@misc{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {International encyclopedia of civil society}, volume = {1-3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9780387939940}, pages = {1686}, abstract = {Recently the topic of civil society has generated a wave of interest, and a wealth of new information. Until now no publication has attempted to organize and consolidate this knowledge. "The International Encyclopedia of Civil Society" fills this gap, establishing a common set of understandings and terminology, and an analytical starting point for future research. Global in scope and authoritative in content, the encyclopedia offers succinct summaries of core concepts and theories; definitions of terms; and, biographical entries on important figures and organizational profiles.In addition, it serves as a reliable and up-to-date guide to additional sources of information. In sum, the encyclopedia provides an overview of the contours of civil society, social capital, philanthropy and nonprofits across cultures and historical periods. For researchers in nonprofit and civil society studies, political science, economics, management and social enterprise, this is the most systematic appraisal of a rapidly growing field.}, language = {en} } @misc{AnheierHammack, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Hammack, David}, title = {American foundations : roles and contributions}, publisher = {Brookings Inst. Press}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, isbn = {9780815703396}, pages = {457}, abstract = {Foundations play an essential part in the philanthropic activity that defines so much of American life. No other nation provides its foundations with so much autonomy and freedom of action as does the United States. Liberated both from the daily discipline of the market and from direct control by government, American foundations understandably attract great attention. As David Hammack and Helmut Anheier note in this volume, "Americans have criticized foundations for... their alleged conservatism, liberalism, elitism, radicalism, devotion to religious tradition, hostility to religion —in short, for commitments to causes whose significance can be measured, in part, by the controversies they provoke. Americans have also criticized foundations for ineffectiveness and even foolishness." Their size alone conveys some sense of the significance of American foundations, whose assets amounted to over \$530 billion in 2008 despite a dramatic decline of almost 22 percent in the previous year. And in 2008 foundation grants totaled over \$45 billion. But what roles have foundations actually played over time, and what distinctive roles do they fill today? How have they shaped American society, how much difference do they make? What roles are foundations likely to play in the future? This comprehensive volume, the product of a three-year project supported by the Aspen Institute's program on the Nonprofit Sector and Philanthropy, provides the most thorough effort ever to assess the impact and significance of the nation's large foundations. In it, leading researchers explore how foundations have shaped —or failed to shape —each of the key fields of foundation work. American Foundations takes the reader on a wide-ranging tour, evaluating foundation efforts in education, scientific and medical research, health care, social welfare, international relations, arts and culture, religion, and social change.}, language = {en} } @misc{Anheier2009, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Poverty and Activism}, series = {Global civil society}, journal = {Global civil society}, publisher = {SAGE}, address = {Los Angeles [u.a.]}, isbn = {9781848600157}, pages = {376}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The annual Global Civil Society Yearbooks provide an indispensable guide to global civil society or civic participation and action around the world. The 2009 Yearbook explores the framings, strategies and impacts of a range of actors on poverty and its alleviation. The overarching question is to whether such actors, in pressing for poverty alleviation actually achieve anything/empower the poor, or simply aid wealthy states in maintaining the status quo. The contributors are diverse, including scholars and practitioners from India, America, the UK, Australia, Thailand, and Mali. The Global Civil Society Yearbook remains the standard work on all aspects of contemporary global civil society for activists, practitioners, students and academics alike. It is essential reading for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the key actors, forms and manifestations of global civil society around the world today.}, language = {en} } @misc{AnheierSpengler2009, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Spengler, Norman}, title = {Auf dem Weg zu einem Informationssystem Zivilgesellschaft : Anspruch, Potentiale, Verkn{\"u}pfungen}, publisher = {Ed. Stifterverb.}, address = {Heidelberg; Essen}, isbn = {9783000295805}, pages = {86}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Ver{\"o}ffentlichung ist der erste Band aus der Reihe »Zivilgesellschaft in Zahlen«, in welcher Fortschritte und Ergebnisse des gleichnamigen Projekts ver{\"o}ffentlicht werden. »Zivilgesellschaft in Zahlen« ist ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Stifterverbandes f{\"u}r die Deutsche Wissenschaft, der Bertelsmann Stiftung und der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung. Ziel ist es, in Kooperation mit dem Statistischen Bundesamt und dem Centrum f{\"u}r soziale Investitionen und Innovationen, die Grundlagen f{\"u}r eine Berichterstattung zu schaffen, die regelm{\"a}ßig aktuelle Zahlen zu Entwicklungen und Trends in der Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland liefert. Im Rahmen des Workshops »Informationssystem Zivilgesellschaft« wurden Anforderungen und Potentiale f{\"u}r eine praxis- und politikrelevante Berichterstattung zur Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland systematisch beleuchtet. Die Inhalte und Ergebnisse werden mit diesem Band dokumentiert. An Beispielen wird gezeigt, welche Beitr{\"a}ge thematisch relevante und angrenzende Daten- und Informationssysteme f{\"u}r ein umfassendes »Informationssystem Zivilgesellschaft« leisten k{\"o}nnen und welche Anspr{\"u}che aus Sicht der Politik, der Wissenschaft und der Zivilgesellschaft an ein solches Informationssystem gerichtet werden.}, language = {de} } @article{Anheier2014, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Institutional Voids and the Role of Civil Society : the Case of Global Finance}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {5}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {1}, issn = {1758-5899}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.12061}, pages = {23 -- 35}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Globalizing policy fields can contain institutional voids in which effective regulatory frameworks and the corrective counterbalance of civil society are equally absent. With the inherently incomplete regulation of global finance on the one hand and the evident dearth of civil society institutions on the other, a central governance question emerges: under what conditions could civil society help to recapture the financial system by embedding it in a wider social and economic policy, and thereby reversing the erosion of confidence in market capitalism and liberal democracy? For this purpose, this article proposes the systematic development of a transnational civil society infrastructure in terms of organizational capacity and expertise for accountability enforcement, policy review, performance oversight and advocacy. The goal of this infrastructure is to fill the institutional void and form a counterveiling force against the unchecked might of global finance.