@article{FlachslandLevi, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Levi, Sebastian}, title = {Germany's Federal Climate Change Act}, series = {Environmental Politics}, volume = {30}, journal = {Environmental Politics}, number = {sup1}, doi = {10.1080/09644016.2021.1980288}, pages = {118 -- 140}, abstract = {Despite significant renewable energy expansion in the past, Germany has encountered difficulties in meeting its national greenhouse gas emission targets. In response, Germany adopted the Federal Climate Change Act (CCA) in 2019. We analyze the state of climate governance in Germany before the CCA, the main design elements of the CCA, and assess the potential of the CCA to change German climate governance. Drawing on policy integration theory and 26 semi-structured interviews with senior policymakers and stakeholders, we find that German climate governance before the CCA was only moderately integrated. The sectoral emission targets legislated by the CCA make climate change mitigation a priority sector goal in non-energy sectors, and CCA provisions for monitoring, assessing and implementing policy reforms promise to enhance alignment of instruments with targets over time. Overall, the CCA advances a multi- rather than cross-sector climate governance, failing to advance coordination across sectors and ministries.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EdmondsonFlachslandausdemMooreetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Edmondson, Duncan and Flachsland, Christian and aus dem Moore, Nils and Koch, Nicolas and Koller, Florian and Gruhl, Henri and Brehm, Johannes and Levi, Sebastian}, title = {Bewertung klimapolitischer Instrumentenmix-Pfade - Eine Anwendung auf leichte Nutzfahrzeuge in Deutschland}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {156}, language = {de} } @techreport{FlachslandSteckelJakobetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Steckel, Jan and Jakob, Michael and Fahl, Ulrich and Feist, Marian and G{\"o}rlach, Benjamin and K{\"u}hner, Ann-Kathrin and T{\"a}nzler, Dennis and Zeller, Marie}, title = {Eckpunkte zur Entwicklung einer Klimaaußenpolitikstrategie Deutschlands}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {38}, abstract = {Eine koh{\"a}rente Klimaaußenpolitik (KAP) Deutschlands ist essentiell f{\"u}r das Gelingen sowohl der nationalen und europ{\"a}ischen Energiewende als auch f{\"u}r die effektive Unterst{\"u}tzung ambitionierter Klimapolitik außerhalb der Europ{\"a}ischen Union. Ziel dieses Ariadne-Hintergrundpapiers ist es, einen Diskussionsbeitrag zur Strukturierung der Debatte um die Eckpunkte und Optionen zur Ausarbeitung und Weiterentwicklung der deutschen KAP-Strategie zu leisten. Dazu werden vier Kategorien relevanter Ziele unterschieden. Diese reichen von klassischen klimapolitischen Zielen {\"u}ber industriepolitische sowie sicherheits- und handelspolitische Ziele hin zu breiteren außenpolitischen Zielen. F{\"u}r jedes Ziel m{\"u}ssen entsprechende Mittel identifiziert werden, mit denen es erreicht werden kann, und Barrieren, die ihm im Weg stehen und entsprechend bedacht werden m{\"u}ssen. F{\"u}r die Charakterisierung und Analyse verschiedener Mittel werden f{\"u}nf Kategorien vorgeschlagen. Eine zentrale, aber in der Bewertung konzeptionell und empirisch herausfordernde Kategorie ist dabei das Transformationspotenzial einer Maßnahme. Im Fall von Zielkonflikten und begrenzten Ressourcen m{\"u}ssen Ziele priorisiert werden. Wir skizzieren daf{\"u}r einen analytischen Rahmen und diskutieren illustrativ m{\"o}gliche Optionen zur strategischen Gesamtausrichtung. Diese umfassen zum einen KAP-Gesamtstrategien von Staaten gegen{\"u}ber allen anderen L{\"a}ndern, und zum anderen Strategien f{\"u}r spezifische Staaten (z.B. die deutsche Strategie f{\"u}r den Umgang mit Indien oder S{\"u}dafrika). Dabei k{\"o}nnen Strategien in einem Kontinuum von maximaler Priorisierung von Klimazielen (Klimapolitik First) bis hin zur nachrangigen Behandlung (Klimapolitik als Mittel zum Zweck) verortet und entsprechend ausgestaltet werden. Neben den Inhalten der Strategie werden Fragen der Organisation und Koordination in der Entwicklung und Implementierung der KAP-Strategie in den Blick genommen und die n{\"a}chsten Schritte diskutiert. Eine erfolgreiche KAP-Strategie sollte dabei von Beginn an zwischen zentralen Stakeholdern im In- und Ausland in jeweils geeigneten Formaten erarbeitet, implementiert und im Sinne eines Lernprozesses fortlaufend angepasst werden. Eine KAP sollte sich in die breitere Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik Deutschlands einf{\"u}gen, da relevante Politikfelder auf verschiedenen Ebenen eng miteinander verbunden sind. Bei der Erarbeitung der neuen KAP-Strategie der Bundesregierung sollte dazu insbesondere auf Koh{\"a}renz zur deutschen Sicherheits- und der Chinastrategie geachtet werden. Grundlage der Strategieentwicklung ist die Kl{\"a}rung m{\"o}glicher Ziele und Mittel der deutschen KAP und ihrer Wechselwirkungen miteinander. Eine KAP-Strategie muss durch Analysen zu Umsetzbarkeit und Kosten, politischen Widerst{\"a}nden und Zielkonflikten informiert sein und die normativen Vorgaben der deutschen Außenpolitik ber{\"u}cksichtigen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{ZwarEdenhoferRuzelyteetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Zwar, Claudia and Edenhofer, Jacob and Ruzelyte, Victoria and Edmondson, Duncan and Flachsland, Christian}, title = {Mapping variation in institutions for climate policymaking - Climate institutions in Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Australia}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {91}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchlackeKnodtFlachslandetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Schlacke, Sabine