@article{KreyenfeldPerelliHarrisSigleRushtonetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Perelli-Harris, Brienna and Sigle-Rushton, Wendy and Keizer, Renske and Lappegard, Trude and Jasilioniene, Aiva and Berghammer, Caroline and Di Giulio, Paola}, title = {Changes in union status during the transition to parenthood in eleven European countries, 1970s to early 2000s}, series = {Population Studies: A Journal of Demography}, volume = {66}, journal = {Population Studies: A Journal of Demography}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London [u.a.]}, issn = {1477-4747}, doi = {10.1080/00324728.2012.673004}, pages = {167 -- 182}, abstract = {Couples who have children are increasingly likely to have lived together without being married at some point in their relationship. Some couples begin their unions with cohabitation and marry before first conception, some marry during pregnancy or directly after the first birth, while others remain unmarried 3 years after the first birth. Using union and fertility histories since the 1970s for eleven countries, we examine whether women who have children in unions marry, and if so, at what stage in family formation. We also examine whether women who conceive when cohabiting are more likely to marry or separate. We find that patterns of union formation and childbearing develop along different trajectories across countries. In all countries, however, less than 40 per cent of women remained in cohabitation up to 3 years after the first birth, suggesting that marriage remains the predominant institution for raising children.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldZemanBurkimsheretal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Zeman, Krystof and Burkimsher, Marion and Jaschinski, Ina}, title = {Fertility Data for German speaking countries: What is the potential? Where are the pitfalls?}, series = {Comparative Population Studies}, volume = {36}, journal = {Comparative Population Studies}, number = {2-3}, publisher = {Bundesinstitut f{\"u}r Bev{\"o}lkerungsforschung}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1869-8980}, doi = {10.4232/10.CPoS-2011-06en}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-8807}, pages = {349 -- 380}, abstract = {This paper provides an overview of fertility data for Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Particular attention is given to the availability of order-specific fertility data. The authors discuss the quality of data provided by the Statistical Offices, both birth registration data and censuses or microcensuses. In addition, they explore how social science surveys can be used to generate order-specific fertility indicators, and compare survey fertility estimates with estimates from vital statistics. Prior studies have shown that there is a 'family bias' in most surveys, with the fertility of younger cohorts being overstated, because respondents with young children are easier to reach by interviewers. The authors' assessment of various types of surveys from the three countries mostly supports this notion. The 'family bias' is most pronounced in family surveys in contrast to all-purpose surveys. Weighting data does not fully cure the 'family bias', which the authors attribute to the fact that the number of children is usually not considered a factor in calculating sample weights, as provided by the survey agencies and Statistical Offices. The confounding role of migration in the production of reliable and comparable fertility statistics is also discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldGoldstein, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Goldstein, Joshua R.}, title = {Has East Germany overtaken West Germany? : Recent trends in order-specific fertility}, series = {Population and Development Review}, volume = {37}, journal = {Population and Development Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken [u.a.]}, issn = {1728-4457}, doi = {10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00430.x}, pages = {453 -- 472}, abstract = {Some 20 years after reunification, the contrast between East and West Germany offers a natural experiment for studying the degree of persistence of Communist-era family patterns, the effects of economic change, and fertility postponement. After reunification, period fertility rates plummeted in the former East Germany to record low levels. Since the mid-1990s, however, period fertility rates have been rising in East Germany, in contrast to the nearly constant rates seen in the West. By 2008, the TFR of East Germany had overtaken that of the West. We explore why fertility in East Germany is higher than in West Germany, despite unfavorable economic circumstances in the East. We address this and related questions by (a) presenting an account of the persisting East/West differences in attitudes toward and constraints on childbearing, (b) conducting an order-specific fertility analysis of recent fertility trends, and (c) projecting completed fertility for the recent East and west German cohorts. In addition to using the Human Fertility Database, perinatal statistics allow us to calculate a tempo-corrected TFR for East and West Germany.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Stieffamilien und die sp{\"a}tmoderne Vielfalt der Familie}, series = {Die notwendige Vielfalt von Familie und Partnerschaft}, booktitle = {Die notwendige Vielfalt von Familie und Partnerschaft}, publisher = {Ergon}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-89913-923-5}, pages = {233 -- 254}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldJaschinskiFuernkranzPrskawetzetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Jaschinski, Ina and F{\"u}rnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia and Sobotka, Tomas and Philipov, Dimiter and Bernardi, Laura and Goldstein, Joshua and Zeman, Krystof}, title = {Demographische Analyse der Fertilit{\"a}tsentwicklung}, series = {Zukunft mit Kindern: Fertilit{\"a}t und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland, {\"O}sterreich und der Schweiz}, booktitle = {Zukunft mit Kindern: Fertilit{\"a}t und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland, {\"O}sterreich und der Schweiz}, publisher = {Campus}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, pages = {116 -- 197}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldBastinSchnor, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Bastin, Sonja and Schnor, Christine}, title = {Diversit{\"a}t der Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland}, series = {Familie(n) heute : Entwicklungen, Kontroversen, Prognosen}, booktitle = {Familie(n) heute : Entwicklungen, Kontroversen, Prognosen}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-7799-2835-5}, pages = {116 -- 197}, abstract = {Der Band zeigt aktuelle Entwicklungen und greift familien- sowie paarsoziologische Diskurse und Kontroversen auf. Er informiert {\"u}ber Familienrealit{\"a}ten, Geschlechterverh{\"a}ltnisse, Leitbildwandel und Alltagspraxen in Familie und Paar. Die Beitr{\"a}ge bieten dem Fachpublikum sowie Studierenden {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den aktuellen Diskussionsstand und laden ein zur vertiefenden (Eigen-)Forschung. (Buchinhalt, Verlagstext)}, language = {de} } @techreport{Kreyenfeld, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Episode data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey}, series = {MPIDR Technical Report (No. 4/2012)}, journal = {MPIDR Technical Report (No. 4/2012)}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {21}, abstract = {This paper documents how to generate consistent education, employment, fertility and residential careers from the Russian Employment and Education Survey (EES). We describe how we imputed missing or inaccurate data. Furthermore, we estimate a first birth model to demonstrate how this data could be used for event history modelling. A sensitivity analysis shows that the results are very stable in respect to the imputation of missing dates. Data is organized in spell or episode format. For manipulating the data, we used the software STATA 10.0.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldKubisch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Kubisch, Olga}, title = {Data Documentation Germany: Documentation for the Human Fertility Base}, publisher = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, abstract = {The Human Fertility Database (HFD) is a joint project of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) in Rostock, Germany and the Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) in Vienna, Austria, based at MPIDR. We seek to provide free and user-friendly access to detailed and high-quality data on period and cohort fertility and thus to facilitate research on changes and inter-country differences in fertility in the past and in the modern era. The HFD is entirely based on official vital statistics and places a great emphasis on data checking and documentation and on warranting data comparability across time and countries by means of uniform methodology}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldPerelliHarrisKubisch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Perelli-Harris, Brienna and Kubisch, Karolin}, title = {Harmonized histories : Manual for the preparation of comparative fertility and union histories}, series = {MPIDR Working Paper (No. 11/2010)}, journal = {MPIDR Working Paper (No. 11/2010)}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {32}, abstract = {This document describes the standardization process of the Harmonized Histories. The Harmonized Histories is a comparative database of rich reproductive and union histories from surveys conducted in a number of countries in Europe. Given that birth and union data has been collected in a number of ways in different surveys, it has been very difficult to conduct cross-national analyses of recent union and fertility behavior over time. A team of researchers called the Nonmarital Childbearing Network has cleaned and standardized the surveys according to guidelines set out in this manual. Currently, the database includes data from the Generations and Gender Surveys (GGSs) in Italy, Germany, France, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Russia; the 2003 Dutch Fertility and Family Survey; and the British Household Panel Survey.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldPetersScholzetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Peters, Frederik and Scholz, Rembrandt and Wlosnewski, Ines}, title = {Order-specific fertility estimates based on perinatal statistics and statistics on out-of-hospital births}, series = {MPIDR Technical Report (No. 2/2011)}, journal = {MPIDR Technical Report (No. 2/2011)}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Until 2008, German vital statistics has not provided information on biological birth order. We have tried to close part of this gap by providing order-specific fertility rates generated from Perinatal Statistics and statistics on out-of-hospital births for the period 2001-2008. This investigation has been published in Comparative Population Studies (CPoS) (see Kreyenfeld, Scholz, Peters and Wlosnewski 2010). The CPoS-paper describes how data from the Perinatal Statistics and statistics on out-of-hospital births can be used to estimate order-specific fertility rates. The main purpose of this Technical Report is to make available the original birth counts, which were used in the study published in CPoS. Furthermore, we provide additional background information on the data sources in this report.}, language = {en} } @misc{HuininkKreyenfeldTrappe, author = {Huinink, Johannes and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Familie und Partnerschaft in Ost- und Westdeutschland : {\"a}hnlich und doch immer noch anders}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienforschung (Sonderheft 9)}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienforschung (Sonderheft 9)}, number = {9}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Opladen [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3847400417}, issn = {1437-2940}, pages = {327}, language = {de} } @techreport{KreyenfeldAnderssonPailhe, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Andersson, Gunnar and Pailh{\´e}, Ariane}, title = {Economic uncertainty and family dynamics in Europe : Introduction to special issue of demographic research}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-8672}, pages = {24}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldAnderssonPailhe, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Andersson, Gunnar and Pailh{\´e}, Ariane}, title = {Economic uncertainty and family dynamics in Europe: Introduction}, series = {Demographic Research}, volume = {27}, journal = {Demographic Research}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.28}, pages = {835 -- 852}, abstract = {Background: Economic uncertainty has become an increasingly important factor in explanations of declining fertility and postponed family formation across Europe. Yet the micro-level evidence on this topic is still limited. Objective: This special collection of Demographic Research focuses on the issue of how economic and employment uncertainties relate to fertility and family dynamics in Europe. Methods: The collection is comprised of studies that explore how various dimensions of employment uncertainty, such as temporary working contracts and individual and aggregate unemployment, are related to the fertility and family formation of women and men across Europe. The studies cover Germany, the UK, France, Russia, Estonia, Sweden, Italy, Spain, and Israel. Results: The various micro-level studies that are assembled in this special collection do not provide a simple answer to the question of whether and how economic uncertainty suppresses (or stimulates) fertility. However, some systematic variation by welfare state regime is discernable. Conclusions: Given the recent economic volatility in Europe, we expect that labor market uncertainties will remain an important component of explanations of fertility developments in the 21st century.}, language = {en} } @periodical{KreyenfeldMartin, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Martin, Valerie}, title = {The Dynamics of Stepfamilies in Cross-National Perspective}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienforschung (ZfF)}, volume = {23}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienforschung (ZfF)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Leverkusen [u.a.]}, issn = {1437-2940}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-8727}, pages = {139}, abstract = {Zahl und Bedeutung von Stieffamilien sind in Europa in den letzten Jahren gestiegen. Dem geringen Niederschlag dieser Tendenz in der Forschung tr{\"a}gt das vorliegende Themenheft Rechnung. Der wesentliche Unterschied zwischen der heutigen und der historischen Stieffamilie liegt in dem Umstand, dass das zweite biologische Elternteil heute in der Regel noch am Leben ist. Stieffamilien sind eine sehr komplexe Gr{\"o}ße, und es gibt vielerlei Wege in die Stieffamilie hinein. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden hier Beitr{\"a}ge vorgelegt, die Evolution und Entwicklung von Stieffamilien aus einer dynamischen Perspektive beschreiben. Der Beitrag gibt einen thematischen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber diese Beitr{\"a}ge. (ICE)}, language = {en} } @misc{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Ein Leben ohne Kinder: Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland}, publisher = {VS-Verl.