}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier2012, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Zivilgesellschaft und Krisen: Dahrendorf'sche Reflektionen}, series = {Leviathan. Berliner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaft}, volume = {40}, journal = {Leviathan. Berliner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaft}, number = {3}, publisher = {Nomos Verl.-Ges.}, address = {Baden-Baden}, issn = {0340-0425}, doi = {10.5771/0340-0425-2012-3-421}, pages = {421 -- 440}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Aus dem Werk Dahrendorfs und der neueren Institutionentheorie sch{\"o}pfend, soll hier am Beispiel der gegenw{\"a}rtigen Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise eine These verfolgt werden, die in ihrer Gesamtheit eine recht kritische Diagnose impliziert, aber dennoch auf Optionen im Sinne kreativer Politikgestaltung hinweist: »Die organisierte Zivilgesellschaft wird die transnationalen Konflikte des beginnenden 21. Jahrhunderts moderieren m{\"u}ssen, um der {\"U}berforderung von Staat und Markt in einer globalisierten Welt entgegenzuwirken«. Hierbei wird das globale Governance-Problem zentral angesprochen und die entscheidende Frage gestellt: Unter welchen Bedingungen k{\"o}nnte die Zivilgesellschaft ein ordnungspolitisches Korrigendum »von unten« werden, um die bruchst{\"u}ckhafte Struktur uniformer und universaler Regeln sinnhafter, tragf{\"a}higer und handlungswirksamer zu machen?}, language = {de} } @article{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {Zivilgesellschaft zwischen Repression und Vernachl{\"a}ssigung}, series = {Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen}, volume = {33}, journal = {Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen}, number = {3}, issn = {2192-4848}, doi = {10.1515/fjsb-2020-0052}, pages = {587 -- 600}, abstract = {Das Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft ist in letzter Zeit komplexer geworden. In einigen L{\"a}ndern hat sich das Verh{\"a}ltnis derart verschlechtert, dass von einem shrinking space f{\"u}r die Zivilgesellschaft gesprochen wird. Diese Diagnose gilt jedoch haupts{\"a}chlich f{\"u}r autorit{\"a}re und illiberale politische Systeme, die der Zivilgesellschaft mit Repression begegnen. Zivilgesellschaftliche R{\"a}ume schrumpfen jedoch auch in Demokratien: weniger durch direkte Unterdr{\"u}ckung, sondern durch eine politische Stagnation, die durch eine politische Vernachl{\"a}ssigung der Zivilgesellschaft verursacht wird. Diese f{\"u}hrt zu einer schleichenden Erosion zivilgesellschaftlicher Kapazit{\"a}ten und stellt eine zunehmende gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung dar. Als Gegenmaßnahme pl{\"a}dieren wir f{\"u}r eine aktive Reformpolitik, wobei neuere Modelle der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Regulierungen im Mittelpunkt stehen sollten, die auf eine bessere Fassung der funktionalen Differenzierung zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen zielen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{AnheierMerkelWinkler, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Merkel, Janet and Winkler, Katrin}, title = {Culture, the Arts and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Five Cultural Capitals in Search of Solutions}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-3722}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-37225}, pages = {154}, abstract = {Prolonged restrictions on public life and the closure of many cultural activities during the COVID-19 pandemic affected urban cultural ecosystems profoundly. Cities worldwide responded to this challenge with a variety of policy measures. Yet how do the cultural policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic compare across major cultural capitals, and what have been the experiences so far? Which cultural policy developments and frameworks helped or hindered their responses? How did the various governance arrangements affect cultural policy agendas and strategies during the crisis? In this study, we review the cultural policy responses of Berlin, London, New York, Paris and Toronto during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of their respective governance capacities. Specifically, we seek to identify initial insights and lessons learned for more effective and resilient urban cultural policies in future.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Anheier, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Encyclopedia of Global Studies Revisited}, series = {Religion, Conflict, and Global Society: A Festschrift Celebrating Mark Juergensmeyer}, journal = {Religion, Conflict, and Global Society: A Festschrift Celebrating Mark Juergensmeyer}, editor = {Sheikh, Mona Kanwal and Svensson, Isak}, publisher = {Danish Institute for International Studies}, address = {Copenhagen}, doi = {-}, pages = {223 -- 231}, abstract = {In 2006 Mark Juergensmeyer, Victor Faessel and I discussed the possibility of a future encyclopedia of global studies as a central reference for this emerging yet ill-defined field. Some five years later, after many discussions about its structure and content and countless hours spent researching, writing, editing and revising, the Encyclopedia of Global Studies was published in 2012 as a four-volume set running to nearly 2,000 pages. With nearly 700 signed entries penned by hundreds of authors from across the social sciences and humanities, it was the first of its kind to take stock of knowledge in the field.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Zur Zukunft der Public Policy School: Ein Essay}, series = {Theorie als Beruf}, booktitle = {Theorie als Beruf}, editor = {Bachmann, Ulrich and Schwinn, Thomas}, publisher = {Springer - VS Verlag f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften}, isbn = {9783658319991}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-32000-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {87 -- 106}, abstract = {In starkem Kontrast zu anderen Wissenschaftsnationen hat Deutschland bis vor kurzem kaum Public Policy Schools hervorgebracht. Damit gemeint sind universit{\"a}re Einrichtungen, die in der Forschung interdisziplin{\"a}r und anwendungsorientiert ausgerichtet sind und in der Lehre vornehmlich postgraduelle Abschl{\"u}sse anbieten. Zwar gibt es seit der Jahrtausendwende Neugr{\"u}ndungen - denken wir an die Hertie School of Governance, die NRW School of Governance oder die Willy-Brand-School of Governance an der Universit{\"a}t Erfurt, die Hochschule f{\"u}r Politik an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen und in gewisser Hinsicht auch seit l{\"a}ngerem die Universit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer - aber es sind letztlich doch wenige im Vergleich zu den zahlreichen Einrichtungen in den USA, Kanada und Großbritannien.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Nongovernmental Organizations}, series = {The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, booktitle = {The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, editor = {Ritzer, George}, publisher = {JohnWiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, address = {New Jersey}, isbn = {9781405124331}, doi = {10.1002/9781405165518}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Nongovernmental organizations or NGOs are part of a larger set of organizations that are self-governing, not-for-profit, noncompulsory, and institutionally separate from government. They emerged mostly during the process of mid-twentieth-century modernization and globalization, grew in scale and scope in subsequent decades, and assumed greater importance following the end of the Cold War. This was largely due to favorable economic, political, and social conditions after 1989. They fulfill four major roles: as service providers, innovators, value-guardians, and advocates. NGOs are trying to adjust to less favorable conditions in the early twenty-first century while many innovations are taking place.