@misc{HurrelmannTraxlerKarch, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Traxler, Christian and Karch, Heribert}, title = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung - L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in Deutschland und Europa}, editor = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Traxler, Christian and Karch, Heribert}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-3369-4}, pages = {224}, abstract = {Die Studie gibt Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber, wie Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene {\"u}ber das Geld von heute und die Rente von morgen denken. Sie macht eindringlich klar: Die nachhaltige Alterssicherung ist in Gefahr - und zwar nicht nur in Deutschland. Wer heute in das Berufsleben eintritt, soll sich vom ersten Tag an um seine Alterssicherung k{\"u}mmern. Wer das nicht tut, ist sp{\"a}ter von Altersarmut bedroht. Wohl noch nie stand eine junge Generation so stark im Spannungsfeld von eigener Verantwortung und staatlicher Regulierung. Die Studie gibt Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber, welche Einstellungen Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene zu Vorsorge und Finanzthemen haben. Erg{\"a}nzt wird sie durch Beitr{\"a}ge europ{\"a}ischer Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler. Sie analysieren die L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in verschiedenen L{\"a}ndern und machen eindringlich klar: Nicht nur in Deutschland ist die nachhaltige Alterssicherung in Gefahr.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HurrelmannKarchTraxler, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Karch, Heribert and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Die Generation Y und die Altersvorsorge. Ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den Stand der Forschung}, series = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen! Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung - L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in Deutschland und Europa}, booktitle = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen! Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung - L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in Deutschland und Europa}, editor = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Karch, Heribert and Traxler, Christian}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-3369-4}, pages = {14 -- 28}, abstract = {Die Studie gibt Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber, wie Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene {\"u}ber das Geld von heute und die Rente von morgen denken. Sie macht eindringlich klar: Die nachhaltige Alterssicherung ist in Gefahr - und zwar nicht nur in Deutschland. Wer heute in das Berufsleben eintritt, soll sich vom ersten Tag an um seine Alterssicherung k{\"u}mmern. Wer das nicht tut, ist sp{\"a}ter von Altersarmut bedroht. Wohl noch nie stand eine junge Generation so stark im Spannungsfeld von eigener Verantwortung und staatlicher Regulierung. Die Studie gibt Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber, welche Einstellungen Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene zu Vorsorge und Finanzthemen haben. Erg{\"a}nzt wird sie durch Beitr{\"a}ge europ{\"a}ischer Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler. Sie analysieren die L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in verschiedenen L{\"a}ndern und machen eindringlich klar: Nicht nur in Deutschland ist die nachhaltige Alterssicherung in Gefahr.}, language = {de} } @misc{HurrelmannKarchTraxler, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Karch, Heribert and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Jugend, Vorsorge Finanzen. Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-3369-4}, pages = {224}, language = {de} } @incollection{HurrelmannTraxler, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Eigeninitiative oder sanfter Paternalismus? Die Rolle von Nudging f{\"u}r die Altersvorsorge}, series = {Jugend, Vorsorge Finanzen. Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung - L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in Deutschland und Europa}, booktitle = {Jugend, Vorsorge Finanzen. Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung - L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in Deutschland und Europa}, editor = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Karch, Heribert and Traxler, Christian}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-3369-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23325}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {77 -- 87}, abstract = {Die Studie gibt Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber, wie Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene {\"u}ber das Geld von heute und die Rente von morgen denken. Sie macht eindringlich klar: Die nachhaltige Alterssicherung ist in Gefahr - und zwar nicht nur in Deutschland. Wer heute in das Berufsleben eintritt, soll sich vom ersten Tag an um seine Alterssicherung k{\"u}mmern. Wer das nicht tut, ist sp{\"a}ter von Altersarmut bedroht. Wohl noch nie stand eine junge Generation so stark im Spannungsfeld von eigener Verantwortung und staatlicher Regulierung. Die Studie gibt Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber, welche Einstellungen Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene zu Vorsorge und Finanzthemen haben. Erg{\"a}nzt wird sie durch Beitr{\"a}ge europ{\"a}ischer Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler. Sie analysieren die L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze in verschiedenen L{\"a}ndern und machen eindringlich klar: Nicht nur in Deutschland ist die nachhaltige Alterssicherung in Gefahr.