}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3531149332}, pages = {432}, abstract = {Trotz der offensichtlichen sozialpolitischen Relevanz und großen medialen Aufmerksamkeit des Ph{\"a}nomens Kinderlosigkeit sind das Ausmaß, die Ursachen und die Konsequenzen der Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland bislang unzureichend untersucht worden, mit der Folge, dass in {\"o}ffentlichen Debatten eine unkritische Verwendung irref{\"u}hrender, wenn nicht falscher Angaben {\"u}ber Kinderlosigkeit vorherrscht. Das Ziel des Bandes besteht vor diesem Hintergrund darin, das Ph{\"a}nomen der Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland analytisch differenziert zu durchdringen und belastbare Daten und Ergebnisse {\"u}ber das Ausmaß und die Struktur, die Ursachen und Folgen von Kinderlosigkeit zu pr{\"a}sentieren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kreyenfeld, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Employment and Fertility: East Germany in the 1990s}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Rostock}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {260}, abstract = {Almost simultaneously with German reunification, eastern German birth rates fell to record lows. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of the labor market and of family policies in fertility decisions in the 1990s. In addition, factors are discussed that worked against a convergence of birth rates in east and west despite the political and legal unification of the formerly separated German states. Alongside developments on the labor market, it is examined how the differences in female employment and in the structural conditions affecting a woman's ability to combine work and family. The German Micro-Census and the German Socio-Economic Panel serve as the data base - event-analytical models of the transition to the first and second child are estimated. One of the fundamental results of the empirical analysis is that eastern German women continue to be somewhat younger than western German women when they have their first child. Surprisingly, unemployment (this includes both male and female unemployment) does not cause couples to postpone the birth of their first child. When it comes to having a second child, the situation is reversed. Eastern German couples are less apt to decide to have a second child than their western German counterparts. Furthermore, the employment situation - especial that of the partner - plays a crucial role in the decision to have a larger family.}, language = {en} } @book{KreyenfeldSpiessWagner, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Spieß, Katharina and Wagner, Gert}, title = {Finanzierungs- und Organisationsmodelle institutioneller Kinderbetreuung}, publisher = {Luchterhand}, address = {Neuwied}, isbn = {978-3472045182}, pages = {244}, abstract = {Die Studie untersucht neben der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie die Qualit{\"a}tssicherung in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Es wurde eine Verteilungsrechnung der Kinderbetreuungssubventionen in Deutschland durchgef{\"u}hrt.}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldHuininkTrappeetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Huinink, Johannes and Trappe, Heike and Walke, Rainer}, title = {DemoDiff: A dataset for the study of family change in Easter (and Western) Germany}, series = {Schmollers Jahrbuch : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften}, volume = {132}, journal = {Schmollers Jahrbuch : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften}, number = {4}, publisher = {Duncker und Humblot}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {653 -- 660}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldWalkeSalzburgeretal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Walke, Rainer and Salzburger, Veronika and Schnor, Christine and Bastin, Sonja and Kuhnt, Anne-Kristin}, title = {DemoDiff - Wave 1 : Supplement to the pairfam Data Manual}, series = {MPIDR Technical Report (No. 4/2011)}, journal = {MPIDR Technical Report (No. 4/2011)}, publisher = {Max-Planck Institut f{\"u}r demografische Forschung}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {28}, abstract = {This document provides a documentation of the data set DemoDiff (Demographic Differences in Life Course Dynamics in Eastern and Western Germany). DemoDiff is a subsample of the German family panel.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzkaWalke, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk and Walke, Rainer}, title = {Dynamik und Determinanten nichtehelicher Mutterschaft in Oest- und Westdeutschland}, series = {Partnerschaft, Fertilit{\"a}t und intergenerationale Beziehungen: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels}, booktitle = {Partnerschaft, Fertilit{\"a}t und intergenerationale Beziehungen: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels}, publisher = {Ergon}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-89913-800-9}, pages = {155 -- 174}, abstract = {Nach vier Jahren Vorarbeiten ging im Herbst 2008 das Beziehungs- und Familienpanel (pairfam) ins Feld. Die Beitr{\"a}ge dieses Sammelbandes stellen Ergebnisse auf Grundlage der Daten der ersten Welle der interessierten Fach{\"o}ffentlichkeit vor. Die ersten beiden Beitr{\"a}ge geben eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die pairfam-Daten. Die Ziele und das Design des Projekts werden im ersten Beitrag vorgestellt. Der praktische Umgang mit den Daten wird im zweiten Beitrag erl{\"a}utert. Die restlichen Beitr{\"a}ge stellen inhaltliche Resultate vor. Sie befassen sich mit Themen, die in Zeiten rasanten familialen Wandels hoch interessant sein d{\"u}rften. Vier Beitr{\"a}ge stammen aus der Partnerschaftsforschung: Partnerm{\"a}rkte und Partnersuche, Institutionalisierungsprozesse von Partnerschaften und die Effekte von feindseligen Attributionen auf Partnerschaftskonflikte werden untersucht. Weitere vier Beitr{\"a}ge untersuchen Entscheidungen {\"u}ber die Familienplanung aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: Nicht-eheliche Geburten, institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen, die Effekte der Religion und partnerschaftlicher Entscheidungen sind die Themen. Der letzte Beitrag befasst sich mit den Unterschieden in der Gestaltung der Beziehungen zwischen den Generationen in deutschen Familien und Familien mit Migrationshintergrund. (Buchinhalt, Verlagstext)}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldScholz, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Scholz, Rembrandt}, title = {Fertility and mortality data for Germany}, series = {Building on progress: expanding the research infrastructure for the social, economic, and behavioral sciences}, booktitle = {Building on progress: expanding the research infrastructure for the social, economic, and behavioral sciences}, publisher = {Budrich UniPress}, address = {Opladen}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-940755-58-}, pages = {739 -- 751}, abstract = {In recent years, considerable progress has been made in improving the data infrastructure for fertility and morality researchers in Germany. Several large scale data sets have been made available through the research data centers: the micro-censuses of the 1970s and 1980s, the censuses of the GDR and FRG, the micro-census panel, data from the pension registers, individual level data from the vital statistics, and the central foreigner registers have become available for scientific usage. Vital statistics have been reformed, and the micro-census now includes information on number of children ever born. Despite these improvements, there are still some "weak spots" in Germany's data infrastructure. Germany is lacking official counts of reconstituted families. We know little about the mortality risks of immigrants. In addition, the data infrastructure for studying the socio-economic differences in mortality risks could be improved, thus enabling Germany to catch up with international developments in this area. This paper concludes by making some suggestions for improving the data available.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Familienformen und Lebensbedingungen in Ost und West: Zur sozio{\"o}konomischen Lage von M{\"u}ttern in Deutschland, Frankreich und Russland}, series = {Leben in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Bilanz der deutschen Einheit 1990-2010}, booktitle = {Leben in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Bilanz der deutschen Einheit 1990-2010}, publisher = {Campus}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-593-39333-9}, pages = {123 -- 143}, abstract = {Die Debatte um den Wandel von Familie und Lebensformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland konzentriert sich vor allem auf Ver{\"a}nderungen, die w{\"a}hrend der letzten 20 Jahre erfolgt sind. Jedoch sind diese Entwicklungen in Westdeutschland genauso wie in Ostdeutschland in grundlegendere Tendenzen des demografischen Wandels seit den sechziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts eingebettet, die als Europas "zweiter demografischer {\"U}bergang" bezeichnet werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt die vorliegende Betrachtung des Wandels in Ost- und Westdeutschland in einem breiteren europ{\"a}ischen Kontext. Durch einen Vergleich von Deutschland Ost und West mit Frankreich und Russland werden sowohl die Spezifika der westdeutschen Situation als auch die Besonderheiten des Wandels im Osten in Folge der Systemtransformation herausgearbeitet. Der Beitrag ist wie folgt aufgebaut: Nach der Einleitung wird im zweiten Abschnitt ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber grundlegende familiendemografische Entwicklungen sowie institutionelle Kontexte des familialen Wandels in Frankreich, Russland und Deutschland gegeben. Im dritten Abschnitt werden die zu Grunde liegenden Daten vorgestellt, und im vierten Teil wird die wirtschaftliche Lage von M{\"u}ttern in den drei L{\"a}ndern beschrieben. Im letzten Abschnitt wird die Frage behandelt, welche Rolle Familienformen und insbesondere die Erwerbsbeteiligung von M{\"u}ttern in den untersuchten L{\"a}ndern f{\"u}r die sozio{\"o}konomische Lage von Familien spielen}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKrapf2007, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Krapf, Sandra}, title = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Kinderbetreuung: Eine Analyse der sozialen und {\"o}konomischen Determinanten der Nutzung von Kindertageseinrichtungen}, series = {Bildung als Privileg: Erkl{\"a}rungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit}, booktitle = {Bildung als Privileg: Erkl{\"a}rungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-531-92484-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-90339-2_4}, pages = {99 -- 123}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzkaHornung, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk and Hornung, Anne}, title = {Family diversity in France, the Russian Federation, and East and West Germany: overview on living arrangements and living conditions}, series = {How generations and gender shape demographic change: towards policies based on better knowledge}, booktitle = {How generations and gender shape demographic change: towards policies based on better knowledge}, publisher = {United Nations}, address = {NewYork [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-92-1-117004-7}, pages = {33 -- 56}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Wandel der Geburten- und Familienentwicklung in West- und Ostdeutschland}, series = {Lehrbuch Moderne Familiensoziologie}, booktitle = {Lehrbuch Moderne Familiensoziologie}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Opladen}, isbn = {978-3825284091}, pages = {121 -- 137}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldMika, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Mika, Tatjana}, title = {Erwerbst{\"a}tigkeit und Fertilit{\"a}t: Analysen mit der Versicherungskontenstichprobe der deutschen Rentenversicherung}, series = {Die Versicherungskontenstichprobe als Scientific Use File: Workshop des Forschungsdatenzentrums der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV) am 30. und 31. Oktober 2007 in W{\"u}rzburg (DRV-Schriften, 79)}, volume = {79}, booktitle = {Die Versicherungskontenstichprobe als Scientific Use File: Workshop des Forschungsdatenzentrums der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV) am 30. und 31. Oktober 2007 in W{\"u}rzburg (DRV-Schriften, 79)}, editor = {Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund,}, pages = {71 -- 95}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag diskutiert, inwiefern die Versicherungskontenstichprobe der deutschen Rentenversicherung (VSKT) f{\"u}r Fertilit{\"a}tsanalysen genutzt werden kann. Ausgangspunkt ist zun{\"a}chst ein Vergleich der Kinderzahl in den VSKT-Daten mit Informationen aus der amtlichen Statistik. Abgesehen von den j{\"u}ngeren Kohorten, Ausl{\"a}nderinnen und Personen mit ungekl{\"a}rten Konten bilden die VSKT-Daten die Fertilit{\"a}tsbiographien von Frauen relativ gut ab. Besonders geeignet ist der Datensatz f{\"u}r L{\"a}ngsschnittanalysen, die den Zusammenhang der weiblichen Erwerbssituation f{\"u}r Fertilit{\"a}tsprozesse thematisieren. Die hohen Fallzahlen, der lange Analysezeitraum und die monatsgenauen Angaben zur Erwerbssituation stellen ein einmaliges Analysepotential f{\"u}r Fertilit{\"a}tsanalysen dar, das wir in diesem Beitrag nur exemplarisch darstellen konnten.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kreyenfeld, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Das zweite Kind in Ostdeutschland: Aufschub oder Verzicht?}, series = {Die Bev{\"o}lkerung in Ost- und Westdeutschland : demografische, gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen seit der Wende}, booktitle = {Die Bev{\"o}lkerung in Ost- und Westdeutschland : demografische, gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen seit der Wende}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-8350-7022-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-91832-7_5}, pages = {100 -- 123}, language = {de} } @article{HofmannKreyenfeldUhlendorff, author = {Hofmann, Barbara and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Uhlendorff, Arne}, title = {Job Displacement and First Birth Over the Business Cycle}, series = {Demography}, volume = {54}, journal = {Demography}, number = {3}, issn = {1533-7790}, doi = {10.1007/s13524-017-0580-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23234}, pages = {933 -- 959}, abstract = {In this article, we investigate the impact of job displacement on women's first-birth rates as well as the variation in this effect over the business cycle. We use mass layoffs to estimate the causal effects of involuntary job loss on fertility in the short and medium term, up to five years after displacement. Our analysis is based on rich administrative data from Germany, with an observation period spanning more than 20 years. We apply inverse probability weighting (IPW) to flexibly control for the observed differences between women who were and were not displaced. To account for the differences in the composition of the women who were displaced in a downturn and the women who were displaced in an upswing, we use a double weighting estimator. Results show that the extent to which job displacement has adverse effects on fertility depends on the business cycle. The first-birth rates were much lower for women who were displaced in an economic downturn than for those who lost a job in an economic upturn. This result cannot be explained by changes in the observed characteristics of the displaced women over the business cycle.