@article{FrankNivorozhkin, author = {Frank, Emily and Nivorozhkin, Anton}, title = {Legal status and refugees' perceptions of institutional justice: The role of communication quality}, series = {Public Administration Review}, volume = {85}, journal = {Public Administration Review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1111/puar.13898}, pages = {1004 -- 1018}, abstract = {What factors influence refugees' perceptions of justice in bureaucratic institutions? As global migration movements draw increasing attention, migrants' experiences as constituents in destination countries merit further research. Drawing evidence from the 2018 survey of refugees participating in the German Socio-Economic Panel, this article examines the role of legal status in shaping perceptions of justice at government offices. Our findings highlight a stark contrast: refugees with unstable legal statuses often perceive bureaucratic proceedings as less just compared to those with firmer legal standings. However, refugees' perceptions of a more positive encounter their encounters with street-level bureaucrats can act as a buffer against the negative effects of legal status on perceptions of justice at government offices. These insights underscore a pressing policy implication: asylum procedures, currently marked by ambiguity and delays, could benefit significantly from enhanced communication quality on the part of street-level bureaucrats.}, language = {en} } @article{Frank, author = {Frank, Emily}, title = {Determinants of welfare benefit use of immigrant groups - longitudinal evidence from Germany}, series = {Frontiers in Sociology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Sociology}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.839352}, abstract = {While recent literature in Germany has compared predictors of welfare use between EU and non-EU immigrants, refugees have yet to be added to the analysis. Using survey data of approximately 4,000 immigrants living in Germany, I examine the determinants of basic unemployment benefits receipt for intra-EU immigrants, refugees, and third country immigrants. In particular, I investigate how education affects the likelihood of welfare use for each immigrant group. Even after controlling for human capital factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and factors related to migration such as legal status and age at migration, refugees remain significantly more likely to receive benefits. Results demonstrate that higher education significantly decreases the likelihood of welfare receipt for EU and third country immigrants, but much less so for refugees. These findings may indicate that refugees' education is not being used to its full potential in the labor market or that they face additional challenges hindering their labor market integration. A further and unanticipated finding is that immigrants who hold permanent residency or German citizenship are less likely to receive unemployment benefits, pointing either to positive effects of a secure residency or selection into permanent residency and citizenship among those with the greatest labor market success. Overall, this research shows that challenges beyond human capital deficiencies and sociodemographic characteristics must be considered when studying immigrants' receipt of social benefits, that not all educational credentials are valued equally, and that the experiences of refugees differ in significant ways from those of other immigrant groups.}, language = {en} } @article{Frank, author = {Frank, Emily}, title = {"Why It's Different?": Hierarchies of (Non-) Belonging in German Refugee Categorizations}, series = {Journal of Immigrant \& Refugee Studies}, journal = {Journal of Immigrant \& Refugee Studies}, publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, doi = {10.1080/15562948.2025.2529497}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Migrants' perceptions of belonging are shaped by the social policies with which they are received by the state. In Germany, policies grant refugees different levels of labor market access according to legal status, a hierarchical system also referred to as differential inclusion. This study compares perceptions and experiences of these labor market policies and discourses among refugees with four legal statuses. Refugees with the most precarious legal status are largely barred from the labor market, leading them to experience severe exclusion and pushing them into liminal spaces of existence. While recognized refugees may be able to work, racialized discourses about their deservingness create conditional and limited senses of belonging. Finally, refugees often themselves observe these hierarchies, reinforcing feelings of exclusion. Results demonstrate how the hierarchies present in policies create a stratified system of differential non-belonging. Overall, the article sheds light on how differential inclusion of refugees also results in hierarchized experiences of differential (non-)belonging.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Frank, author = {Frank, Emily}, title = {Bureaucracy as Borders: Refugees' Experiences of Citizenship at Government Offices}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5610}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-56104}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {204}, abstract = {.}, language = {en} }