@article{FlachslandEdenhoferKnopf, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Knopf, Brigitte}, title = {Science and religion in dialogue over the global commons}, series = {Nature Climate Change}, volume = {5}, journal = {Nature Climate Change}, number = {10}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1038/nclimate2798}, pages = {907 -- 909}, abstract = {The Pope's encyclical makes unprecedented progress in developing scientific dialogue with religion by drawing on research, and encouraging further discussion about the ethical challenge of governing the global commons.}, language = {en} } @article{FlachslandKnopfEdenhoferetal., author = {Flachsland, Christian and Knopf, Brigitte and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Kok, Marcel and Lotze-Campen, Hermann and Luderer, Gunnar and Popp, Alexander and van Vuuren, Detlef P.}, title = {Managing the Low-Carbon Transition - From Model Results to Policies, Special Issue:'The Economics of Low Stabilization'}, series = {The Energy Journal}, volume = {31}, journal = {The Energy Journal}, number = {Special Issue 1}, publisher = {IAEE - International Association for Energy Economics}, address = {Cleveland}, issn = {0195-6574}, pages = {223 -- 245}, abstract = {Model analysis within the ADAM project has shown that achieving low greenhouse gas concentration levels, e.g. at 400ppm CO 2 -eq, is technologically feasible at costs of a few percent of GDP. However, models simplify the dynamics involved in implementing climate policy and the results depend on critical model assumptions such as global participation in climate policy and full availability of current and newly evolving technologies. The design of a low stabilization policy regime in the real world depends on factors that can only be partly covered by models. In this context, the paper reflects on limits of the integrated assessment models used to explore climate policy and addresses the issues of (i) how global participation might be achieved, (ii) which kind of options are available to induce deep GHG reductions inside and outside the energy sector, and (iii) which risks and which co-benefits of mitigation options are not assessed by the models.}, language = {en} } @article{EdenhoferHirthKnopfetal., author = {Edenhofer, Ottmar and Hirth, Lion and Knopf, Brigitte and Pahle, Michael and Schl{\"o}mer, Steffen and Schmid, Eva and Ueckerdt, Falko}, title = {On the Economics of Renewable Energy Sources}, series = {Energy Economics}, volume = {40}, journal = {Energy Economics}, number = {S1}, issn = {0140-9883}, doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22965}, pages = {S12 -- S23}, abstract = {With the global expansion of renewable energy (RE) technologies, the provision of optimal RE policy packages becomes an important task. We review pivotal aspects regarding the economics of renewables that are relevant to the design of an optimal RE policy, many of which are to date unresolved. We do so from three interrelated perspectives that a meaningful public policy framework for inquiry must take into account. First, we explore different social objectives justifying the deployment of RE technologies, including potential co-benefits of RE deployment, and review modelbased estimates of the economic potential of RE technologies, i.e. their socially optimal deployment level. Second, we address pivotal market failures that arise in the course of implementing the economic potential of RE sources in decentralized markets. Third, we discuss multiple policy instruments curing these market failures. Our framework reveals the requirements for an assessment of the relevant options for real-world decision makers in the field of RE policies. This review makes it clear that there are remaining white areas on the knowledge map concerning consistent and socially optimal RE policies.}, language = {en} } @techreport{FlachslandausdemMooreMuelleretal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Flachsland, Christian and aus dem Moore, Nils and M{\"u}ller, Thorsten and Kemmerzell, J{\"o}rg and Edmondson, Duncan and G{\"o}rlach, Benjamin and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Knodt, Mich{\`e}le and Knopf, Brigitte and Levi, Sebastian and Luderer, Gunnar and Pahle, Michael}, title = {Wie die Governance der deutschen Klimapolitik gest{\"a}rkt werden kann. Ariadne-Kurzdossier.