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Alltagsmobilit{\"a}t und Lebenslauf}, series = {Wie die Zeit vergeht - Analysen zur Zeitverwendung in Deutschland}, booktitle = {Wie die Zeit vergeht - Analysen zur Zeitverwendung in Deutschland}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23727}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {163 -- 178}, abstract = {Im Alltag stellt sich oftmals das Gef{\"u}hl ein, dass die Zeit nur so fliegt. Zeit ist ein kostbares, da begrenztes Gut. Womit also verbringen die Menschen ihre kostbare Zeit? Und wie teilen sie sie auf? Dazu liefert die dritte Zeitverwendungserhebung 2012/2013, durchgef{\"u}hrt von den Statistischen {\"A}mtern des Bundes und der L{\"a}nder im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, umfangreiche Ergebnisse. Schwerpunkt der Analysen sind familien- und sozialpolitische Fragestellungen, wie zum Beispiel die Zeitverwendung von Frauen und M{\"a}nnern, die Arbeitsteilung in Familien oder die Zeit f{\"u}r Ehrenamt und Nachbarschaftshilfe. Viele Beitr{\"a}ge thematisieren das Spannungsfeld von Erwerbsarbeit, unbezahlter Arbeit und Freizeit.}, language = {de} } @article{ScholzKreyenfeld, author = {Scholz, Rembrandt and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Der registergest{\"u}tzte Zensus in Deutschland: Historische Einordnung und Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Bev{\"o}lkerungswissenschaft}, series = {Comparative Population Studies}, volume = {41 (2016)}, journal = {Comparative Population Studies}, issn = {1869-8999}, doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2016-08de}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23764}, pages = {3 -- 34}, abstract = {Im Jahr 2011 f{\"u}hrte Deutschland nach mehr als zwanzigj{\"a}hriger Pause wieder einen Zensus durch. Die Vorgaben der Vereinten Nationen, nach der L{\"a}nder mindestens alle zehn Jahre eine Volksz{\"a}hlung veranlassen sollten, waren l{\"a}ngst {\"u}berschritten und von Seiten der Bev{\"o}lkerungswissenschaft wurde schon l{\"a}nger eine neue Z{\"a}hlung gefordert, um die Berechnung demografi scher Indikatoren wieder auf eine solide Basis stellen zu k{\"o}nnen. Mit dem Zensus 2011 kam Deutschland der Forderung einer aktuellen Z{\"a}hlung nach und beschritt zugleich mit einem registergest{\"u}tzten Zensus einen neuen Weg. Im Gegensatz zu den skandinavischen L{\"a}ndern, die auf eine lange Tradition der Registerdatenanalysen und der Verkn{\"u}pfung von Registerdaten zur{\"u}ckblicken k{\"o}nnen, stellte in Deutschland, wo die Zusamme nf{\"u}hrung von Registern durch die gegebenen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen stark eingeschr{\"a}nkt ist, ein registergest{\"u}tzter Zensus ein ambitioniertes Projekt dar. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert nach einer historischen Einordnung die Bedeutung des Zensus 2011 f{\"u}r die Generierung zentraler demografi scher Daten. Insbesondere werden die fortgeschriebenen Ergebnisse des alten Zensus 1987 mit den Ergebnissen des Zensus 2011 verglichen, um m{\"o}gliche systematische Fehlerquellen zu eruieren, welche die demografi schen Indikatoren und Analysen verzerren.}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Un enfant ou un emploi ? Dilemme des Allemandes de l'Est et de l'Ouest}, series = {Travail, Genre et Soci{\´e}t{\´e}s}, volume = {37}, journal = {Travail, Genre et Soci{\´e}t{\´e}s}, doi = {10.3917/tgs.037.0053}, pages = {53 -- 69}, abstract = {In East Germany, childlessness was below 10 percent before reunification, while West Germany witnessed a steady and substantial increase in the proportion of childless women, with proportions reaching over 20 percent. This paper describes these divergent developments based on micro-census data. We examine the social policy contexts that shaped women's work and family patterns before reunification. Moreover, we discuss more recent trends and policy reforms, in particular the expansion of childcare and the parental leave benefit reform of 2007. Although family and employment patterns have become similar in eastern and western Germany, distinct behavioral patterns have prevailed. Even today, childlessness is more common in western than in eastern Germany. Furthermore, East German women regularly work full-time, while maternal full-time employment is only gradually increasing in the western parts of Germany.}, language = {fr} } @article{KoeppenKreyenfeldTrappe, author = {K{\"o}ppen, Katja and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Loose Ties? Determinants of Father-Child Contact after Separation in Germany}, series = {Journal of Marriage and Family}, journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family}, doi = {10.1111/jomf.12504}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25407}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Objective: This paper examines the determinants of father-child contact in Germany after divorce and separation, with a special emphasis on the role of legal child support. Background: The contact separated fathers have with their children is a policy-relevant issue that has been intensively addressed in previous research for the US, the UK, and Canada. For continental Europe, there has been far less research on this topic. This paper investigated how fathers' union status at childbirth, custody arrangements, and past and present partnership dynamics affect the level of contact they had with their first-born child from a prior union. Method: Data were used from wave 2 (2009/10) to wave 8 (2015/16) of the German family panel pairfam (www.pairfam.de). With a final sample size of 285 fathers, population average logistic models were estimated that examined non-resident fathers' probability of having frequent contact versus having little or no contact with their first-born children. Results: Whether a non-resident father shared legal custody with the mother or not was a decisive factor in whether he had regular contact with his minor child, particularly if he was not living with the mother of the child at the time of delivery. There were strong interaction effects between having joint legal custody and the time since the parental separation. Joint legal custody did not have an immediate impact on father-child contact around the time of separation, but as time elapsed, men without joint legal custody were more likely to lose contact with their children than men with joint legal custody. Conclusion: Joint legal custody may provide an institutional arrangement for separated parents to exercise their responsibility for the well-being of their children and thus be conducive to regular father-child contact.}, language = {en} } @article{GeislerKreyenfeld, author = {Geisler, Esther and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Policy reform and fathers' use of parental leave in Germany: The role of education and workplace characteristics}, series = {Journal of European Social Policy}, journal = {Journal of European Social Policy}, doi = {10.1177/0958928718765638}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25411}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {The introduction of the parental leave benefit scheme in 2007 is widely regarded as a landmark reform that has shifted the German welfare state toward a model that is more supportive to the compatibility of work and family life. In this paper, we investigate whether and how this reform has affected men's use of parental leave based on data from the German microcensus 1999-2012. We find that parental leave usage has increased across all educational levels, but the shift has been strongest for university-educated fathers. Public sector employment is beneficial for men's uptake of leave, while self-employment and temporary work lowers fathers' chances of taking leave. The parental leave reform has not affected these associations much.}, language = {en} } @article{BremhorstKreyenfeldLambert, author = {Bremhorst, Vincent and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Lambert, Philippe}, title = {Nonparametric double additive cure survival models: An application to the estimation of the non-linear effect of age at first parenthood on fertility progression}, series = {Statistical Modelling}, volume = {19}, journal = {Statistical Modelling}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1177/1471082X18784685}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25438}, pages = {275 -- 28}, abstract = {This article introduces double additive models to describe the effect of continuous covariates in cure survival models, thereby relaxing the traditional linearity assumption in the two regression parts. This class of models extends the classical event history models when an unknown proportion of the population under study will never experience the event of interest. They are used on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to examine how age at first birth relates to the timing and quantum of fertility for given education levels of the respondents. It is shown that the conditional probability of having further children decreases with the mother's age at first birth. While the effect of age at first birth in the third birth's probability model is fairly linear, this is not the case for the second child with an accelerating decline detected for women that had their first kid beyond age 30.}, language = {en} } @article{RadenackerKreyenfeld, author = {Radenacker, Anke and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Das Erwerbsverhalten von Geschiedenen in Westdeutschland}, series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, volume = {8/2018}, journal = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, pages = {337 -- 384}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung der Unterhaltsreform 2008 vor dem Hintergrund des sich wandelnden Scheidungs- und Erwerbsverhaltens in Westdeutschland diskutiert. Die Gesetzesreform war von der Vorstellung geleitet, dass sich mit dem Ausbau der Kinderbetreuung sukzessive die Erwerbsverl{\"a}ufe von M{\"a}nnern und Frauen angleichen w{\"u}rden, sodass nach einer Scheidung, st{\"a}rker als zuvor, eine {\"o}konomische Eigenst{\"a}ndigkeit beider Partner eingefordert werden k{\"o}nnte. Zudem basierte die Unterhaltsrechtsreform auf der Vorstellung, dass kinderlose Ehen und solche von kurzer Dauer, f{\"u}r die eine nacheheliche Solidarit{\"a}t nicht in gleicher Weise bedeutsam ist wie f{\"u}r langj{\"a}hrige Ehen, im Zeitverlauf zugenommen haben. Auswertungen der amtlichen Scheidungsdaten zeigen jedoch, dass der Anteil der Scheidungen, in denen minderj{\"a}hrige Kinder involviert sind, konstant geblieben und die Scheidungsintensit{\"a}t von Ehen mit langer Dauer in den letzten Jahren angestiegen ist. Vertiefend werden in diesem Beitrag Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung pr{\"a}sentiert, die die Erwerbst{\"a}tigenquoten und das Einkommen von Geschiedenen sowohl im Scheidungsverlauf als auch im Zeitverlauf abbilden. Die Erwerbst{\"a}tigenquoten von Frauen steigen demnach nach Scheidung deutlich an. Im Vergleich zu M{\"a}nnern erzielen geschiedene Frauen nach wie vor jedoch ein deutlich niedrigeres Erwerbseinkommen.}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldGeislerCastroMartinetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Geisler, Esther and Castro Mart{\´i}n, Teresa and Hannemann, Tina and Heintz-Martin, Valerie and Jalovaara, Marika and Kulu, Hill and Meggiolaro, Silvia and Mortelmans, Dimitri and Pasteels, Inge and Seiz, Marta and Solaz, Anne}, title = {Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe}, series = {Demographic Research}, volume = {37}, journal = {Demographic Research}, doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.37}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24944}, pages = {1245 -- 1274}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether,and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries. METHODS This analysis makes use of rich survey data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,Spain, and the United Kingdom, as well as from Finnish register data. We thus cover the behavior of a large proportion of the population of Western Europe. We also use descriptive measures, such as Kaplan‒Meier survival functions and cumulative incidence curves. In the multivariate analysis, we employ event history modeling to show how education relates to postseparation fertility behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Von der alternativen zur prek{\"a}ren Familienform? Der Wandel des Zusammenhangs von Bildung und nichtehelichen Familienformen in Deutschland.}, series = {Schweizerische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {43}, journal = {Schweizerische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1515/sjs-2017-0030}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25040}, pages = {611 -- 637}, abstract = {This paper examines the association of education and family forms based on data of the German microcensus 1996-2012. The investigation shows that highly educated women in western Germany had a higher probability of living in a nonmarital instead of a marital union. With an increase in the share of nonmarital births, the association has reversed. Likewise, the highly educated couples were initially the vanguards of living in nonmarital unions with children, but they are nowadays the least likely to do so. Patterns differ between eastern and western Germany, though.}, language = {de} } @misc{ErlinghagenHankKreyenfeld, author = {Erlinghagen, Marcel and Hank, Karsten and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Innovation und Wissenstransfer in der empirischen Sozial- und Verhaltensforschung}, publisher = {Campus}, address = {Frankfurt, New York}, pages = {339}, abstract = {Gert G. Wagner ist als Sozial- und Wirtschaftsforscher {\"u}ber disziplin{\"a}re Grenzen gegangen. Als engagierter Politikberater und innovativer Wissenschaftsmanager hat er immer wieder sozial- und wissenschaftspolitische Debatten angestoßen und begleitet. Kollegen und Weggef{\"a}hrten liefern mit ihren Beitr{\"a}gen zu diesem Band eine Bestandsaufnahme der empirisch- quantitativen Forschung, die Gert G. Wagner seit Anfang der 1980er-Jahre wesentlich gepr{\"a}gt hat.