}, language = {en} } @misc{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Managament}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781138744462}, doi = {10.4324/9781315181011}, pages = {560}, abstract = {Over the past three decades or so, the nonprofit, voluntary, or third sector has undergone a major transformation from a small cottage industry to a major economic force in virtually every part of the developed world as well as elsewhere around the globe. Nonprofit organizations are now major providers of public services working in close cooperation with governments at all levels and increasingly find themselves in competition with commercial firms across various social marketplaces. This transformation has come with ever-increasing demands for enhancing the organizational capacities and professionalizing the management of nonprofit institutions. The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management is the first internationally focused effort to capture the full breadth of current nonprofit management research and knowledge that has arisen in response to these developments. With newly commissioned contributions from an international set of scholars at the forefront of nonprofit management research, this volume provides a thorough overview of the most current management thinking in this field. It contextualizes nonprofit management globally, provides an extensive introduction to key management functions, core revenue sources and the emerging social enterprise space, and raises a number of emerging topics and issues that will shape nonprofit management in future decades. As graduate programs continue to evolve to serve the training needs in the field, The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management is an essential reference and resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in a deeper understanding of the operation of the nonprofit sector.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Wer organisiert die Zivilgesellschaft?}, series = {Community Organizing}, booktitle = {Community Organizing}, editor = {Meier, Tobias and Penta, Leo and Richter, Andreas}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6804-7}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {104 -- 111}, language = {de} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {A Swing to the Right? Socio-political Changes in the Western World (1981), Ral Dahrendorf. Introduction}, series = {With the world to choose from}, booktitle = {With the world to choose from}, editor = {Hooton, Brett and Koning, Robin and Thurston, Meaghan}, publisher = {McGill-Queen's University Press}, address = {Montreal \& Kingston, London, Chicago}, isbn = {9780228008002}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {125 -- 140}, abstract = {The Beatty Lecture, established in 1952 in honour of former Canadian Pacific Railway president and McGill chancellor Sir Edward Beatty, is McGill University's most anticipated annual event. Some of the series'greatest lectures, delivered by Nobel Prize laureates, world leaders, and cultural icons, have been forgotten, carefully stowed away in the McGill Archives.To help us understand some of the most significant moments and discoveries of our time, With the World to Choose From spotlights fifteen outstanding Beatty Lectures, spanning seven decades. Readers can discover - or rediscover - these important and inspiring lectures, all in print for the first time. One of the twentieth century's most influential visionaries, the economist Barbara Ward, opens this anthology with her future-looking 1955 lecture. Lectures from acclaimed biologist Robert Sinsheimer, former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Nobel Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus, philosopher Charles Taylor, and author and social commentator Roxane Gay carry readers through the decades that followed and up to the present, treating subjects from the tensions of Cold War politics and the implications of genetic engineering to the origins of life in the universe and the watershed \#MeToo movement. Some of today's leading academics add contextual and biographical information to each chapter, and an introduction sheds light on the history of the Beatty Lecture and the life of its notable namesake.Illustrated with a selection of photographs and ephemera, With the World to Choose From provides a historical and behind-the-scenes look at one of Canada's longest-running lecture series.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ToeplerAnheier, author = {Toepler, Stefan and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Regulatory governance of nonprofit organizations: legal frameworks and voluntary self-regulation}, series = {Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance}, editor = {Donnelly-Cox, Gemma and Meyer, Michael and Wijkstr{\"o}m, Filip}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, isbn = {9781788114905}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {116 -- 139}, abstract = {This multi-perspective Research Handbook provides a clear pathway through the nonprofit governance research field, pushing beyond the borders of current theory to expand and deepen the analytical framework for nonprofit governance. It offers an analysis of the basics including definitions, organizational forms and levels of governance, and takes a critical approach towards the normative and prescriptive tendencies in much of contemporary governance scholarship. Divided into four distinctly thematic parts, contributors provide an in-depth review of the last 20 years, building on the foundations of classical contributions and further exploring new theoretical approaches, while examining the governance challenges of diverse types of organizations, including those from both developed and developing countries. Future challenges including multilevel governance are expertly addressed, and insights leading towards a unified theory are proposed. This thoroughly engaging Research Handbook will be an excellent resource for scholars in business and strategic management, nonprofit management and civil society, interested in topics such as nonprofit governance practice and boards of directors, governance theory, stakeholder management, membership organizations, foundations and hybrid organizations. Teachers of nonprofit management will also find this invaluable as it addresses both the core concepts and the most recent developments.}, language = {en} } @book{AnheierMarkovic, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Markovic, Darinka}, title = {Gender Equality and the Cultural Economy: Comparative Perspectives}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781032848112}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {The status of women in the creative and cultural industries remains precarious. This comparative analysis provides insights from seven key economies to help understand progress towards gender equality in culture and the arts and the broader cultural economy. With empirical and policy analysis spanning Europe and the US, the authors investigate the extent to which gender equality has entered the mainstream along dimensions of leadership, access and awards, pay and pension gaps, work-life balance, and the monitoring of gender equality. While many of the structural barriers have been erased, countries differ significantly in how much gender equality has been achieved in the creative economy and how much female talent is lost and unrecognized. This book is essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners across the human and social sciences, especially those involved with arts management and the creative or cultural economy more broadly.