8TX3MQS}, pages = {43 -- 62}, abstract = {The City of New Haven, CT, sought to promote the assimilation of its immigrants by becoming the first American city to provide a government-backed ID, the Elm City Resident Card, to all residents. This article tests the policy's effectiveness in commerce. We find that Hispanics/Latinos are asked to present an ID more than Whites/Anglos, showing that the former are in greater need of documentation, regardless of their citizenship status. When a Hispanic/Latino presented the Elm City Resident Card to a cashier, it fared only as well as an unofficial ID. Thus, we conclude that the card has negligible utility as a form of documentation.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnnabringDitlmannKempf, author = {Annabring, Ute and Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Kempf, Wilhelm}, title = {Die kognitive Repr{\"a}sentation von Nachkriegskonflikten imSpannungsfeld zwischen Mainstream-Diskurs undabweichender Berichterstattung}, series = {Nachrichtenmedien als Mediatoren von Demokratisierung, Peace-Building und Vers{\"o}hnung in Nachkriegsgesellschaften}, booktitle = {Nachrichtenmedien als Mediatoren von Demokratisierung, Peace-Building und Vers{\"o}hnung in Nachkriegsgesellschaften}, publisher = {Regener}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-936014-05-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {de} } @article{PesinMichaelDitlmannShnabel, author = {Pesin-Michael, Gali and Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Shnabel, Nurit}, title = {From the lab to the field and back: the effects of need satisfaction on reconciliation among Germans and Israelis}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1243158}, abstract = {Introduction: Previous lab experiments supported the needs-based model of reconciliation, which posits that discussing historical transgressions enhances the need for acceptance in groups perceived as perpetrators and empowerment in groups perceived as victims. Addressing these needs (e.g., through accepting or empowering messages from outgroup members) increases willingness to reconcile. This study tests this model in a real-world settings. Methods: Study 1 examined 143 German and Israeli Jewish participants from youth exchange programs, measuring their feelings of acceptance/empowerment, program satisfaction, outgroup attitudes, and keeping in touch with outgroup members. Study 2 examined 293 Israeli Jews, manipulating the salience of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians in a pre-registered laboratory experiment and measuring responses to accepting versus empowering messages from Germans. Results: As expected, Study 1 (N =143) found Germans' feelings of acceptance were linked to program satisfaction, positive outgroup attitudes, and keeping in touch. For Israeli Jews, feelings of empowerment were linked to satisfaction and positive attitudes, but keeping in touch was unexpectedly linked to acceptance. This unexpected effect maybe because keeping in touch is done mainly through social networks that focus on the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, often with a focus on Israel's transgressions against Palestinians. Consistent with this explanation, Study 2 (N=293, pre-registered) showed that Israeli Jews viewed accepting messages from Germans as more conciliatory when presented with transgressions against Palestinians, and empowering messages as more effective when presented with reminders of historical victimization by Nazis. Discussion: The findings from Study 1 partially support the needs-based model of reconciliation and additionally suggest that reconciliation needs vary with context. Implications for people-to-people peace-building interventions are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{TurkogluDitlmannFirestone, author = {Turkoglu, Oguzhan and Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Firestone, Berenike}, title = {Commemorating local victims of past atrocities and far-right support over time}, series = {PNAS}, volume = {120}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {28}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2221158120}, abstract = {Does public remembrance of past atrocities lead to decreased support for far-right parties today? Initiatives commemorating past atrocities aim to make visible the victims and crimes committed against them. This runs counter to revisionist actors who attempt to downplay or deny atrocities and victims. Memorials for victims might complicate such attempts and reduce support for revisionist actors. Yet, little empirical evidence exists on whether that happens. In this study, we examine whether exposure to local memorials that commemorate victims of atrocities reduces support for a revisionist far-right party. Our empirical case is the Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") memorial in Berlin, Germany. It commemorates victims and survivors of Nazi persecution in front of their last freely chosen place of residence. We employ time-series cross-sectional analyses and a discontinuity design using a panel dataset that matches the location and date of placement of new Stolpersteine with the election results from seven elections (2013 to 2021) at the level of polling station areas. We find that, on average, the presence of Stolpersteine is associated with a 0.96\%-point decrease in the far-right vote share in the following election. Our study suggests that local memorials that make past atrocities visible have implications for political behavior in the present.}, language = {en} } @article{DitlmannMoustakas, author = {Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Moustakas, Louis}, title = {Participatory Football and Social Development: Evaluating the Impact of football3 on and off the Pitch}, series = {Journal of Community \& Applied Social Psychology}, volume = {36}, journal = {Journal of Community \& Applied Social Psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/casp.70207}, abstract = {Sport for development (SFD) is a field that leverages sport to advance social development goals. Participatory and sport-didactical approaches, such as football3, prioritise social outcomes over competitive success. However, evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. This study presents results from a field experiment in Bulgaria, comparing schoolchildren engaged in the participatory football3 method to peers playing traditional football. We assess both on-pitch and off-pitch outcomes relevant to SFD, including life skills, social awareness, and school adaptation. Findings show that football3 encourages values like respect over excellence but also increases on-pitch conflict. Off the pitch, we observe mixed results: modest improvements in school adaptation, declines in some life skills, and mostly no effects on social awareness. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's community and social impact statement.}, language = {en} }