}, language = {de} } @techreport{EstherKoeppenKreyenfeldetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Esther, Geisler and K{\"o}ppen, Katja and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Trappe, Heike and Pollmann-Schult, Matthias}, title = {Familien nach Trennung und Scheidung in Deutschland}, isbn = {978-3-00-058996-6}, doi = {10.24352/UB.OVGU-2018-096}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24936}, pages = {52}, abstract = {Trennungen und Scheidungen auf einem hohen Niveau - auch unter Familien mit minderj{\"a}hrigen Kindern - kennzeichnen bereits seit l{\"a}ngerer Zeit die Familienentwicklung in Deutschland und anderen europ{\"a}ischen L{\"a}ndern. Sofern aus einer Beziehung gemeinsame Kinder hervorgegangen sind, impliziert eine Trennung zwar das Ende der Partnerschaft, jedoch nicht das Ende der Elternschaft. Sowohl auf gesellschaftlicher als auch auf individueller Ebene besteht, mit Ausnahme von Sondersituationen, mittlerweile die explizite Erwartung, dass Eltern nach einer Trennung in {\"o}konomischer und sozialer Hinsicht weiterhin gemeinsam Verantwortung f{\"u}r ihre Kinder wahrnehmen. In der gesetzlichen Grundlage wird allerdings weiterhin davon ausgegangen, dass Kinder nach der Trennung bei nur einem Elternteil leben. F{\"u}r andere Modelle existieren bisher keine oder nur unzureichende Regelungen. Die {\"o}konomischen, sozialen und psychischen Folgen einer Trennung oder Scheidung k{\"o}nnen nach Geschlecht, sozialer Position und Alter variieren und damit soziale Ungleichheit hervorrufen oder verst{\"a}rken. Neue Partnerschaften bzw. sogenannte Fortsetzungsfamilien beeinflussen das Leben der betroffenen Erwachsenen und Kinder zus{\"a}tzlich. Bislang existieren {\"u}ber die Verbreitung und Lebensumst{\"a}nde von Nachtrennungsfamilien in Deutschland nur rudiment{\"a}re sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde. Die vorliegende Brosch{\"u}re stellt einen ersten Versuch dar, bislang vorliegende sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde zur Lebenswirklichkeit von Nachtrennungsfamilien in Deutschland allgemeinverst{\"a}ndlich in knapper Form zu bilanzieren. Folgende thematische Schwerpunkte werden behandelt: 1) Allgemeine Trends und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, 2) Elternschaft und Partnerschaft nach Trennung und Scheidung, 3) Wohlbefinden und Lebenszufriedenheit nach Trennung und Scheidung sowie 4) Finanzielle Folgen von Trennung und Scheidung. Diese Aspekte werden aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven beleuchtet und zugrundeliegende empirische Analysen decken ein breites Spektrum der derzeit verf{\"u}gbaren Datenquellen ab.}, language = {de} } @misc{KreyenfeldHank, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Hank, Karsten}, title = {Social Demography - Forschung an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie und Demographie}, series = {K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {55}, journal = {K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, number = {55}, publisher = {VS Verlag f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften}, isbn = {978-3-658-11490-9}, pages = {439}, abstract = {Das Buch versammelt einschl{\"a}gige Beitr{\"a}ge im Bereich „Social Demography", der Schnittstelle von soziologischer und demographischer Forschung. In den Einzelbeitr{\"a}gen wird die Bedeutung klassischer soziologischer Konzepte, wie des Lebenslaufs, des Generationenzusammenhangs und der sozialen Ungleichheit f{\"u}r demographische Prozesse, vor allem der Fertilit{\"a}t, der Migration und der Mortalit{\"a}t herausgearbeitet. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus beinhaltet der Band aktuelle Studien im Bereich soziobiologischer Forschung wie auch zur gesamtgesellschaftlichen Bedeutung demographischer Entwicklungen f{\"u}r moderne Wohlfahrtsstaaten.}, language = {de} } @techreport{KreyenfeldPoetzschKubisch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and P{\"o}tzsch, Olga and Kubisch, Karolin}, title = {The Human Fertility Database Documentation: Germany}, editor = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, publisher = {humanfertility.org}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldKrapf, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Krapf, Sandra}, title = {Fertility assessment with the Own-Children Method: a validation with data from the German Mikrozensus}, series = {MPIDR Technical Report TR-2015-003}, journal = {MPIDR Technical Report TR-2015-003}, publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research}, address = {Rostock}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The German Mikrozensus is a data set that is frequently used to study fertility behavior. With its large sample size, the dataset also offers the opportunity to investigate childbearing among population subgroups, such as particular migrant groups. Because birth histories are not surveyed in the Mikrozensus, scholars have frequently employed the Own-Children Method (OCM) to generate fertility schedules from this data. The OCM draws on information on the number and ages of the co-residential children in order to estimate the fertility schedule of women. It is clear that this method leads to an underestimation of fertility, because children do not necessarily live with their biological mother. It is also clear that the bias is stronger for older women, because children may have left parental home. In the past, it was not possible to assess the bias. With the Mikrozensus 2008, we are able to validate the OCM by relying on respondent's own report on the total number of children. We furthermore examine whether the OCM leads to worse estimates for migrants and non-migrants. The results show that the OCM provides reasonable fertility estimates for women in western Germany up to age 40, irrespective of migrant background. For eastern Germany, there is a stronger bias at later ages than in western Germany. This relates to the early age at childbirth in this region and the more diverse family structures.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldHenselWalke, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Hensel, Tom and Walke, Rainer}, title = {Guidelines for linking contextual factors and survey data: an application with data from the German Family Panel (pairfam)}, series = {MPIDR Technical Report TR-2015-005}, journal = {MPIDR Technical Report TR-2015-005}, pages = {15}, abstract = {Geo-coded survey data are a prerequisite for any analysis that examines the impact of contextual factors on individual-level outcomes. The local unit may be districts, municipalities, or blocks of houses. However, regional identifiers are sensitive information and including them in a scientific-use-file of a survey may violate data protection regulations. This Technical Report demonstrates how analyses with geo-coded data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) may be conducted. The procedure that we suggest has been tailored for pairfam, but it is applicable to other data sets as well.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldKrapfWolf, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Krapf, Sandra and Wolf, Katharina}, title = {Gendered Authorship and Demographic Research - An Analysis of 50 Years of Demography}, series = {Demography}, volume = {53}, journal = {Demography}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1007/s13524-016-0482-x}, pages = {1169 -- 1184}, abstract = {Demography, the official journal of the Population Association of America, has been given the highest rating among demographic journals by the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Our aim here is to investigate the development of research subfields and female authorship in Demography over the last 50 years. We find that female authorship in Demography has risen considerably since the 1980s and that currently a woman is about as likely as a man to be the sole or the first author of a paper published in the journal. However, we find some differences by subfield. Women seem to be overrepresented in the "family and household" research subfield but underrepresented in the "mortality and health" and "data and methods" categories.}, language = {en} } @article{KrapfKreyenfeldWolf, author = {Krapf, Sandra and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Wolf, Katharina}, title = {Gendered Authorship and Demographic Research - An Analysis of 50 Years of Demography}, series = {Demography}, volume = {53}, journal = {Demography}, number = {4}, issn = {1533-7790}, doi = {10.1007/s13524-016-0482-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20875}, pages = {1169 -- 1184}, abstract = {Demography, the official journal of the Population Association of America, has been given the highest rating among demographic journals by the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Our aim here is to investigate the development of research subfields and female authorship in Demography over the last 50 years. We find that female authorship in Demography has risen considerably since the 1980s and that currently a woman is about as likely as a man to be the sole or the first author of a paper published in the journal. However, we find some differences by subfield. Women seem to be overrepresented in the "family and household" research subfield but underrepresented in the "mortality and health" and "data and methods" categories.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldBastin, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Bastin, Sonja}, title = {Reliability of union histories in social science surveys: Blurred memory, deliberate misreporting, or true tales?}, series = {Advances in Life Course Research}, volume = {27}, journal = {Advances in Life Course Research}, number = {March 2016}, issn = {1040-2608}, doi = {10.1016/j.alcr.2015.11.001}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20899}, pages = {30 -- 42}, abstract = {This paper examines the reliability of biographical information gathered retrospectively. It draws on data from the German Family Panel (pairfam), which collected information on the partnership status at first birth using two different strategies. The first strategy was to collect partnership and fertility histories separately in an event history calendar. The second strategy was to ask the respondents directly about their partnership status at first childbirth. We find that in almost 20 percent of the cases, the information collected using the two different strategies did not correspond. The dissolution of a partnership and having a complex partnership biography are strong predictors for discrepancies in the information gathered through the two different strategies. We conclude by discussing the factors that lead to the different outcomes produced by each of the two methods, and the implications of these discrepancies for the study of partnership and fertility behavior in general.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Kinderlosigkeit}, series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, journal = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, number = {5}, issn = {2198-2333}, pages = {204 -- 206}, language = {de} } @article{DirkKreyenfeld, author = {Dirk, Konietzka and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Wandel der Familienformen}, series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, journal = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, number = {23}, issn = {2198-2333}, pages = {1100 -- 1102}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKrapf, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Krapf, Sandra}, title = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Kinderbetreuung - Eine Analyse der sozialen und {\"o}konomischen Determinanten der Nutzung von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen}, series = {Bildung als Privileg. Erkl{\"a}rungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit}, booktitle = {Bildung als Privileg. Erkl{\"a}rungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit}, publisher = {VS Verl.}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-11951-5 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-11952-2_4}, pages = {107 -- 128}, abstract = {{\"A}hnlich wie in anderen europ{\"a}ischen L{\"a}ndern wird die institutionelle Kinderbetreuung in Deutschland in erster Linie {\"u}ber ein {\"o}ffentliches Angebot bereitgestellt. Private Kindertageseinrichtungen, wie es sie in markt-liberalen L{\"a}ndern gibt, stellen weiterhin eine Ausnahmeerscheinung dar. Ein Spezifikum der deutschen Situation ist dar{\"u}ber hinaus die besondere Bedeutung freier Tr{\"a}ger (wie Kirchen und Wohlfahrtsverb{\"a}nde) f{\"u}r die Organisation und Bereitstellung von Pl{\"a}tzen in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Ausgangspunkt der folgenden {\"U}berlegungen ist die Hypothese, dass mit der Organisation der institutionellen Kinderbetreuung spezifische Formen sozialer Ausschlussprozesse verbunden sind.}, language = {de} } @article{BremhorstKreyenfeldLambert, author = {Bremhorst, Vincent and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Lambert, Philippe}, title = {Fertility progression in Germany : An analysis using flexible nonparametric cure survival models}, series = {Demographic Research}, volume = {35}, journal = {Demographic Research}, doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.18}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21352}, pages = {505 -- 534}, abstract = {Objective: This paper uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to study the transition to second and third births. In particular, we seek to distinguish the factors that determine the timing of fertility from the factors that influence ultimate parity progression. Methods: We employ cure survival models, a technique commonly used in epidemiological studies and in the statistical literature but only rarely applied to fertility research. Results: We find that education has a different impact on the timing and the ultimate probability of having a second and a third birth. Furthermore, we show that the shape of the fertility schedule for the total population differs from that of 'susceptible women' (i.e., those who have a second or a third child). Conclusions: Standard event history models conflate timing and quantum effects. Our approach overcomes this shortcoming. It estimates separate parameters for the hazard rate of having a next child for the 'susceptible population' and the ultimate probability of having another child for the entire population at risk. Contribution: We go beyond standard cure survival models, also known as split population models, used in fertility research by specifying a flexible non-parametric model using Bayesian P-splines for the latent distribution (related to the timing of an extra birth) instead of a parametric model. Our approach is, so far, limited to time-constant covariates, but can be extended to include time-varying covariates as well.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldGeislerTrappe, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Geisler, Esther and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Erwerbsbeteiligung von M{\"u}ttern und V{\"a}tern in Ost- und Westdeutschland : Strukturstarre oder Trendwende}, series = {Archiv f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit}, volume = {2}, journal = {Archiv f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit}, issn = {0340 - 3564}, pages = {4 -- 15}, language = {de} } @book{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, editor = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-44665-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21378}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {XI, 370}, abstract = {This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKrapf, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Krapf, Sandra}, title = {Familiengr{\"u}ndung und Migration : Aussiedlerinnen und t{\"u}rkischst{\"a}mmige Migrantinnen im Vergleich}, series = {Die transformative Macht der Demografie}, booktitle = {Die transformative Macht der Demografie}, editor = {Mayer, Tilman}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-13166-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-13166-1}, pages = {109 -- 126}, language = {de} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Analyzing Childlessness}, series = {Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, booktitle = {Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-44665-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21392}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {3 -- 15}, abstract = {Childlessness has been on the rise in many European societies. In Germany, the UK, Austria, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, childlessness has increased starting with the 1950s cohorts. In these countries, about 20 \% of the women born around 1965 will remain childless. In southern Europe and the former state-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the rise in levels of childlessness is a more recent phenomenon. Yet among younger cohorts in these countries, childlessness has reached levels of 15 \% or higher. In this introductory chapter, we summarize the long-term trends in childlessness and discuss the differences between European countries in the prevalence of childlessness. We also outline the structure and the logic of this volume.