@techreport{Leichthammer, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Leichthammer, Arthur}, title = {Mining for Tomorrow: The strategic importance of critical raw materials for Europe's industry}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Arthur Leichthammer, Geoeconomics Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Centre, argues that the EU needs a strategic rethink to safeguard its critical raw materials supplies as global competition intensifies.}, language = {en} } @techreport{LeichthammerFabry, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Leichthammer, Arthur and Fabry, Elvire}, title = {The EU's Art of the Deal: Shaping a unified response to Trump's tariff threats}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Donald Trump's re-election as US president presents the European Union with significant economic and political challenges. The prospect of unilateral and aggressive US trade policies risks undermining the EU's collective economic interests and fragmenting its unity. However, the EU is better prepared to navigate these challenges than during Trump's first term. This policy brief explores the economic vulnerabilities the EU is exposed to by Trump's foreign economic policy and investigates the expanded tools at the EU's disposal to fend off this threat. Through a mix of deterrence strategies and targeted incentives such as increased energy and defence procurement, the EU can bolster its negotiating position, which strength will fundamentally rest on its unity. Moreover, the brief advocates for structural diversification of trade relationships to safeguard its long-term economic resilience.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Leichthammer, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Leichthammer, Arthur}, title = {Welcoming Chinese FDI with open arms - and a clenched fist}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Despite imposing substantial anti-subsidy tariffs on Chinese EVs, the EU has wisely kept the door open for Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) across the EV value chain. Chinese FDI can enhance EU competitiveness by introducing high-value jobs, technological transfers, and innovation. However, these economic benefits are not given. If gone unchecked, FDI could be used to circumvent tariffs without bringing added economic value, could undermine fair competition within the Single Market and bring security risk. A robust framework is needed to mitigate these risks. Three priorities stand out: ensuring that value is created within the Union and key components are produced locally, applying the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) to safeguard fair competition, and harmonising security standards to manage risks more effectively.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Leichthammer, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Leichthammer, Arthur}, title = {Navigating the Geoeconomic Tide: The Commission's quest for a policy compass}, pages = {10}, abstract = {In 2019, Ursula von der Leyen promised a geopolitical Commission. Back then, the proclamation was largely derided as empty rhetoric. However, in recent years, a dizzying number of geoeconomic initiatives have come from Brussels, revising and tweaking existing tools and measures, developing new instruments, and announcing a grand new European Economic Security Strategy. This policy brief examines the progress made and outlines the key challenges for the next Commission. While the current Commission expanded the EU's geoeconomic toolbox, the incoming Commission must prioritise harmonisation to prevent fragmentation, allocate substantial funds to enhance resilience, and streamline institutional processes to facilitate coherent policymaking at a European level.}, language = {en} }