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HurrelmannTraxler, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Die Generation Y und die Altersvorsorge. Ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den Stand der Forschung}, series = {Jugend, Vorsorge Finanzen. Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung}, booktitle = {Jugend, Vorsorge Finanzen. Zwischen Eigenverantwortung und Regulierung}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-3369-4}, pages = {14 -- 25}, language = {de} } @article{EngelGoergTraxler, author = {Engel, Christoph and Goerg, Sebastian and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Intensified support for juvenile offenders on probation: Evidence from Germany}, series = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1111/jels.12311}, pages = {447 -- 490}, abstract = {This paper studies a probation program in Cologne, Germany. The program, which has a clear rehabilitative focus, offers intensified personal support to serious juvenile offenders over the first 6 months of their probation period. To evaluate the program's impact on recidivism, we draw on two research designs. Firstly, a small-scale randomized trial assigns offenders to probation with regular or intensified support. Secondly, a regression discontinuity design exploits a cutoff that defines program eligibility. The results suggest that the program reduces recidivism. The effect seems persistent over at least 3 years. Our evidence further indicates that the drop in recidivism is strongest among less severe offenders.}, language = {en} } @techreport{TraxlerAltmannWeinschenk, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Traxler, Christian and Altmann, Steffen and Weinschenk, Philip}, title = {Deadlines and Memory Limitations}, pages = {62}, abstract = {This paper studies the behavioral consequences of deadlines. In cooperation with a dental clinic, we conduct two natural field experiments that exogenously vary deadlines and associated rewards for arranging check-up appointments. Our data show strong and systematic effects of deadlines on patients' behavior. Imposing relatively tight deadlines induces patients to act earlier and at a persistently higher frequency than without a deadline. Several of our findings suggest that individuals' responses to deadlines are shaped by limitations in memory and attention.}, language = {en} } @techreport{TraxlerLinek, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Traxler, Christian and Linek, Maximilian}, title = {Framing and Social Information Nudges at Wikipedia}, pages = {34}, abstract = {We analyze a series of trials that randomly assignedWikipedia users in Germany to different web banners soliciting donations. The trials varied content or framing of social information about how many other users are donating. Framing of a given number of donors in a negative way increased donation rates. Variation in social information had no detectable effects. The findings are consistent with the results from a survey experiment. In line with donations being strategic substitutes, the survey documents that the negative framing lowers beliefs about others' donations. In contrast, the provided social information is ineffective in changing average beliefs. The ineffectiveness seems to be due to the limited salience rather than the limited credibility of the social information.}, language = {en} } @article{DušekTraxler2022, author = {Dušek, Libor and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Learning from Law Enforcement}, series = {Journal of the European Economic Association}, volume = {2}, journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association}, edition = {20}, issn = {1542-4766}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvab037}, pages = {739 -- 777}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper studies how punishment affects future compliance behavior and isolates deterrence effects mediated by learning. Using administrative data from speed cameras that capture the full driving histories of more than a million cars over several years, we evaluate responses to punishment at the extensive (receiving a speeding ticket) and intensive margins (tickets with higher fines). Two complementary empirical strategies—a regression discontinuity design and an event study—coherently document strong responses to receiving a ticket: The speeding rate drops by a third and re-offense rates fall by 70\%. Higher fines produce a small but imprecisely estimated additional effect. All responses occur immediately and are persistent over time, with no backsliding toward speeding even two years after receiving a ticket. Our evidence rejects unlearning and temporary salience effects. Instead, it supports a learning model in which agents update their priors on the expected punishment in a coarse manner.