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Childlessness in East and West Germany : Long-Term Trends and Social Disparities}, series = {Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, booktitle = {Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-44665-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21405}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {97 -- 114}, abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of the long-term trends in childlessness in East and West Germany. Based on vital statistics, census, and micro-census data we show that for the East German cohorts born in 1940-1964 the share who have remained childless has stalled at around 10 \%. For the same cohorts in West Germany, we find that the share who are childless has increased from 10 \% to about 20 \%. We furthermore describe socio-economic disparities in the childlessness levels of West German birth cohorts based on our analysis of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam). We find that higher levels of female education are associated with higher levels of childlessness, but that differences by education have narrowed among women of recent birth cohorts. For men, we find a clear negative gradient in childlessness, as less educated men are more likely to be childless than their better educated counterparts. Finally, having a turbulent partnership history is shown to be associated with a high probability of remaining childless.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKuhntTrappe, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Kuhnt, Anne-Kristin and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Fertility Ideals of Women and Men Across the Life Course}, series = {Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, booktitle = {Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences}, editor = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-44665-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_11}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21415}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {235 -- 251}, abstract = {This paper explores the stability of women's and men's fertility preferences across the life course. The data come from the first six waves of the German Family Panel (pairfam), which span the period from 2008/2009 until 2013/2014. In our analysis, fertility preferences are measured using the following question: "Under ideal circumstances, how many children would you like to have?" The average number cited by both women and men is 2.2. With rising age, this number declines modestly. Relying on fixed-effects modelling, we find that neither partnership status nor economic circumstances have any causal effect on fertility preferences. However, as the number of children a respondent has increases, his or her ideal number of children is also likely to grow. Thus, fertility ideals appear to undergo changes over time, and are adjusted in line with the size of the respondent's own family.}, language = {en} } @article{ScholzKreyenfeld, author = {Scholz, Rembrandt and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {The register-based census in Germany : Historical context and relevance for population research}, series = {Comparative Population Studies}, volume = {41}, journal = {Comparative Population Studies}, number = {2}, issn = {1869-8999}, doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2016-08en}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21340}, pages = {175 -- 204}, abstract = {In 2011, Germany carried out its first census after a 20-year break. In light of the United Nations' recommendations that countries initiate a population census at least every 10 years, the census was long overdue. Moreover, demographers had for some time been demanding a new enumeration that would enable them to place the calculation of demographic indicators on a reliable basis. With the 2011 census, Germany not only met the demand for a current population census, but also broke new ground by using a register-based approach. Unlike the Scandinavian countries, which have a long tradition of performing register-based data analyses, the linking of administrative data in Germany is restricted by the country's legal framework. Thus, the 2011 census was an ambitious project. After contextualising the 2011 census historically, we discuss in this contribution the census' relevance for generating central demographic data. Specifically, we compare the updated population estimates of the 1987 census to the results of the 2011 census in order to identify possible systematic sources of error that distort demographic indicators and analyses.}, language = {en} } @article{VatterottKreyenfeld, author = {Vatterott, Anja and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Salmon migration and fertility in East Germany - An analysis of birth dynamics around German reunification}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienforschung - Journal of Family Research}, volume = {30}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienforschung - Journal of Family Research}, number = {3}, doi = {10.3224/zff.v30i3.02}, pages = {247 -- 268}, abstract = {This paper uses rich administrative data from the Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Pension Fund) to describe changes in the timing and the spacing of births that occurred in the period following German reunification. We examine differences in the birth dynamics of East Germans, West Germans, and women who migrated between the two parts of Germany in these years. As the pension registers provide monthly records on whether a person is living in East or West Germany, they also allow us to examine the role of regional mobility in birth behaviour. In particular, we test the "salmon hypothesis", which suggests that migrants are likely to postpone having a child until after or around the time they return to their region of origin. Our investigation shows that a large fraction of the cohorts born in 1965-74 migrated to West Germany after reunification, but that around 50\% of these migrants returned to East Germany before reaching age 40. The first birth risks of those who returned were elevated, which suggests that the salmon hypothesis explains the behaviour of a significant fraction of the East German population in the period following German reunification.}, language = {en} } @article{GambaroKreyenfeldSchachtetal., author = {Gambaro, Ludovica and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Schacht, Diana and Spieß, C. Katharina}, title = {Refugees in Germany with Children Still Living Abroad Have Lowest Life Satisfaction}, series = {DIW Weekly Report}, volume = {42}, journal = {DIW Weekly Report}, pages = {415 -- 425}, abstract = {Family strongly influences personal well-being—especially in the case of refugees, whose family members often remain in their homeland. This report is the first to closely examine the well-being and family structures of refugees who came to Germany between January 2013 and January 2016. It uses data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany. Among individuals aged between 18 and 49, nine percent have minor children living outside Germany, whereas twelve percent have a husband or wife living abroad. If the nuclear family is living in Germany—which is more often the case for women than men—refugees are measurably more satisfied with their lives. These findings are also confirmed when accounting for other potential factors for well-being. These findings should be given greater consideration—not least in the debate on family reunification—to enable successful migration, integration, and family policies.}, language = {en} } @article{GambaroKreyenfeldSchachtetal., author = {Gambaro, Ludovica and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Schacht, Diana and Spieß, C. Katharina}, title = {Lebenszufriedenheit von Gefl{\"u}chteten in Deutschland ist deutlich geringer, wenn ihre Kinder im Ausland leben}, series = {DIW Wochenbericht}, volume = {42}, journal = {DIW Wochenbericht}, pages = {905 -- 916}, abstract = {Familie hat f{\"u}r das pers{\"o}nliche Wohlbefinden eine große Bedeutung - das gilt vor allem f{\"u}r Gefl{\"u}chtete, deren Familienmitglieder oftmals im Herkunftsland zur{\"u}ckbleiben. Dieser Bericht nimmt die Familienstruktur von Gefl{\"u}chteten, die zwischen Januar 2013 und Januar 2016 nach Deutschland kamen, und deren Wohlbefinden erstmals detailliert unter die Lupe. Er basiert auf Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Stichprobe von nach Deutschland Gefl{\"u}chteten. Insgesamt haben neun Prozent der 18- bis 49-J{\"a}hrigen minderj{\"a}hrige Kinder, die im Ausland leben. Zw{\"o}lf Prozent dieser Gefl{\"u}chteten haben einen Ehepartner oder eine Ehepartnerin im Ausland. Befindet sich die Kernfamilie in Deutschland - was bei Frauen deutlich h{\"a}ufiger der Fall ist als bei M{\"a}nnern -, sind die Gefl{\"u}chteten messbar zufriedener mit ihrem Leben. Diese Befunde best{\"a}tigen sich auch dann, wenn weitere potentielle Faktoren f{\"u}r das Wohlbefinden ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. F{\"u}r eine gelungene Migrations-, Integrations- und Familienpolitik sollten diese Erkenntnisse st{\"a}rker beachtet werden - nicht zuletzt in der Debatte um den Familiennachzug.}, language = {de} } @article{KreyenfeldMikaRadenacker, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Mika, Tatjana and Radenacker, Anke}, title = {Der Gender Pension Gap in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Welchen Einfluss hat eine Scheidung auf die Alterssicherung?}, series = {Sozialer Fortschritt}, volume = {67/18}, journal = {Sozialer Fortschritt}, number = {11/12}, doi = {10.3790/sfo.67.11-12.973}, pages = {973 -- 996}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag untersucht den „Gender Pension Gap" in Deutschland auf Basis der sechsten Welle des „Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe" (SHARE-RV), welcher mit Registerdaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung aus dem Jahr 2015 verbunden wurde. In die Untersuchung gehen Frauen und M{\"a}nner der Geburtsjahrg{\"a}nge 1930 bis 1955 ein. F{\"u}r diese Kohorten existiert in Westdeutschland ein erheblicher „Gender Pension Gap". Frauen dieser Geburtsjahrg{\"a}nge haben im Schnitt nur halb so hohe Anwartschaften in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung aufgebaut wie M{\"a}nner. Im Vergleich zu verheirateten und verwitweten Frauen k{\"o}nnen ledige und geschiedene Frauen in Westdeutschland deutlich h{\"o}here Altersrenten vorweisen. Geschiedene Frauen dieser Kohorten konnten vor allem aufgrund des Versorgungsausgleichs ihre Rentenanwartschaften um etwa 20 Prozent erh{\"o}hen. Bei westdeutschen M{\"a}nnern zeigt sich hingegen ein umgekehrter Zusammenhang, d.h. ledige und geschiedene M{\"a}nner erhalten im Vergleich zu anderen M{\"a}nnern stark unterdurchschnittliche Altersrenten. In Ostdeutschland existiert kein Zusammenhang zwischen Familienstand und Rentenniveau. Abstract: The Gender Pension Gap in East and West Germany: How Does Divorce Affect Old-Age Pensions? This study examines the gender pension gap in Germany based on data from the sixth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-RV). This data has been combined with register data from the German Pension Fund of the year 2015. The analytical sample for our analysis includes women and men born between 1930 and 1955. We observe a substantial gender pension gap for West Germans of these cohorts. Women have earned only half of the pension credits of men. Comparing pension entitlements by family status, one finds that single and divorced West German women were able to collect much higher pension entitlements than their married or widowed counterparts. Divorced women could profit from the splitting of pension points that is conducted after divorce. The equalization of the pension points in the case of divorce increases West German women's pensions by about 20 percent. For West German men the relationship is vice versa: Single and divorced men are at a particular risk of receiving a low old age pension. There is no relationship between family status and pension entitlements in East Germany, though.}, language = {de} } @article{HoemKreyenfeld, author = {Hoem, Jan M. and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Anticipatory analysis and its alternatives in life-course research. Part 2: Marriage and first birth}, series = {Demographic Research}, volume = {15}, journal = {Demographic Research}, doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2006.15.17}, pages = {485 -- 498}, abstract = {In the second part of these reflections, we use the connection between marriage and first childbearing to demonstrate further issues involved in anticipatory analysis. We show that an anticipatory approach cannot be used to represent intentionality: People may marry with the intention of having a child, but the analyst should be wary of using anticipatory analysis to pick that up.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreyenfeldJalovaara, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Jalovaara, Marika}, title = {Childbearing across Partnerships in Finland and Germany}, series = {Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues}, journal = {Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-27041}, pages = {1 -- 24}, abstract = {This paper examines gender differences in "multipartner fertility" - i.e., having children with several partners - in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth more often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. We also examined individual-level factors associated with multipartner fertility. Having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners.}, language = {en} } @article{GeislerKreyenfeld, author = {Geisler, Esther and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Why Do Lone Mothers Fare Worse than Lone Fathers? Lone Parenthood and Welfare Benefit Receipt in Germany}, series = {Comparative Population Studies}, volume = {44}, journal = {Comparative Population Studies}, issn = {1869-8980 (Print) - 1869-8999 (Internet)}, doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2019-09en}, pages = {61 -- 84}, abstract = {This article uses data from the German microcensuses of 2007 and 2012 to examine gender differences in welfare reliance among lone parents. Binary logistic regression was employed as the method of analysis. We show that the risk of welfare benefit receipt is lower among lone fathers than lone mothers. We also find that these gender differences can be partially explained by the socio-economic characteristics of lone fathers; compared to lone mothers, lone fathers are, on average, better educated and more likely to be living with older children. Gender differences decreased over time among parents who have never married, but remained constant among divorced parents. We present a discussion of our findings in light of recent policy reforms, in particular the reform of the German Maintenance Law of 2008, which curbed the ability of a divorced parent to collect support from an ex-spouse.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SolazJalovaaraKreyenfeldetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Solaz, Anne and Jalovaara, Marika and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Meggiolaro, Silvia and Mortelmans, Dimitri and Pasteels, Inge}, title = {Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries}, series = {Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues}, journal = {Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues}, number = {5/2019}, pages = {1 -- 33}, abstract = {To what extent are economic difficulties associated with union instability? Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced both high rates of union dissolution and high unemployment rates. This article uses the experience of five European countries before the recent economic crisis to explore the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, discrete-time models show that male partner's unemployment increases the risk of union dissolution in all countries. Female partner's unemployment is associated to more varied effects and is only significant in countries where it is standard practice to be in paid employment. The effect is always of lower magnitude than the male partner's unemployment. Interestingly, there is no association between unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level for men. In France and Belgium, we find that individual unemployment during a recession lowers divorce risk for women, while it increases them in Italy. Findings are interpreted in light of the different ways that individual unemployment may be perceived during recession.}, language = {en} } @article{RadenackerKreyenfeldStrackeetal., author = {Radenacker, Anke and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Stracke, Elmar and Mika, Tatjana}, title = {Der Ausschluss des Versorgungsausgleichs. Hintergr{\"u}nde und Trends.}, series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, journal = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, number = {21}, issn = {2198-2333}, pages = {937 -- 941}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kreyenfeld, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {A new policy paradigm for the employment-fertility nexus to respond to the 'future of work' challenge}, series = {New visions for Gender Equality 2019}, booktitle = {New visions for Gender Equality 2019}, editor = {Crowley, Niall and Sansonetti, Silvia}, publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union}, address = {Luxembourg}, issn = {978-92-76-12015-5}, doi = {10.2838/307975}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {16 -- 19}, abstract = {The economic foundation of the family has shifted gradually in European countries. Female work no longer suppresses fertility. Instead, women's employment and labour market integration have become a prerequisite for family formation in many countries. Pivotal for this development was the expansion of childcare, which allowed parents to better combine work and family life.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BujardDiehlKreyenfeldetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bujard, Martin and Diehl, Claudia and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Spieß, C. Katharina}, title = {Familien mit Fluchthintergrund: Aktuelle Fakten zu Familienstruktur, Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung und Wohlbefinden. Gutachten des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats f{\"u}r Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend}, publisher = {Wissenschaftliche Beirat f{\"u}r Familienfragen}, language = {de} } @techreport{WolfKreyenfeld, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Wolf, Katharina and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Migrant Fertility in Germany and the Eastern Enlargement of the EU}, series = {SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research}, journal = {SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research}, edition = {1076-2020}, publisher = {DIW Berlin}, issn = {1864-6689}, abstract = {This paper uses data from the Migrant Samples of the German Socio-Economic Panel to study the fertility behaviour of women who migrated to Germany between 1990 and 2015. Special emphasis is placed on the large groups of migrants who have moved to Germany from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries since the 1990s. We find that CEE migrants had higher first birth, but much lower second birth rates than migrants from other European countries. Different from the pattern of African and Middle Eastern migrants, we do not find a spike in first birth rates after migration. We also examined differences within the group of migrants from CEE-countries. In particular, we examined whether Ethnic German migrants differed from migrants who moved as third country national or those who moved after their country became EU-members with the right to free movement of labor. We find that CEE-migrants who moved when their country was a member state of the European Union display strongly reduced first birth rates.}, language = {en} } @misc{KreyenfeldTrappe, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe}, publisher = {Springer Open}, isbn = {978-3-030-44575-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1}, abstract = {This open access book assembles landmark studies on divorce and separation in European countries, and how this affects the life of parents and children. It focuses on four major areas of post-separation lives, namely (1) economic conditions, (2) parent-child relationships, (3) parent and child well-being, and (4) health. Through studies from several European countries, the book showcases how legal regulations and social policies influence parental and child well-being after divorce and separation. It also illustrates how social policies are interwoven with the normative fabric of a country. For example, it is shown that father-child contact after separation is more intense in those countries which have adopted policies that encourage shared parenting. Correspondingly, countries that have adopted these regulations are at the forefront of more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Apart from a strong emphasis on the legal and social policy context, the studies in this volume adopt a longitudinal perspective and situate post-separation behaviour and well-being in the life course. The longitudinal perspective opens up new avenues for research to understand how behaviour and conditions prior or at divorce and separation affect later behaviour and well-being. As such this book is of special appeal to scholars of family research as well as to anyone interested in the role of divorce and separation in Europe in the 21st century.}, language = {en} } @article{SolazJalovaaraKreyenfeldetal., author = {Solaz, Anne and Jalovaara, Marika and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Meggiolaro, Silvia and Mortelmans, Dimitri and Pasteels, Inge}, title = {Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {1}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-368}, pages = {145 -- 176}, abstract = {Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work has been less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KoeppenKreyenfeldTrappe, author = {K{\"o}ppen, Katja and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Gender Differences in Parental Well-being After Separation: Does Shared Parenting Matter?}, series = {Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe. Life Course Research and Social Policies, vol 12}, booktitle = {Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe. Life Course Research and Social Policies, vol 12}, publisher = {Springer, Cham}, isbn = {9783030445744 (print); 9783030445751 (online)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {235 -- 264}, abstract = {A large body of literature has examined how separation and divorce influence social and economic well-being. One consistent finding of the literature is that women and men are affected differently by divorce and separation. Women, and particularly mothers, are likely to suffer from a loss of income. Fathers frequently suffer from having reduced contact with their children, who usually continue to live with their mother after a union dissolution. This chapter uses 10 years of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) to examine more closely the gender differences in life satisfaction after separation. In line with previous research, we show that following a separation, satisfaction with family life declines more among fathers than among mothers, and that mothers tend to experience a greater decline in their satisfaction with their financial situation than fathers. We also examine the role of shared parenting (Wechselmodell) in parents' life satisfaction. Our findings indicate that shared parenting is positively associated with well-being, but also that the association is not stable to the inclusion of socio-economic characteristics that explain the selection into shared parenting. The results are discussed in the context of the current German policy debate on shared parenting.}, language = {en} } @article{NisenKluesenerDahlbergetal., author = {Nis{\´e}n, Jessica and Kl{\"u}sener, Sebastian and Dahlberg, Johan and Dommermuth, Lars and Jasilioniene, Aiva and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Lappeg{\aa}rd, Trude and Li, Peng and Martikainen, Pekka and Neels, Karel and Riederer, Bernhard and te Riele, Saskia and Szab{\´o}, Laura and Trimarchi, Alessandra and Viciana, Francisco and Wilson, Ben and Myrskyl{\"a}, Mikko}, title = {Educational differences in cohort fertility across subnational regions in Europe}, series = {European Journal of Population}, journal = {European Journal of Population}, doi = {10.1007/s10680-020-09562-0}, abstract = {Educational differences in female cohort fertility vary strongly across high-income countries and over time, but knowledge about how educational fertility differentials play out at the sub-national regional level is limited. Examining these sub-national regional patterns might improve our understanding of national patterns, as regionally varying contextual conditions may affect fertility. This study provides for the first time for a large number of European countries a comprehensive account of educational differences in the cohort fertility rate (CFR) at the sub-national regional level. We harmonise data from population registers, censuses, and large-sample surveys for 15 countries to measure women's completed fertility by educational level and region of residence at the end of the reproductive lifespan. In order to explore associations between educational differences in CFRs and levels of economic development, we link our data to regional GDP per capita. Empirical Bayesian estimation is used to reduce uncertainty in the regional fertility estimates. We document an overall negative gradient between the CFR and level of education, and notable regional variation in the gradient. The steepness of the gradient is inversely related to the economic development level. It is steepest in the least developed regions and close to zero in the most developed regions. This tendency is observed within countries as well as across all regions of all countries. Our findings underline the variability of educational gradients in women's fertility, suggest that higher levels of development may be associated with less negative gradients, and call for more in-depth sub-national-level fertility analyses by education.}, language = {en} } @article{BujardDiehlKreyenfeldetal., author = {Bujard, Martin and Diehl, Claudia and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Leyendecker, Birgit and Spieß, C. Katharina}, title = {Gefl{\"u}chtete, Familien und ihre Kinder: warum der Blick auf die Familien und die Kindertagesbetreuung entscheidend ist}, series = {Sozialer Fortschritt}, volume = {69}, journal = {Sozialer Fortschritt}, pages = {561 -- 577}, abstract = {Seit 2015 viele Menschen mit Fluchthintergrund nach Deutschland gezogen sind, stand h{\"a}ufig deren Arbeitsmarktintegration im Zentrum des gesellschaftlichen, politischen und wissenschaftlichen Interesses. Lebenslagen und Lebensformen der gefluchteten Familien wurden hingegen viel weniger thematisiert. Dieser Beitrag pr{\"a}sentiert familiendemografische Daten f{\"u}r Gefluchtete der Herkunftsl{\"a}nder Syrien, Afghanistan, Irak und Eritrea und verdeutlicht den großen Anteil von Familien mit kleinen Kindern unter den nach Deutschland Gefluchteten. Daten zur Nutzung von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen von Kindern gefluchteter Familien zeigen, dass institutionelle Kinderbetreuung wesentlich zur Integration und Bildung beitragen kann. Der Wissenschaftliche Beirat f{\"u}r Familienfragen des BMFSFJ versucht, diesen f{\"u}r die Integration zentralen Aspekt in den Diskurs zu Fl{\"u}chtlingen einzubringen und evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen zu geben. Abstract in English: Since 2015, many refugees have moved to Germany. So far, scholarly and political interests have focused on the possibilities of their labour market integration. However, the well-being and living arrangements of refugee families have been less investigated. This paper provides family-demographic data on refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Eritrea, and illustrates the high proportion of families with young children among them. The literature review of refugee families' usage of public funded day care demonstrates the potential of positive effects of early childhood education and care services on the integration and education of refugee children. The Scientific Advisory Board of the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth aims to bring this important issue for integration into the discourse on refugees and to provide evidence-based policy advice.}, language = {de} } @incollection{JalovaaraKreyenfeld, author = {Jalovaara, Marika and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Childbearing across partnerships in Finland and Germany}, series = {Divorce in Europe. New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups}, booktitle = {Divorce in Europe. New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {9783030258375 (print), 9783030258382 (online)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {315 -- 335}, abstract = {This chapter examines gender differences in "multipartner fertility" - i.e., having children with several partners - in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. Further, having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners.}, language = {en} } @article{KeckRadenackerBrueggmannetal., author = {Keck, Wolfgang and Radenacker, Anke and Br{\"u}ggmann, Daniel and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Mika, Tatjana}, title = {Statutory Pension Insurance Accounts and Divorce: A New Scientific Use File}, series = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik}, volume = {240}, journal = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik}, number = {6}, issn = {0021-4027}, doi = {10.1515/jbnst-2019-0064}, language = {en} } @book{SchneiderKreyenfeld, author = {Schneider, Norbert F. and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, isbn = {9781788975537}, doi = {10.4337/9781788975544}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {480}, abstract = {Exploring how family life has radically changed in recent decades, this comprehensive Research Handbook tracks the latest developments and trends in scholarly work on the family. With a particular focus on the European context, it addresses current debates and offers insights into key topics including: the division of housework, family forms and living arrangements, intergenerational relationships, partner choice, divorce and fertility behaviour.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldZinn, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Zinn, Sabine}, title = {Coronacrisis and care: How the coronavirus crisis affected fathers' involvement in Germany (Introduction to the Special Issue)}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {44 - Special Issue}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.4}, pages = {100 -- 122}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Some have hypothesized that the coronavirus crisis may result in a retraditionalization of behaviour. This paper examines this hypothesis by analyzing how the time fathers and mothers spent with their children changed during the first lockdown in the case of Germany. METHODS Data for this investigation come from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The outcome variable is the time spent on childcare tasks. We investigate how this time changed between 2019 and spring 2020 and how these patterns differed by gender, education, and employment situation. As a method, we employ linear panel regressions where the dependent variable is the change in childcare time between the two survey years. RESULTS We find that fathers and mothers expanded the time they spent on childcare to similar degrees between 2019 and spring 2020, which marks the period of the first lockdown. However, we also observe large differences by level of education. We find that men with low and medium levels of education spent more time with their children than they did before the onset of the crisis. CONTRIBUTION Our study provides novel evidence on the effect of the coronavirus crisis on fathers' involvement in childcare. Contrary to expectations based on previous research, we find that fathers expanded the time they were spending with their children during the first lockdown. While we also find that women continue to perform the bulk of childcare tasks, our results cast a positive light on the potential of paternal involvement in contemporary societies.}, language = {en} } @article{SprengholzDiehlGieseckeetal., author = {Sprengholz, Maximilian and Diehl, Claudia and Giesecke, Johannes and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {From "guest workers" to EU migrants: A gendered view on the labour market integration of different arrival cohorts in Germany}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {Special Issue}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-492}, pages = {1 -- 32}, abstract = {Objective: This paper draws on data from the Microcensus to provide a long-term overview of the labour market performance of different arrival cohorts of non-German women and men who immigrated to (western) Germany. Background: While there is a large body of research on the labour market outcomes of migrants to Germany, a long-term and gender-specific overview is missing. Method: We provide descriptive analyses of the employment rates, working hours, and occupational status levels of different arrival cohorts by gender, calendar year, and duration of stay. The data cover the time period 1976-2015. Results: With the exception of the earliest cohort, migrant women and men were consistently less likely to be employed than their German counterparts. While the average working hours of migrant women of earlier cohorts were longer than those of German women, this pattern reversed due to a considerable decline in the average working hours of migrant women across subsequent cohorts. The occupational status levels of female and male migrants increased across the arrival cohorts, corresponding to higher levels of education. Analyses by duration of stay indicate that the occupational status of the arrival cohorts tended to decline during their initial years of residence, and to stagnate thereafter. This pattern seems to be due in part to selective outmigration. Conclusion: Our results clearly show that the labour market performance of immigrants varied greatly by arrival cohort, reflecting the conditions and policy contexts during which they entered Germany. This conclusion applied especially to migrant women.}, language = {en} } @article{KreyenfeldDiehlKrohetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Diehl, Claudia and Kroh, Martin and Giesecke, Johannes}, title = {Female employment and migration in European countries}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {Special Issue}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-700}, abstract = {Objective: This chapter introduces the reader to the Special Issue "Female Employment and Migration in European Countries". Background: While there is a large body of research on the labour market performance of male migrants, women's employment behaviour after migration has only recently moved into the focus of attention. Method: This Special Issue draws on various research methods and data sources, including register, census, and survey data. Some of the studies focus on specific national contexts, such as the German, Spanish, Dutch, and Belgian situations. Other studies compare female migrants across European countries and between origin and destination countries. Results: The contributions in this Special Issue help to disentangle the complex interplay of socio-economic factors, family and fertility behaviour, gender role attitudes, and institutional constraints and policies that shape the employment behaviour of migrant women after they migrate. Conclusion: In many European countries, the employment rates of first-generation female migrants, and particularly those of women from non-EU countries of origin, lag behind the employment rates of native women. While prior research has often reported that socio-economic and cultural factors play a role in shaping the employment behaviour of female migrants, the contributions in this volume also emphasise the strong relevance of institutional factors in the receiving country, including migration, family, and labour market policies.}, language = {en} } @article{KonietzkaFeldhausKreyenfeldetal., author = {Konietzka, Dirk and Feldhaus, Michael and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Trappe, Heike}, title = {Family and intimate relationships}, series = {Soziologische Revue}, volume = {Special Issue}, journal = {Soziologische Revue}, editor = {Hollstein, Betina and Greshoff, Rainer and Schimank, Uwe and Weiß, Anja}, doi = {10.1515/9783110627275-008}, pages = {99 -- 116}, abstract = {This article provides an overview on research on intimate relationships and the family in Germany since the turn of the millennium. It is argued that "German family sociology" has undergone major changes in various ways. In theoretical terms, micro-theoretical approaches have largely replaced former macro-sociological debates on de-institutionalization and pluralization of the family. In empirical research, the application of a life course perspective and the use of longitudinal data have become more and more established. In substantial terms, researchers have pursued integrative research perspectives that link family dynamics to other life domains. Not least, publication strategies shifted in favor of English language and international journals. In sum, these developments have fundamentally changed the German researchlandscape on intimate relationships and the family.}, language = {en} } @techreport{NaujoksKreyenfeldDummert, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Naujoks, Tabea and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Dummert, Sandra}, title = {The Coronavirus Crisis, Fathers' Short-Time Work, and the Division of Child Care in Couples}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-3870}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-38700}, pages = {50}, abstract = {Objective. This paper examines how participation in the short-time work scheme affected the gendered division of child care during the COVID-19 crisis in Germany. Background. Short-time work (Kurzarbeit) has been one of the main policies used to combat the economic and labour market repercussions of the coronavirus pandemic in Germany. We examine whether and, if so, how the growing prevalence of short-time work has affected care patterns. Method. We use data from the IAB-HOPP, a longitudinal study monitored by the German Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The analytical sample includes couples with children aged 12 and younger (n=811). We employ multinomial logistic regressions in which the outcome variable is the change in the division of care work from a period before to a period during the coronavirus crisis (June to August 2020). Results: We find that among men, receiving short-time work benefits resulted in more gender-equal care patterns. However, we also find that participating in the short-time work programme had no strong or significant effects on the gendered division of care among women. Conclusion: The evidence from the coronavirus crisis suggests that changes in men's work patterns have the potential to shift the gendered division of care in the household.}, language = {en} } @article{BrueggmannKreyenfeld, author = {Br{\"u}ggmann, Daniel and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Die Einkommensverl{\"a}ufe von M{\"a}nnern nach Scheidung: Welchen Einfluss haben Kinder und Ex-Partnerinnen?}, series = {RV aktuell}, volume = {11/12}, journal = {RV aktuell}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchneiderKreyenfeld, author = {Schneider, Norbert F. and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Introduction: The sociology of the family - towards a European perspective}, series = {Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family}, editor = {Schneider, Norbert F. and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {9781788975537}, doi = {10.4337/9781788975544.00007}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {2 -- 20}, language = {en} } @incollection{KonietzkaKreyenfeld, author = {Konietzka, Dirk and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Life course sociology: Key concepts and applications in family sociology}, series = {Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family}, editor = {Schneider, Norbert and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {9781788975537}, doi = {10.4337/9781788975544.00012}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {73 -- 87}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Bev{\"o}lkerung}, series = {Lehrbuch der Soziologie}, booktitle = {Lehrbuch der Soziologie}, editor = {Joas, Hans and Mau, Steffen}, publisher = {Campus}, address = {Frankfurt /M.}, isbn = {9783593503462}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {789 -- 830}, language = {de} } @techreport{WalperKreyenfeldBebloetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Walper, Sabine and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Beblo, Miriam and Hahlweg, Kurt and Nebe, Katja and Schuler-Harms, Margarete and Fegert, J{\"o}rg M.}, title = {Gemeinsam getrennt erziehen. Gutachten des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats f{\"u}r Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @techreport{BaykaraKrummeBebloDethlofetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Baykara-Krumme, Helen and Beblo, Miriam and Dethlof, Nina and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Pl{\"u}nnecke, Axel and Pollak, Reinhard and Walper, Sabine}, title = {Neunter Familienbericht der Bundesregierung}, pages = {721}, abstract = {Der Neunte Familienbericht widmet sich dem Thema "Eltern sein in Deutschland" und bietet einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die wichtigsten gesellschaftlichen Trends, die das Familienleben und die Situation von Eltern in Deutschland bestimmen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Eltern als Weichensteller f{\"u}r das Leben ihrer Kinder. Anspr{\"u}che, Anforderungen und Angebote, denen sich Eltern bei wachsender Vielfalt gegen{\"u}bersehen, werden W{\"u}nschen und Zielen gegen{\"u}bergestellt, um daraus Empfehlungen f{\"u}r eine wirksame Politik f{\"u}r Familien abzuleiten. In ihrer Stellungnahme zum Sachverst{\"a}ndigenbericht legt die Bundesregierung dar, welche Schwerpunkte sie in der politischen Umsetzung der Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen des Berichts zuk{\"u}nftig setzt, damit Familien ihr Familienleben entsprechend ihren Vorstellungen und mit mehr Zeitsouver{\"a}nit{\"a}t gestalten k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{Kreyenfeld, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Stellungnahme zum „Entwurf eines Gesetzes {\"u}ber die statistische Erhebung der Zeitverwendung (Zeitverwendungserhebungsgesetz - ZVEG)}, pages = {10}, language = {de} } @article{MejiaKreyenfeld, author = {Mejia, Cristina Samper and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Marriage migration and women's entry into the German labour market}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {2}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-491}, pages = {439 -- 466}, abstract = {Objective: We analyse the employment patterns of childless first-generation migrants to Germany. In particular, we focus on the behaviour of female "marriage migrants". Marriage migrants are defined as individuals who married after their spouse had moved to Germany. Background: Demographic studies have illustrated that marriage migrants have particularly high childbirth rates upon arrival. There is, however, little empirical evidence on how the childbearing behaviour of migrant women is related to their employment behaviour. Method: We use event history techniques to study women's labour market entry after migration in relation to their childbearing behaviour. We draw on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). The analytical sample is restricted to immigrant women who moved while childless to Germany between 1990 and 2016 (n=981). Results: Compared to other groups, marriage migrants have very low chances of entering the labour market. Only 32 per cent of the migrants in our sample had ever participated in the labour market in the five-year period after their arrival in Germany. A large share of the differences between these migrants and other migrants can be attributed to the socio-demographic composition of these women, and to their tendency to transition to parenthood soon after their arrival. Conclusion: We argue that the low employment rates of female marriage migrants must also be viewed in the context of Germany's migration policies, which do not provide many routes for female third-country nationals to move to Germany. One of the few available channels is that of marriage migration. We conclude by discussing the social policy implications of these findings at a time when Germany is gradually becoming a dual-earner society.