@article{RauwolfBryson, author = {Rauwolf, Paul and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Expectations of Fairness and Trust Co-Evolve in Environments of Partial Information}, series = {Dynamic Games and Applications}, volume = {8}, journal = {Dynamic Games and Applications}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1007/s13235-017-0230-x}, pages = {891 -- 917}, abstract = {When playing one-shot economic games, individuals often blindly trust others, accepting partnerships without any information regarding the trustworthiness of their partner. Consequently, they risk deleterious pacts. Oddly, when individuals do have information about another, they reject partnerships that are not fair, despite the fact that such offers are profitable—individuals costly punish. Why would one reject profitable partnerships on the one hand, but risk unknown offers on the other? Significant research has gone into explaining the contexts where blind trust or costly punishment provides an evolutionary advantage; however, both behaviours are rarely considered in tandem. Here we demonstrate that both behaviours can simultaneously be revenue maximizing. Further, given the plausible condition of partially obscured information and partner choice, trust mediates the generation of costly punishment. This result is important because it demonstrates that the evolutionary viability of trust, fairness, and costly punishment may be linked. The adaptive nature of fairness expectations can best be explained in concert with trust.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WilsonRauwolfBryson, author = {Wilson, Holly and Rauwolf, Paul and Bryson, Joanna}, title = {Evolutionary Psychology and Artificial Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Behaviour}, series = {The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology}, booktitle = {The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology}, editor = {Shackelford, Todd K.}, publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781526489166}, pages = {27}, abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a new landscape for humanity. Both what we can do, and the impact of our ordinary actions is changed by the innovation of digital and intelligent technology. In this chapter we postulate how AI impacts contemporary societies on an individual and collective level. We begin by teasing apart the current actual impact of AI on society from the impact that our cultural narratives surrounding AI has. We then consider the evolutionary mechanisms that maintain a stable society such as heterogeneity, flexibility and cooperation. Taking AI as a prosthetic intelligence, we discuss how—for better and worse—it enhances our connectivity, coordination, equality, distribution of control and our ability to make predictions. We further give examples of how transparency of thoughts and behaviours influence call-out culture and behavioural manipulation with consideration of group dynamics and tribalism. We next consider the efficacy and vulnerability of human trust, including the contexts in which blind trust in information is either adaptive or maladaptive in an age where the cost of information is decreasing. We then discuss trust in AI, and how we can calibrate trust as to avoid over-trust and mistrust adaptively, using transparency as a mechanism. We then explore the barriers for AI increasing accuracy in our perception by focusing on fake news. Finally, we look at the impact of information accuracy, and the battles of individuals against false beliefs. Where available, we use models drawn from scientific simulations to justify and clarify our predictions and analysis.}, language = {en} }