and Knodt, Mich{\`e}le and Flachsland, Christian and M{\"u}ller, Thorsten and Findeisen, Francesco and Kemmerzell, J{\"o}rg and Maruschke, Jana and Plate, Christoph and Sulerz, Julia and Thierjung, Eva-Maria}, title = {Die Handlungsf{\"a}higkeit des deutschen Staates in der Klima- und Energiepolitik}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.48485/pik.2025.014}, pages = {13}, language = {de} } @techreport{FlachslandEdenhoferZwar, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Edenhofer, Jacob and Zwar, Claudia}, title = {Eine vertane Chance, aber keine Katastrophe: Die Novelle des Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetzes}, series = {Verfassungsblog}, journal = {Verfassungsblog}, number = {2024/05/06}, doi = {10.59704/2c0758cc33ed9dc3}, language = {de} } @article{CallaghanBanischDoebbelingHildebrandtetal., author = {Callaghan, Max and Banisch, Lucy and Doebbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas and Edmondson, Duncan and Flachsland, Christian and Lamb, William F. and Levi, Sebastian and M{\"u}ller-Hansen, Finn and Posada, Eduardo and Vasudevan, Shraddha and Minx, Jan C.}, title = {Machine learning map of climate policy literature reveals disparities between scientific attention, policy density, and emissions}, series = {npj Climate Action}, volume = {4}, journal = {npj Climate Action}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2731-9814}, doi = {10.1038/s44168-024-00196-0}, abstract = {Current climate mitigation policies are not sufficient to meet the Paris temperature target, and ramping up efforts will require rapid learning from the scientific literature on climate policies. This literature is vast and widely dispersed, as well as hard to define and categorise, hampering systematic efforts to learn from it. We use a machine learning pipeline using transformer-based language models to systematically map the relevant scientific literature on climate policies at scale and in real-time. Our "living systematic map" of climate policy research features a set of 84,990 papers, and classifies each of them by policy instrument type, sector, and geography. We explore how the distribution of these papers varies across countries, and compare this to the distribution of emissions and enacted climate policies. Results suggests a potential stark under-representation of industry sector policies, as well as diverging attention between science and policy with respect to economic and regulatory instruments.}, language = {en} } @article{EdmondsonFlachslandausdemMooreetal., author = {Edmondson, Duncan and Flachsland, Christian and aus dem Moore, Nils and Koch, Nicolas and Koller, Florian and Gruhl, Henri and Brehm, Johannes}, title = {Anticipatory climate policy mix pathways: a framework for ex-ante construction and assessment applied to the road transport sector}, series = {Climate Policy}, journal = {Climate Policy}, issn = {1469-3062}, doi = {10.1080/14693062.2024.2397440}, language = {en} } @article{EdenhoferFlachsland, author = {Edenhofer, Ottmar and Flachsland, Christian}, title = {Eckpunkte einer CO2-Preisreform f{\"u}r Deutschland}, edition = {MCC Working paper 1/2018}, publisher = {Potsdam-Institut f{\"u}r Klimafolgenforschung \& Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gemeinn{\"u}tzige GmbH}, pages = {23}, abstract = {.}, language = {de} } @article{LeipprandFlachslandPahle, author = {Leipprand, Anna and Flachsland, Christian and Pahle, Michael}, title = {Energy transition on the rise : discourses on energy future in the German parliament}, series = {Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research}, journal = {Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {30}, doi = {10.1080/13511610.2016.1215241}, pages = {283 -- 305}, abstract = {In this paper we describe energy policy discourses and their story-lines in German parliamentary debates, and trace their evolution over the past decades. Through content analysis and coding with MAXQDA, changes in the discourses and in the use of story-lines by different political parties are analyzed. Our study shows that while the concept of a transition towards a nuclear-free, renewables-based energy system became hegemonic within three decades, the discourse itself underwent major changes. Energy Transition was de-radicalized and became part of a discourse of Ecological Modernization, thus aligning with mainstream economic logic. There are still considerable differences in the story-lines narrated by parliamentarians about pathways to Energy Transition and its effects. Discursive struggles into the meaning and the means of the transition project continue, suggesting that discourse structuration is far from complete.}, language = {en} } @article{DoebbelingHildebrandtMierschKhannaetal., author = {D{\"o}bbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas and Miersch, Klaas and Khanna, Tarun M. and Bachelet, Marion and Bruns, Stephan B. and Callaghan, Max and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Flachsland, Christian and Forster, Piers M. and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Koch, Nicolas and Lamb, William F. and Ohlendorf, Nils and Steckel, Jan Christoph and Minx, Jan C.}, title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {15}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-48512-w}, abstract = {Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances. Statistically significant emissions reductions range between -5\% to -21\% across the schemes (-4\% to -15\% after correcting for publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of "what works" and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy.}, language = {en} }