@article{JeannotVandeWalleHammerschmid, author = {Jeannot, Gilles and Van de Walle, Steven and Hammerschmid, Gerhard}, title = {Homogeneous National Management Policies or Autonomous Choices by Administrative units?}, series = {Public Performance and Management Review}, volume = {41}, journal = {Public Performance and Management Review}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1080/15309576.2018.1442359}, pages = {497 -- 518}, abstract = {This article presents an original research on the use of management tools in central government departments and agencies in 16 European countries. It is based on a survey conducted among senior managers (n = 5,998). The analysis shows that the use of management tools results from a combination of top-down implementation of a list of management tools at the national level, combined with a bottom-up independent selection of tools by administrative units. The variation in management tool use depends on the type of tool. While the uses of a HRM tool, such as performance-related pay, or a financial tool, such as risk management, are heavily influenced by national public management policies, service quality-type tools, such as user surveys or quality management systems, tend to be chosen in a more autonomous manner by different administrative units, especially agencies.}, language = {en} }