@techreport{Ante2008, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Ante, Christine}, title = {Pension policy reforms in Germany}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-698}, year = {2008}, abstract = {This paper states that German pension policies have taken a new path. After describing the major characteristics of the German post-war pension system, the paper will analyse the major reforms since 1989 and the way they changed and challenged the main characteristics of the pension system. As a next step, the paper will revise the reforms in several different aspects. Firstly it will argue that the way of decision-making changed: the role of the social partners and of inter-party consensus-building diminished; the actors' constellation became more pluralistic. Secondly, policy change will be discussed in light of Peter Hall's concept, concluding that a policy paradigm change took place - incrementally. Thirdly, against the background of Esping- Andersen's welfare typologies, it will argue that there is an initial shift (especially in ideas) from a conservative pension model towards a liberal one.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ante, author = {Ante, Christine}, title = {The Europeanisation of Vocational Education and Training}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23398}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {VII, 322}, abstract = {In recent times, the "lost generation" is discussed widely in public debates. The "lost generation" is the young generation in Southern Europe: In Spain and in Greece, more than half of all young people are unemployed. In Croatia, Italy, Cyprus and Portugal, it is more than one third. With such difficulties in finding entry positions in the labour market, the young generation is faced with an insecure future. Without a job, it is difficult to be independent or to start a family: thus, both the personal and the economic independence suffer. Unemployment in the beginning of a career is likely to hamper career perspectives also in the middle and long run, and hereby leads to diffi-culties in saving for retirement. In this generation, unemployment hits everybody: university graduates who are perceived to be overqualified - or those who left school early in order to take a well-paid job in booming industries such as the construction sector in Spain. No matter the indi-vidual reason: a generation is deprived of their hopes. [...]}, language = {en} }