}, language = {en} } @book{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management and Policy}, edition = {3}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9780429299681}, doi = {10.4324/9780429299681}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {622}, abstract = {The Nonprofit sector is a major aspect of the US economy, encompassing over ten percent of private employment and accounting for around six percent of GDP. This book provides a comprehensive, authoritative overview of the US non-profit sector, as well as global comparative perspectives provided by authors with international expertise and recognition. Pedagogical features to support students include learning objectives, key concepts, review questions, and recommendations for further reading in every chapter. The over-arching introduction provided by this book is unique, with other textbooks focusing on specific areas such as the voluntary sector, or social enterprise.}, language = {en} } @misc{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Future of the Liberal Democratic Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London and New York}, isbn = {9780367772307}, pages = {304}, abstract = {This book brings together some of the finest minds of social science to answer the great questions about the future of the liberal order. With contributions from the world of economics, sociology, political science, management, international relations and the humanities, this book provides a unique series of insights. Chapters explore the great questions of our time as they relate to the future of the liberal international and domestic order. Contemporary issues such as populisms, authoritarianism, trust and social cohesion, the future of global governance, finance, religion, and citizenship are addressed along with geopolitical implications and with a balance between expert authority and open-minded critique. It will be essential reading for students, scholars, and reflective practitioners across the human and social sciences.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierAbelsYangetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M. and Yang, Yuqing and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World}, doi = {10.17901/ecp.2022.076}, pages = {74}, abstract = {This foresight project focuses on a key question for the future of Germany's foreign policy: Given changing geopolitical and economic relationships among major powers, what possible futures can be foreseen soft power approaches or external cultural policy (ECP) in terms of narratives, strategies, goals, policies, and programmatic activities? To address this question, we place Germany in a comparative framework of international relations that considers soft power approaches in the context of prevailing geopolitical and economic relations between the European Union, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China as well as other global players. In each case, we consider soft power approaches relative to hard and sharp power options. The time frame for the future scenarios is the year 2030, anticipating likely and potential developments and events from 2022 onward. The scenarios are based on a series of brainstorming and validation sessions, literature reviews, personal interviews, and an online survey fielded among experts and representatives of leading institutions. We identified two major drivers of future developments: the state of the world economy and the state of the world's security situation. Exploring the interaction between these two drivers yielded four distinct scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierAbelsYangetal., author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M. and Yang, Yuqing and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World - Executive Summary}, series = {"Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World - Executive Summary," in: Helmut K. Anheier and ifa (eds.)}, journal = {"Germany's Soft Power 2030: Scenarios for an Unsettled World - Executive Summary," in: Helmut K. Anheier and ifa (eds.)}, doi = {10.17901/ecp.2022.077}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {This foresight project focuses on a key question for the future of Germany's foreign policy: Given changing geopolitical and economic relationships among major powers, what possible futures can be foreseen soft power approaches or external cultural policy (ECP) in terms of narratives, strategies, goals, policies, and programmatic activities? To address this question, we place Germany in a comparative framework of international relations that considers soft power approaches in the context of prevailing geopolitical and economic relations between the European Union, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China as well as other global players. In each case, we consider soft power approaches relative to hard and sharp power options. The time frame for the future scenarios is the year 2030, anticipating likely and potential developments and events from 2022 onward. The scenarios are based on a series of brainstorming and validation sessions, literature reviews, personal interviews, and an online survey fielded among experts and representatives of leading institutions. We identified two major drivers of future developments: the state of the world economy and the state of the world's security situation. Exploring the interaction between these two drivers yielded four distinct scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierKnudsen, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {The 21st century trust and leadership problem: Quoi faire?}, series = {Global Policy}, journal = {Global Policy}, issn = {1758-5880}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13162}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Much of the democratic world faces a form of socio-political crisis. To varying degrees, four trends seem to be present in almost every case: declining institutional trust, failing leadership, increasing political polarisation, and weakened accountability. Although each trend has its own dynamic and causes, they jointly create complex challenges and governance problems for democratic societies. Furthermore, underlying them all is the persistent problem of inequality, which erodes trust, prevents the best leaders from rising to the top, polarises society, and shields elites from accountability. We propose a wide range of potential solutions to this crisis. Of the four, we propose that countries focus primarily on increasing institutional trust and improving leadership potential. Both aspects are particularly impactful and malleable, could influence the other two components and, over time, create a virtuous cycle pulling countries out of crisis. Proposed measures for institutional trust include expanded civic literacy, more expansive regulation of tech platforms, stricter media laws to foster better public discourse and a wider use of codes of conduct. For leadership, we propose more diverse channels and expanded selection pools for leadership recruitment, emphasising ethical conviction and targeted incentives for leadership roles. Essential to all of them, however, is tackling inequality.}, language = {en} } @article{AbelsAnheierBeggetal., author = {Abels, Christoph M. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Begg, Iain and Featherstone, Kevin}, title = {Enhancing Europe's Power: A Rejoinder}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {11}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {3}, issn = {3-1758-5880}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.12812}, pages = {395 -- 399}, abstract = {This rejoinder responds to the eight comments to our report on 'Enhancing Europe's Global Power: A Scenario Exercise with Eight Proposals'. We address questions related to our definition of Europe, the notion of power, context and appropriateness of the scenario approach, the feasibility of enhancing European power, the rationale behind the proposed eight measures as well as the way ahead. Finally, we highlight green policies together with media and communication as promising candidates to increase European power.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {Nonprofit management: Introduction and overview}, series = {The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management}, booktitle = {The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781138744462}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {Over the past three decades or so, the nonprofit, voluntary, or third sector has undergone a major transformation from a small cottage industry to a major economic force in virtually every part of the developed world as well as elsewhere around the globe. Nonprofit organizations are now major providers of public services working in close cooperation with governments at all levels and increasingly find themselves in competition with commercial firms across various social marketplaces. This transformation has come with ever-increasing demands for enhancing the organizational capacities and professionalizing the management of nonprofit institutions. The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management is the first internationally focused effort to capture the full breadth of current nonprofit management research and knowledge that has arisen in response to these developments. With newly commissioned contributions from an international set of scholars at the forefront of nonprofit management research, this volume provides a thorough overview of the most current management thinking in this field. It contextualizes nonprofit management globally, provides an extensive introduction to key management functions, core revenue sources and the emerging social enterprise space, and raises a number of emerging topics and issues that will shape nonprofit management in future decades. As graduate programs continue to evolve to serve the training needs in the field, The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management is an essential reference and resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in a deeper understanding of the operation of the nonprofit sector.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KrlevAnheier, author = {Krlev, Gorgi and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Hybridity: Origins and Effects}, series = {The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management}, booktitle = {The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {9781138744462}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {494 -- 512}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierFilip, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {The Rodrik Trilemma and the Dahrendorf Quandary: An Empirical Assessment}, series = {Dahrendorf Forum IV Working Paper No. 15}, journal = {Dahrendorf Forum IV Working Paper No. 15}, pages = {32}, abstract = {Rodrik's Trilemma rests on the incompatibility of democracy, national sovereignty and global economic integration: any two can be combined, but never all three simultaneously and in full. Addressing the same probl{\´e}matique, Dahrendorf´s Quandary posits that, over time, maintaining global economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society, or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the empirical foundations of Rodrik's and Dahrendorf's propositions. Assessing developed market economies from 1991 to 2014, evidence suggests that in only rare cases the Trilemma can be overcome, and the tensions the Quandary hypothesises build up to a significant extent. In most cases examined, however, the performance of the countries is too varied to support the broad claims Rodrik and Dahrendorf put forth in their respective writings. Specifically, next to the small group of five cases where either the Trilemma or the Quandary apply, there are twice as many countries that generally managed to grow moderately in terms of economic globalisation, liberal democracy, and social cohesion, while avoiding some of the tensions implied in the Quandary or reaching Trilemma conditions. For an even larger group of countries the evidence suggests that growing economic globalisation can co-exist with lower societal stressor levels.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierFilip2021, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {The Dahrendorf Quandary, Crisis Severity, and Country Performance}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {3}, journal = {Global Policy}, edition = {12}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.}, address = {New Jersey}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.12901}, pages = {298 -- 312}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Abstract Dahrendorf´s Quandary, an early formulation of the Rodrik Trilemma, stipulates that maintaining economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society, or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The global financial and economic crisis of 2008-09 offers a test case for the applicability of the Quandary. We do so by examining economic, political and social stressors afflicting countries during the period of 2009-2014 relative to the severity and type of crises they experienced, and the ensuing political consequences for economy policy, democracy and society prevalent in 2019. We find that the Quandary does not apply uniformly across advanced market economies. Instead we detect distinct clusters that vary in their intensity of the tension the Quandary stipulates. We also find a consistent and positive relationship between Quandary intensity and crisis severity, yet obtain inconclusive results when looking at the relationship with current trends. The findings suggest that the crisis preparedness and the actual governance capability of countries to address the negative effects of economic globalization are key to managing the tensions inherent in the Dahrendorf Quandary and the Rodrik Trilemma.}, subject = {-}, language = {en} } @misc{AnheierTheodor, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Theodor, Baums}, title = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780198866367}, pages = {336}, abstract = {The governance of the modern corporation is broadly understood as the mechanisms, relations, and processes for balancing the interests of stakeholders. It spells out the rules and procedures for decision-making, accountability and transparency, and distributional rights. Corporate governance thus provides the framework in which corporate objectives are set, the means of attaining them, the kind of performance monitoring required, and by whom. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis and large-scale corporate failures, the issue of corporate governance has repeatedly received the attention of policy-makers and the wider public. Extending the study of corporate governance beyond that of listed corporations sheds new light on the overall performance of corporations in market economies. These include small to medium-sized corporations, nonprofit organisations and philanthropic foundations, public corporations and public-private partnerships, social enterprises and cooperatives, international organisations, and corporations in cyberspace. A decade after the massive failures in the governance of financial corporations, and with continued governance failures in other parts of the economy since then, this volume takes stock and asks: what has been the performance of corporate governance regimes, and have regulatory changes and corporate governance codes made a difference? What are the strengths and weaknesses of current corporate governance systems and codes? How do corporate forms differ in their governance performance, and what have been the experiences across countries? And, finally, what implications for understanding governance behaviour and for policy-makers and regulators come to mind?}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierAbels, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M.}, title = {Corporate Governance in Comparative Perspective}, series = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, booktitle = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Baums, Theodor}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780198866367}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 9}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierAbels, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M.}, title = {Corporate Governance: What Are the Issues?}, series = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, booktitle = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Baums, Theodor}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780198866367}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {10 -- 42}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierAbels, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Abels, Christoph M.}, title = {Advances in Corporate Governance: Conclusion and Implications}, series = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, booktitle = {Advances in Corporate Governance}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Baums, Theodor}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9780198866367}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {292 -- 300}, language = {en} } @misc{AnheierBegg, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Begg, Iain}, title = {Ralf Dahrendorf and the European Union 2030: Looking Back, Looking Forward}, publisher = {LSE IDEAS}, pages = {114}, abstract = {The Dahrendorf Forum has published a concluding Compendium on "Ralf Dahrendorf and the European Union 2030: Looking Back, Looking Forward," edited by Academic co-Directors Helmut K. Anheier and Iain Begg. The Compendium features contributions from top scholars from across Europe, including a foreword by former UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown. The essays explore the future of European security, democracy, and economics with an eye to the state of the EU in 2030. They discuss Ralf Dahrendorf's legacy, how he would view the modern European Union, and what advice he might offer policymakers today.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierBeggKnudsen, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Begg, Iain and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Can Circles be Squared? Quandaries and Contestation Shaping the Future of Europe}, series = {Ralf Dahrendorf and the European Union 2030: Looking Back, Looking Forward}, journal = {Ralf Dahrendorf and the European Union 2030: Looking Back, Looking Forward}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Begg, Iain}, pages = {105 -- 114}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierBegg, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Begg, Iain}, title = {Introduction}, series = {Ralf Dahrendorf and the European Union 2030: Looking Back, Looking Forward}, journal = {Ralf Dahrendorf and the European Union 2030: Looking Back, Looking Forward}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Begg, Iain}, pages = {12 -- 17}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierFilip, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {The Rodrik Trilemma and the Dahrendorf Quandary: An Empirical Assessment}, series = {Global Perspectives}, volume = {2}, journal = {Global Perspectives}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1525/gp.2021.21245}, abstract = {Rodrik's Trilemma rests on the incompatibility of democracy, national sovereignty, and global economic integration: any two can be combined, but never all three simultaneously and in full. Addressing the same probl{\`e}matique but from a different perspective, Dahrendorf's Quandary posits that, over time, maintaining global economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The purpose of this article is to examine the empirical foundations of Rodrik's and Dahrendorf's propositions. When one assesses developed market economies from 1991 to 2014, evidence suggests that only in rare cases can the Trilemma be overcome, and the tensions the Quandary hypothesizes build up to a significant extent. In most cases examined, however, the performance of the countries is too varied to support the broad claims Rodrik and Dahrendorf put forth in their respective writings. Specifically, next to the small group of five cases where either the Trilemma or the Quandary apply, there are twice as many countries that generally managed to grow moderately in terms of economic globalization, liberal democracy, and social cohesion while avoiding some of the tensions implied in the Quandary or reaching Trilemma conditions. For an even larger group of countries, the evidence suggests that growing economic globalization can coexist with lower societal stressor levels.}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Philanthropy Must Go Beyond Traditional Grantmaking}, series = {Stanford Social Innovation Review (SSIR)}, journal = {Stanford Social Innovation Review (SSIR)}, language = {en} } @incollection{LamAnheier, author = {Lam, Marcus and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Charitable Foundations}, series = {Encyclopedia of Social Work}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Work}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780199975839}, doi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.46}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {Foundations are private institutions for public benefit. With a long history that reaches back to antiquity, inside the United States and globally, foundations are a growing organizational form that policy makers increasingly view with both potential (as a source of private funds to complement government services) and caution (given their autonomy and low level of accountability). Alongside the rise in commerce and finance, foundations experienced an initial growth period in the late Middle Ages and a second in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, following the Industrial Revolution. Political stability, an increase in demand for social, educational, and cultural services of all kinds, and economic prosperity are certainly significant factors behind this growth. Since the dawn of the 21st century, foundations have remained the primary legal structure through which newly minted and emerging wealthy individuals practice their philanthropy. The foundation form, or some similar iteration, is growing not just in many Western democratic countries but even in communist and other political regimes such as China and Russia. The reason for this growth is the way in which foundations have been envisioned as instruments of welfare state reform in the broadest sense. This growth implies a more important role for foundations as providers of relief to those most in need, protectors of traditional institutions and the status quo, and, to a lesser extent, as change agents. In particular, this is apparent among the "new philanthropists" of the 21st century, drawn from technology entrepreneurs, who are more actively engaged in public policy.