}, language = {en} } @article{BauernschusterTraxler, author = {Bauernschuster, Stefan and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Tempolimit 130 auf Autobahnen: Eine evidenzbasierte Diskussion der Auswirkunge}, series = {Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik}, volume = {22}, journal = {Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1515/pwp-2021-0023}, pages = {86 -- 102}, abstract = {Welche Effekte w{\"u}rde ein allgemeines Tempolimit auf deutschen Autobahnen mit sich bringen? Stefan Bauernschuster und Christian Traxler versuchen, sich dieser oft emotional diskutierten Frage empirisch zu n{\"a}hern. Die Autoren stoßen dabei rasch an Grenzen: Die Datenlage ist d{\"u}rftig und kausale Evidenz ist rar. Gleichwohl skizzieren sie in ihrem Beitrag auf Basis der vorhandenen Daten und der internationalen Literatur eine Einsch{\"a}tzung, wie sich die Einf{\"u}hrung eines Tempolimits 130 unter anderem auf Verkehrssicherheit, Emissionen und Zeitverluste auswirkt. Vieles spricht daf{\"u}r, dass der Nutzen eines Tempolimits die m{\"o}glichen Kosten {\"u}bersteigt. Die Autoren rufen zu einer St{\"a}rkung der evidenzbasierten Verkehrspolitik auf.}, language = {de} } @article{TraxlerDušekPardo, author = {Traxler, Christian and Dušek, Libor and Pardo, Nicolas}, title = {Salience and Timely Compliance: Evidence from Speeding Tickets}, series = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management}, volume = {2}, journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management}, edition = {41}, doi = {10.1002/pam.22387}, pages = {426 -- 449}, abstract = {This paper studies the enforcement of fines, and, in particular, the effects of simplification and salience nudges on timely payments. In a randomized controlled trial, we add cover letters to 80,000 payment notifications for speeding. The letters increase the salience of the payment deadline, the late penalty, or both. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. Stressing the late penalty significantly and persistently increases payment rates. The effect is largest if both parameters are made salient. The most effective treatment yields a net revenue gain that covers approximately 25 percent of the labor costs of the ticket administration personnel. A survey experiment documents how the salience nudges alter prior (mis)perceptions about the communicated parameters. The survey results rationalize the differential effects of the treatments and, together with the evidence from the RCT, offer a broader framework for explaining why certain nudges are effective in some contexts but fail in others.}, language = {en} } @article{LinekTraxler, author = {Linek, Maximilian and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Framing and Social Information Nudges at Wikipedia}, series = {Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization}, volume = {188}, journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization}, issn = {0167-2681}, doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2021.06.033}, pages = {1269 -- 1279}, abstract = {We analyze a series of trials that randomly assigned Wikipedia users in Germany to different web banners soliciting donations. The trials varied framing or content of social information about how many other users are donating. Framing a given number of donors in a negative way increased donation rates. Variations in the communicated social information had no detectable effects. The findings are consistent with the results from a survey experiment. In line with donations being strategic substitutes, the survey documents that the negative framing lowers beliefs about others' donations. Varying the social information, in contrast, is ineffective in changing average beliefs.}, language = {en} } @article{AltmannTraxlerWeinschenk2021, author = {Altmann, Steffen and Traxler, Christian and Weinschenk, Philipp}, title = {Deadlines and Memory Limitations}, series = {Management Science}, volume = {68}, journal = {Management Science}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2021.4227}, pages = {6733 -- 6750}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of two natural field experiments at a dental clinic. Guided by a simple theoretical model, we exogenously vary deadlines and associated rewards for arranging check-up appointments. Our data show strong and systematic effects of deadlines on patients' behavior. Imposing deadlines induces patients to act earlier and at a persistently higher frequency than without a deadline. We further document that individuals systematically respond to deadlines, even if these are not tied to explicit rewards. Several of our findings suggest that individuals' responses to deadlines are shaped by limitations in memory and attention. Our results illustrate that deadlines can be a powerful management tool to encourage timely task completion and to increase the cost effectiveness of performance-contingent rewards.}, language = {en} } @misc{TraxlerKarchHurrelmann, author = {Traxler, Christian and Karch, Heribert and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, title = {Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen. MetallRente Studie 2022. Zwischen sozialstaatlichem Anspruch und Individualisierung}, publisher = {Juventa Verlag GmbH}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6743-9}, pages = {108}, abstract = {Die MetallRente Jugendstudie ist die umfassendste repr{\"a}sentative Untersuchung zum Finanz- und Vorsorgeverhalten junger Menschen in Deutschland. Die f{\"u}nfte Studie analysiert auch Einfl{\"u}sse der Corona-Pandemie auf die Bereitschaft junger Menschen zur Zukunftsplanung und ihr Vorsorgeverhalten. Trauen 17- bis 27-J{\"a}hrige dem Staat eine zukunftsfeste Alterssicherung f{\"u}r ihre Generation zu? Wie stehen sie zu immer neuen politischen Vorschl{\"a}gen? Wie schauen sie auf Sicherheit und Rendite? Angesichts Niedrigzinsen, {\"U}beralterung und mangelnden Reformen orientiert sich eine ganze Generation neu.