}, pages = {1-26}, abstract = {Von der Sektorkopplung bis zum Wasserstoff, von der Umsetzung des Klimaschutzgesetzes bis hin zum europ{\"a}ischen Green Deal: Um Klimaneutralit{\"a}t zu erreichen, braucht es eine koordinierte und effektive Politiksteuerung {\"u}ber einzelne Ressorts hinweg. Klimapolitik ist Querschnittsaufgabe, denn von der Stromerzeugung {\"u}ber Industrie, Geb{\"a}ude und Verkehr bis hin zur Landwirtschaft m{\"u}ssen alle Sektoren mit hohem Tempo treibhausgasneutral werden. Fachleute des vom Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung BMBF gef{\"o}rderten Kopernikus-Projekts Ariadne haben zentrale Probleme der staatlichen Steuerung deutscher Klimapolitik untersucht und L{\"o}sungsoptionen vorgelegt.}, language = {de} } @techreport{PahleKoschKnopfetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Pahle, Michael and Kosch, Mirjam and Knopf, Brigitte and Flachsland, Christian and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Eckpunkte und no-regret Maßnahmen f{\"u}r die Weiterentwicklung der CO2-Bepreisung auf deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Ebene. Ariadne-Hintergrund.}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Dieses Papier beschreibt Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung des nationalen Brennstoff-Emissionshandelsgesetzes (BEHG) - und wie ein reibungsfreier {\"U}bergang zur europ{\"a}ischen Ebene gestaltet werden kann. Bei der Einf{\"u}hrung und Ausgestaltung eines EU-Emissionshandelssystem f{\"u}r Geb{\"a}ude und Straßenverkehr (EU ETS-II) bestehen derzeit noch diverse Unsicherheiten. Unabh{\"a}ngig von den Entscheidungen auf europ{\"a}ischer Ebene identifizieren wir jedoch vier No-Regret Maßnahmen zur Weiterentwicklung des BEHG, die in allen F{\"a}llen f{\"o}rderlich sind: 1. Zeitliches Vorziehen und Anhebung des Preiskorridors plus Versteigerung: Die Einf{\"u}hrung eines Preiskorridors und die Versteigerung von Zertifikaten sollte auf das Jahr 2023 vorgezogen werden. Zudem sollte der Preiskorridor angehoben und verbreitert werden, um den neuen nationalen Klimazielen Rechnung zu tragen. 2. BEHG Emissionsmengen analog zu Sektorzielen: Die EU-Kommission hat im Fit-for-55 Paket eine Erh{\"o}hung des deutschen ESR-Ziels auf 50\% vorgeschlagen, was auch ungef{\"a}hr den nationalen Zielen im Rahmen des Klimaschutzgesetzes (KSG) von 2021 entspricht. Um zu einem fr{\"u}heren Zeitpunkt Verbindlichkeit zu schaffen, sollten daher die BEHG-Emissionsmengen aus den KSG Sektorzielen abgeleitet werden. 3. Direkte Pro-Kopf-R{\"u}ckerstattung: F{\"u}r den zu erwartenden Fall deutlich steigender CO2-Preise sollte die Bundesregierung schon vor 2023 die institutionellen Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r die Umsetzung des Klimagelds wie im Koalitionsvertrag beschrieben schaffen. 4. Nationaler CO2-Mindestpreis: Bis sp{\"a}testens 2025 sollte ein Mindestpreis zur eventuellen Erg{\"a}nzung eines EU ETS-II vorbereitet und ggf. implementiert werden. Dadurch kann im Fall anf{\"a}nglich niedriger Preise im EU ETS-II garantiert werden, dass der CO2-Preis in Deutschland weiterhin kontinuierlich ansteigt. Neben diesen Maßnahmen auf nationaler Ebene, sollte sich die Bundesregierung in den Fit-for-55 Verhandlungen einsetzen (1) f{\"u}r die Flexibilit{\"a}t zwischen EU ETS und ESR sowie (2) f{\"u}r ein graduelles Linking zwischen ETS-I und ETS-II. Mit beiden Maßnahmen k{\"o}nnen die sehr hohen Preisunterscheide reduziert und die Effizienz der Klimapolitik erh{\"o}ht werden.}, language = {de} } @techreport{KalkuhlFlachslandKnopfetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kalkuhl, Matthias and Flachsland, Christian and Knopf, Brigitte and Amberg, Maximilian and Bergmann, Tobias and Kellner, Maximilian and St{\"u}ber, Sophia and Haywood, Luke and Roolfs, Christina and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Auswirkungen der Energiepreiskrise auf Haushalte in Deutschland: sozialpolitische Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen}, organization = {Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH}, pages = {1-37}, language = {de} } @article{PahleTietjenOsorioetal., author = {Pahle, Michael and Tietjen, Oliver and Osorio, Sebastian and Knopf, Brigitte and Flachsland, Christian and Korkmaz, Pinar and Fahl, Ulrich}, title = {Die Ansch{\"a}rfung der EU-2030-Klimaziele und Implikationen f{\"u}r Deutschland.