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierFilip, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {"Managing the Impossible?" Comparing How Countries Address the Dahrendorf Quandary}, series = {Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice}, issn = {1387-6988}, doi = {10.1080/13876988.2021.1945418}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {This paper examines the policy approaches and measures that developed market economies countries have adopted to "manage" what has become known as the Dahrendorf Quandary, a profound challenge facing globalizing economies: over time, staying economically competitive requires either adopting measures detrimental to the cohesion of society or restricting civil liberties and political participation. Examining a range of countries over time, it is found that their policy choices and subsequent performance are too varied to support the inevitable, almost mechanical, incompatibility the Quandary implies. While balancing the relationship between economic globalization, social cohesion, and democracy continues to be a major challenge for developed market economies, results show they are not helpless in what Dahrendorf feared to be a Herculean task of "squaring the circle" among incompatible trends. In other words, while the tensions the Quandary posits apply, they nonetheless need not lead to similar or negative outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{KrlevMildenbergerAnheier, author = {Krlev, Gorgi and Mildenberger, Georg and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Innovation and societal transformation - what changes when the 'social' comes in?}, series = {International Review of Applied Economics}, volume = {34}, journal = {International Review of Applied Economics}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1080/02692171.2020.1820247}, pages = {529 -- 540}, abstract = {Climate emergency, social inequalities, poverty, or racism represent only some entries on a growing list of pressing issues that concern society. Scholars are trying to play their part in investigating and informing effective action on these grand challenges of our times (Howard-Grenville et al. 2019). Across geographic contexts and fields of activity, social innovation moves into the centre of attention across the social sciences as an effective response to these challenges (Anheier, Krlev, \& Mildenberger, 2019; George et al. 2019; Howaldt et al. 2019; Jacobi, Edmiston, and Ziegler 2017; Rao-Nicholson, Vorley, and Khan 2017). Current examples of social innovation range from new employment models built on a special ability image of disability (Hockerts 2015), to decentralised renewable energy production (Huybrechts and Haugh 2017), to new forms of contracting social service provision, such as social impact bonds (Edmiston and Nicholls 2017). However, social innovation is not a new phenomenon. Historical examples comprise social housing (Schimpf et al. 2020) and public freshwater supply (Schimpf and Ziegler 2020), or mutual and co-operative movements (Tischer et al. 2016). Also, explicit references to social innovation in the social sciences date at least back to the late 1980s (Zapf 1989). And yet we are still in search for a systematic overview of the complications of understanding innovation and societal transformation when the 'social' comes in - while most agree social innovation is somehow different from 'innovation as we know it' (Dawson and Daniel 2010; Nicholls and Murdock 2012; Oosterlynck 2013; Van Wijk et al. 2018 to name but a few). The diversity of engaged actors and proponents of social innovation is one component in making its investigation challenging. Social innovation is promoted by civil society organizations such as social enterprises (Ramus et al. 2018; Seelos and Mair 2017), firms (Phillips et al. 2015), or public administration (Moulaert et al. 2007). A second component is represented by the circumstance that social innovation is often not a single service or product (Krlev, Anheier, and Mildenberger 2019a), but may comprise complex social processes such as shifts in public discourse as currently witnessed in the Black Lives Matter movement, for example. Scholars have recently drawn on both of these components and as a way to deal with the resulting specificities suggested a multi-level perspective analysis (Pel et al. 2020), which has a tradition in the literature on socio-technological transitions that may span decades of analysis (Geels 2002). In addition to approaches that provide us with the bigger picture of the social innovation process, we need to advance knowledge about how organizational conditions may affect social innovation performance (Shier, Handy, and Jennings 2019; Tortia, Degavre, and Poledrini 2020) as well as the (potential) impacts and outcomes social innovators may create (Berzin, Pitt-Catsouphes, and Gaitan-Rossi 2015; Taylor, Torugsa, and Arundel 2019) - as a goal and as a by-product in the process of innovating socially. The articles in our special issue are contributing to these emergent streams of literature.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierKnudsenAntesetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L. and Antes, Nicole and Hamad, Mariam and Kibwana, Aisha and Markovic-Vastag, Darinka}, title = {External Cultural Policy in International Comparison: Summary of the Report}, publisher = {Hertie School}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-4503}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45030}, pages = {94}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {The Future of the Liberal Order and the Great Questions of Our Time}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {1 -- 18}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Conclusion: The Future of the Liberal Order}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {265 -- 278}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierFilip, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru}, title = {How to Square the Circle Between Economic Globalization, Social Cohesion, and Liberal Democracy?}, series = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, booktitle = {The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions}, editor = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780367772307}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {21 -- 44}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Civil Society and Sustainability: An Essay on the Long View}, series = {International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society}, journal = {International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society}, doi = {10.1007/s10767-023-09450-5}, abstract = {Civil society has re-entered the standard social sciences vocabulary, and important contributions have been made in recent years to advance the historical understanding and conceptual development of this sphere analytically located between the state and the market. Such contributions have been mostly within a political science perspective that examines civil society in the context of a particular country or region or in reference to the emerging field of non-profit studies. What has been missing is a broader perspective within a comparative institutional framework that places the capacity of civil society for self-organisation and self-correction relative to the capacity of the state to control and regulate. Frequently, these two capacities are in conflict with each other, and exploring their relationship may suggest new answers to the question of what makes civil society develop and be sustainable in the long run.