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Traxler, author = {Traxler, Christian}, title = {Behavioural Insights for Health Governance}, series = {The Governance Report 2019: Health Governance}, booktitle = {The Governance Report 2019: Health Governance}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780198821502}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {135 -- 148}, language = {en} } @techreport{DušekPardoTraxler, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Dušek, Libor and Pardo, Nicolas and Traxler, Christian}, title = {Salience, Incentives, and Timely Compliance: Evidence from Speeding Tickets}, series = {MPI Collective Goods Discussion Paper}, journal = {MPI Collective Goods Discussion Paper}, edition = {No. 2020/9}, pages = {50}, abstract = {This paper studies the enforcement of fines. We randomly assign 80,000 speeding tickets to treatments that increase the salience of the payment deadline, late penalties, or both. Stressing the penalties significantly and persistently increases payment rates. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. The findings from the RCT are consistent with a survey experiment which documents the treatments' impact on priors about parameters of the compliance problem. Exploiting discontinuous variation in fines, we then document a strong price responsiveness: a 1\% increase in the payment obligation induces a 0.23 percentage point decrease in timely compliance. This semi-elasticity suggests that the impact of the salience nudges is equivalent to the effect of a 4-9\% reduction in fines.}, language = {en} } @techreport{TraxlerWegrich, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Traxler, Christian and Wegrich, Kai}, title = {Attitudes on Urban Mobility Policies. Results from a Survey in Berlin}, publisher = {Hertie School}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Urban mobility policies and the discussion around them have gained traction in many European cities, including Berlin. This policy brief presents survey evidence examining the preferences of citizens of Berlin city on mobility policy changes. The survey covers the expansion of bike infrastructure, the creation of traffic-calmed neighborhoods (Kiezblocks akin to Barcelona's superblocks), the implementation of a 30km/h speed limit on main roads, increased parking fees, and introduction of congestion charges. The results indicate majority support for more cycle paths and a further roll out of Kiezblocks. In contrast, only a third of respondents support an increase in parking fees and the introduction of a congestion charge. Support and opposition is strongly correlated with education, political attitudes and car (vs bike) ownership.}, language = {en} } @techreport{TraxlerDušek, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Traxler, Christian and Dušek, Libor}, title = {Fines, Non-Payment, and Revenues: Evidence from Speeding Tickets}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4281384}, pages = {29}, abstract = {We estimate the effect of the level of fines on payment compliance and revenues collected from speeding tickets. Exploiting discontinuous increases in fines at speed cutoffs, we implement a regression discontinuity design. The results document small payment responses: a 10 percent increase in the fine (i.e. the payment obligation) induces a 1 percentage point decline in timely payments. The implied revenue elasticity is about 0.9. Expressed in absolute terms, a one euro increase in the fine translates into a roughly 60 cent increase in payments collected.}, language = {en} } @techreport{TraxlerDušekPardo, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Traxler, Christian and Dušek, Libor and Pardo, Nicolas}, title = {Jak zlepšit v{\´y}běr pokut? Experiment se zjednodušen{\´i}m informac{\´i}}, number = {Studie 2/2023}, publisher = {Legal Data Hub}, pages = {13}, language = {mul} } @article{TraxlerDušek, author = {Traxler, Christian and Dušek, Libor}, title = {Fines, nonpayment, and revenues: evidence from speeding tickets}, series = {The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization}, journal = {The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization}, doi = {10.1093/jleo/ewad025}, abstract = {We estimate the effect of the level of fines on payment compliance and revenues collected from speeding tickets. Exploiting discontinuous increases in fines at speed cutoffs and reform-induced variation in these discontinuities, we implement two complementary regression discontinuity designs. The results consistently document small payment responses: a 10\% increase in the fine (i.e., the payment obligation) induces a 1.2 percentage point decline in timely payments. The implied revenue elasticity is about 0.9. Expressed in absolute terms, a one-dollar increase in the fine translates into a roughly 60-cent increase in payments collected within 15 days (JEL H27, H26, K42).}, language = {en} }