}, series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen}, volume = {70}, journal = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen}, number = {7/8}, pages = {10 -- 13}, language = {de} } @article{NahmmacherSchmidHirthetal., author = {Nahmmacher, Paul and Schmid, Eva and Hirth, Lion and Knopf, Brigitte}, title = {Carpe diem: A novel approach to select representative days for long-term power system modeling}, series = {Energy}, volume = {112}, journal = {Energy}, issn = {0360-5442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.081}, pages = {430 -- 442}, abstract = {In order to explore scenarios on the future of power systems, a variety of numerical models have been developed. As the share of variable renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, is projected to significantly increase, accounting for their temporal and spatial variability becomes ever more important in developing sound long-term scenarios. Computational restrictions prevent many long-term power system models being developed with an hourly resolution; instead they use time slices that aggregate periods with similar load and renewable electricity generation levels. There is to date no reproducible and validated method to derive and select time slices for power system models with multiple fluctuating time series. In this paper, we present a novel and effective method that is easily applied to input data for all kinds of power system models. We utilize this procedure in the long-term power system model LIMES-EU and show that a small number of representative days developed in this way are sufficient to reflect the characteristic fluctuations of the input data. Alongside a validation of the method, we discuss the conditions under which seasonal differentiation, and the use of representative weeks instead of days, is necessary.}, language = {en} } @article{FussFlachslandKochetal., author = {Fuss, Sabine and Flachsland, Christian and Koch, Nicolas and Kornek, Ulrike and Knopf, Brigitte and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {A Framework for Assessing the Performance of Cap-and-Trade Systems: Insights from the European Union Emissions Trading System}, series = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, volume = {12}, journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, number = {2}, issn = {1750-6816}, doi = {10.1093/reep/rey010}, pages = {220 -- 241}, abstract = {The performance of the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) and other cap-and-trade schemes has been under scrutiny because of their inability to create a stable price for greenhouse gas emissions. This article seeks to inform the often confusing debate about the economic performance of cap-and-trade systems over time, with a focus on the EU ETS. Based on a simple intertemporal framework of emissions trading and a review of the literature, we show that different frameworks and notions of efficiency result in both different assessments of performance and different recommended strategies for improving performance. More specifically, we argue that if cap-and-trade systems have temporal flexibility (i.e., they include banking and borrowing of emissions allowances), it can be highly misleading to base the economic assessment on short-term efficiency. We seek to draw attention to the concept of long-term economic performance, which takes into account the intertemporal nature of emissions trading systems. In particular, we identify market and government distortions (e.g., myopia, lack of policy credibility, excessive discounting) that may depress allowance prices and hamper intertemporal efficiency. We then examine whether the recently adopted Market Stability Reserve and the alternative price collar are likely to address these distortions.}, language = {en} } @article{EdenhoferKnopfBurghausetal., author = {Edenhofer, Ottmar and Knopf, Brigitte and Burghaus, Kerstin and Flachsland, Christian and Jakob, Michael and Koch, Nicolas}, title = {Shifting Paradigms in Carbon Pricing}, series = {Intereconomics}, volume = {53}, journal = {Intereconomics}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1007/s10272-018-0735-6}, pages = {135 -- 140}, abstract = {Carbon pricing is essential to achieve a reduction in global CO2 emissions. A carbon price can either be set directly via a carbon tax (price control) or be achieved through a cap-and-trade system (quantity control). While there has been much debate about the relative merits of each approach, cap-and-trade systems have been favoured in the political arena. In principle, they offer the most straightforward way to achieve a country's emission reduction target by simply setting the cap at the remaining emission budget. Existing emissions trading schemes (ETSs) can be found in Europe, California and Qu{\´e}bec, for example.}, language = {en} }