}, language = {en} } @article{KasrinKreyenfeldLenzeetal., author = {Kasrin, Zein and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Lenze, Anne and Zabel, Cordula}, title = {Alleinerziehende M{\"u}tter im SGB II-Bezug: Welche Bedeutung hat Unterhalt und Unterhaltsvorschuss f{\"u}r die Existenzsicherung?}, series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, volume = {12}, journal = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Familienrecht}, number = {8/2025}, issn = {2198-2333}, pages = {378 -- 382}, language = {de} } @article{MolinaAlonsoPerezKreyenfeld, author = {Molina, Stefania and Alonso-Perez, Enrique and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Divorce and Mental Health: Is Late Divorce Particularly Harmful for Women with Low Earnings?}, series = {Social Indicators Research}, journal = {Social Indicators Research}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, doi = {10.1007/s11205-025-03721-8}, abstract = {This paper examines the relationship between divorce and mental health, with a focus on how this association is stratified by sex, age, and individual income. In particular, we test the hypothesis that divorce at advanced ages (50-59) is particularly harmful for women with insufficient personal earnings. Data is drawn from German register data, which includes marital histories of divorcees and diagnosed health outcomes. The analytical sample includes persons aged 30-59 in 2015 (n = 23,426,639). The outcome is the annual incidence of mental disease diagnosis which is examined from an intersectional approach by drawing on MAIHDA (Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy). Our findings indicate that women are at a higher risk of receiving a mental health diagnosis than men. Divorce significantly amplifies this risk. Additionally, low income poses a heightened risk for both women and men, particularly when divorce occurs at advanced ages.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Kreyenfeld, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Stellungnahme zum „Entwurf eines Gesetzes {\"u}ber die statistische Erhebung der Zeitverwendung (Zeitverwendungserhebungsgesetz - ZVEG)"}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-3781}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-37818}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Die Zeitverwendungsstudie ist, neben Mikrozensus und Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe, eine der zentralen amtlichen Befragungen, die ein differenziertes Bild {\"u}ber die Zeitverwendung der Bev{\"o}lkerung nach sozio-demographischen Merkmalen liefert. Da schon Personen ab 10 Jahren befragt werden, ist sie zudem eine der wenigen Befragungen, die Einblicke in den Tagesablauf, die Zeitpr{\"a}ferenzen und auch den Zeitstress von Kindern und Jugendlichen liefert. Die Befragung umfasst Zeitinformationen f{\"u}r unterschiedlichste Bereiche - u.a. Freizeit, Pflege, Ehrenamt, Mobilit{\"a}t und Kinderbetreuung -, die in anderen Befragungen unterbelichtet sind. Zu Recht wird auf das Potenzial dieses Datensatzes verwiesen alternative Wohlstandsmaße bereitzustellen. Im vorliegenden Gesetzesentwurf werden vor allem die Erhebungsmerkmale festgelegt. Neben etablierten Fragebatterien werden auch neue Batterien aufgenommen. Mit der Integration einer neuen Frage zum „Kontakt zu eigenen Kindern, die nicht im Haushalt leben", sollen erstmalig auch haushalts{\"u}bergreifende Informationen zu Kindern erhoben werden. Dieser Schritt ist zu begr{\"u}ßen. Dennoch kann die Zeitverwendungsstudie in der vorgesehenen Form die Lebenswirklichkeiten von Trennungseltern und -kindern nicht hinreichend abbilden. Konkret wurden folgende Punkte in dieser Stellungnahme hervorgehoben: • Erstens wurde angeregt, Anstrengungen zu unternehmen Stieffamilien abzugrenzen. Dies w{\"u}rde es nicht nur erm{\"o}glichen, die Lebens- und Familienformen zeitgem{\"a}ß zu erfassen, sondern ebenfalls das v{\"a}terliche Engagement in der Kinderbetreuung ad{\"a}quater abzubilden. • Zweitens wurde kritisch vermerkt, dass Trennungseltern, die von ihren Kindern getrennt leben, nicht abgegrenzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Es kann auch nicht quantifiziert werden, in welcher Weise diese Eltern Zeit mit ihren Kindern verbringen. Es wird zwar dezidiert abgefragt, in welcher Weise „Unterst{\"u}tzung f{\"u}r andere Personen geleistet werden, die nicht Teil der Haushaltsgemeinschaft sind". Die Betreuungsleistungen, die dem eigenen getrennt lebenden Kind entgegen gebracht werden, werden hingegen nicht erfasst (bzw. gehen in dieser Item-Batterie unter). Gleichermaßen gilt dies f{\"u}r die Betreuungsleistungen, die ein Haushalt durch den getrennt lebenden Elternteil empf{\"a}ngt. • Drittens wurde vermerkt, dass eine Erfassung von migrationsspezifischen Indikatoren in Befragungen (wie Sprache, Geburtsland der Eltern) grunds{\"a}tzlich sinnvoll ist. Jedoch wurde kritisch hinterfragt, ob dies ebenfalls f{\"u}r die Zeitverwendungsstudie gilt, in der keine Substichprobe f{\"u}r Personen mit Migrationshintergrund vorgesehen ist und die Befragung nur in deutscher Sprache durchgef{\"u}hrt wird. • Viertens wurde angeregt, nicht nur die Erhebungsmerkmale in den Blick zu nehmen, sondern auch Augenmerk auf die Methodenweiterentwicklung zu richten. Gleichermaßen sollten M{\"o}glichkeiten von L{\"a}ngsschnittbefragungen und „abgespeckten" Befragungen in k{\"u}rzeren Befragungswellen ausgelotet werden.}, language = {de} } @techreport{AlonsoPerezMcEvoyRamosetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Alonso-Perez, Enrique and McEvoy, Olan and Ramos, Vincent and O'Sullivan, Julie Lorraine and Liebig, Stefan and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Lersch, Philipp and Bazzani, Giacomo and Guetto, Raffaele and Vignoli, Daniele and Heisig, Jan and Solga, Heike and Gellert, Paul}, title = {Cognitive Pretest of a Factorial Survey Experiment on Future Narratives and Family Care}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4174}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-41744}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Within the Preparation Module for the Einstein Center for Population Diversity (ECPD), diverse research institutions came together to provide new survey instruments for the innovation sample in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP-IS). With the goal of collecting insightful information about future narratives and family care, central topics of the ECPD research endeavor, factorial survey was chosen as a suitable method. A preliminary set of vignettes was designed conjointly, and before proceeding with the large-scale survey, a series of cognitive pretests were conducted to examine comprehensibility and context effects. In this study we describe the design and analysis of these cognitive pretests, with a special focus on the process of designing the final survey informed by the pretests' feedback.}, language = {en} } @article{NaujoksKreyenfeldDummert, author = {Naujoks, Tabea and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Dummert, Sandra}, title = {The division of child care during the coronavirus crisis in Germany: How did short-time work affect fathers' engagement?}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-717}, abstract = {Objective: This paper examines how participation in the short-time work scheme affected the gendered division of child care during the COVID-19 crisis in Germany. Background: Short-time work (Kurzarbeit) has been one of the main policies used to combat the economic and labour market repercussions of the coronavirus pandemic in Germany. We examine whether and, if so, how the growing prevalence of short-time work has affected care patterns. Method: We use data from the IAB-HOPP, a longitudinal study monitored by the German Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The analytical sample includes couples with children aged 12 and younger. We employ multinomial logistic regressions in which the outcome variable is the change in the division of care work from a period before to a period during the coronavirus crisis (June to October 2020). Results: We find that among men, receiving short-time work benefits resulted in more gender-equal care patterns. The positive effect of short-time work on the division of child care is moderated by the level of education. Fathers with low or medium education are more likely to increase their child care share when receiving short-time work benefits compared to fathers with high education. However, we also find that participating in the short-time work programme had no strong or significant effects on the gendered division of care among women. Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that men's working time is a major vehicle to change the gendered division of care in couple households.}, language = {en} } @article{AlonsoPerezGellertKreyenfeldetal., author = {Alonso-Perez, Enrique and Gellert, Paul and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and O'Sullivan, Julie Lorraine}, title = {Family Structure and Family Climate in Relation to Health and Socioeconomic Status for Older Adults: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Analysis}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {18}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph191811840}, abstract = {Family characteristics are associated with individuals' health and wellbeing. However, the link between family structure (e.g., operationalized via marital status) and health outcomes is ambiguous, and whether family climate mediates the relationship is unclear. This study uses the Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) to investigate the association of older adults' family structure with later health, the mediating role of family climate and mental health and how these links vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Using data from n = 29,457 respondents aged over 50 in Waves 4, 5 and 6 (2011, 2013 and 2015) of the Survey of Health, Retirement and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), the BBFM was applied in a longitudinal mediation analysis of family structure and health, including both indicators of mental and physical health. Structural equation modeling was applied, and a multigroup analysis was performed to test the role of SES in a moderated mediation. Family climate and mental health mediated the relationship between family structure and subsequent physical health. Good levels of family climate were found to be consistently associated with improved mental and physical health. These relationships were significantly moderated by SES, showing that the association of family climate and health was weaker for those in low SES positions. Family climate and mental health should be considered as potential mechanisms linking family structure to later physical health outcomes across time; however, these associations are diminished for those with low SES.}, language = {en} } @periodical{ZartlerSuwadaKreyenfeld, author = {Zartler, Ulrike and Suwada, Katarzyna and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {Family Lives during the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Societies}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {1}, edition = {43}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-2022-34-1}, language = {en} } @periodical{KreyenfeldDiehlKrohetal., author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Diehl, Claudia and Kroh, Martin and Giesecke, Johannes}, title = {Employment and Family Behaviour after Migration}, series = {Journal of Family Research}, volume = {Special Issue}, journal = {Journal of Family Research}, number = {33}, doi = {10.20377/jfr-2021-33-2}, language = {en} } @article{WalperKreyenfeld, author = {Walper, Sabine and Kreyenfeld, Michaela}, title = {The intensification of parenting in Germany: The role of socioeconomic background and family form}, series = {Social Sciences}, volume = {11 (3)}, journal = {Social Sciences}, number = {134}, doi = {10.3390/socsci11030134}, abstract = {Drawing on the international discourse on the intensification of parenting and new data from Germany, this paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the unique challenges that parents face in the 21st century. We used data from the survey "Parenthood Today", which was conducted in 2019 to examine parents' views on parenting in Germany. The data comprised standardized interviews with 1652 mothers and fathers. We focused on three dimensions of parental pressures: namely, time pressure, financial pressure, and pressure that emanates from the educational system. Time pressure referred to the pressure currently felt, whereas financial pressure and pressure from the educational system referred to changes across time. In each of these domains, more than 60\% of the parents experienced high (time) or increasing (education and financial) pressure. Binary logistic regressions showed that while parental education was a strong predictor of experiencing an increase in financial pressure, parental education did not matter for other realms of parenting. However, employment and family form were strongly related to parental time pressure. Full-time employed lone mothers, but also non-resident fathers, reported experiencing heavy pressure when trying to balance their roles as a worker and as a carer. Our results draw attention to the importance of better integrating the needs of post-separation families, including of non-resident fathers, in the debate on the "intensification of parenting".}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldKonietzka, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Konietzka, Dirk}, title = {Sozialstruktur und Familienformen}, series = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie}, editor = {Hill, Paul B. and Kopp, Johannes}, publisher = {Springer VS}, isbn = {978-3-658-02276-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_12}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {345 -- 373}, abstract = {Der Beitrag beschreibt die Grundz{\"u}ge des sozialstrukturellen Wandels der Lebensformen in Deutschland. Zun{\"a}chst werden Konzepte und theoretische Ans{\"a}tze zur Erkl{\"a}rung von Lebensformen und familialen Verhaltensweisen skizziert. Anschließend werden Strukturen und Wandel der Lebens- und Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland nach 1990 auf der Grundlage des Mikrozensus und des deutschen Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) empirisch untersucht. Dargestellt werden die altersspezifische Verteilung der Lebensformen, der Wandel der Familienformen von Frauen und M{\"a}nnern seit den 1990er Jahren sowie bildungsspezifische Entwicklungen. Weiterhin beleuchtet der Artikel an den Beispielen des {\"U}bergangs zur Mutterschaft und der nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft die kohortenspezifi sche Lebenslaufdynamik von Familienformen. Schließlich wird mit Stieff amilien ein in der empirischen Forschung bislang wenig untersuchter Aspekt der Differenzierung der Familienformen aufgegriffen.}, language = {de} }