}, language = {en} } @article{MannAnheier, author = {Mann, Michael and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Interview: Michael Mann and Helmut K. Anheier}, series = {Global Perspectives}, volume = {4}, journal = {Global Perspectives}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1525/gp.2023.68340}, abstract = {In this interview, Helmut K. Anheier and Michael Mann first discuss Mann's work on the sociology of power, especially the types and sources of power. They then focus on the rise and fall of empires and his analysis of wars, as well as current international tensions, especially US-China relations and a revisionist Russia. Throughout, they focus on longer-term economic and sociopolitical developments that may affect the future of the liberal order.}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Comparative Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors: Looking Back and Looking Forward}, series = {Voluntas}, journal = {Voluntas}, doi = {10.1007/s11266-023-00608-5}, abstract = {While comparative research on nonprofit organizations has made much progress since the launch of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project in 1990, there now seems to be a loss of momentum. Some of the reasons for this have to do with aspects of definition, classification, and aggregation that can be corrected. The main issue, however, is the lack of progress in advancing comparative nonprofit sector theories beyond the social origins theory. To remedy this, the essay proposes four ways forward as part of a new research agenda.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Das Problem mit der Philantropie}, series = {Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung}, booktitle = {Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung}, editor = {von Schnurbein, Georg}, publisher = {Christoph Merian Verlag}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-03969-012-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {37 -- 50}, language = {de} } @article{AnheierLangKnudsen, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Lang, Markus and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index II: Initial results, 2000-2019}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13277}, pages = {16 -- 34}, abstract = {This article presents an overview of some of the main findings from our analysis of the Berggruen Governance Index for the 2000-2019 period. It first examines overall governance performance across world regions, singles out general trends and identifies top and bottom performers. It then briefly reviews the comparative governance performance of world powers like the United States, Brazil, China, major European countries, India and Russia as well as other selected countries in the post-Soviet space. Finally, we address more analytic questions to show the versatility of the index for hypothesis testing and theoretical purposes.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierKononykhina, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Kononykhina, Olga}, title = {Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index III. Implications for theory and policy}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13276}, pages = {35 -- 46}, abstract = {This article looks at some of the major implications for theory and policy that follow from the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI). After discussing the BGI's quality as an indicator in more general terms, the article explores two types of implications. The first are conceptual implications that relate to an improved understanding of governance, democracy and economic development. They illustrate the highly contingent patterns that emerge from the Governance Triangle—the basis of the BGI's conceptual framework—for high-, middle- and low-income countries as well as political regimes, and caution against any notions of simple causalities in how countries develop. Second, we address policy implications in terms of managing the tensions inherent in the Governance Triangle in view of longer-term sustainability and resilience based on insights that can be gained with the help of the BGI.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierFroehlichList, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Fr{\"o}hlich, Christian and List, Regina A.}, title = {Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards better governance and sustainability?}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13283}, pages = {124 -- 135}, abstract = {The countries of the Sub-Saharan region have, on average, made significant progress in governance performance, especially in terms of democratic accountability and public goods provision—findings that seem to contradict patterns of state fragility and economic underdevelopment common in the region. This article explores this seeming contradiction and presents in more detail findings from the Berggruen Governance Index regarding the governance performance of five countries, namely Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa. Lagging state capacity and growing sovereign debt emerge as critical factors, and the article suggests that they may be responsible for the inability of many countries in the region to consolidate gains in governance as well as economic performance.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierListKnudsen, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and List, Regina A. and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Advancing governance indicator systems: Lessons learned from the 2022 symposium}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13284}, pages = {136 -- 146}, abstract = {The Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) is a new and innovative entry into the crowded domain of quantitative governance research. In its effort to contribute to the field, the BGI builds off of and acts in dialogue with several other governance indicator projects from across the globe. As part of a collaborative outlook, the BGI convened the first of three symposia at the UCLA Luskin School in October 2022, titled 'Advancing Governance Indicator Systems: The 2022 Conference'. The event invited representatives from other indicator projects to share their thoughts on the BGI, present their own projects and discuss avenues for further research and development of 'planetary' indicators. This article discusses the highlights and key contributions from the conference.}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Advancing governance indicators: Four ways forward}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13273}, pages = {147 -- 152}, abstract = {This article goes beyond the presentation, assessment and discussion of the Berggruen Governance Index by suggesting potential next steps for governance indicators and relevant data systems more generally. Specifically, it addresses four ways to advance research on governance performance. The first two, greater cross-validation and cross-fertilisation and a systematic assessment of the legal-regulatory context, address the two major challenges of current research, namely the weak connection between the theoretical understanding of governance and the current stock of indicators as well as the tenuous connection between conceptually grounded indices on the one hand and the needs of policymakers to have actionable results on the other. The other two proposals, that is the development of governance operationalisations based on network structures and the notion of planetary governance, suggest transcending the current nation-state and variable-based frame for governance indices towards actor-based indicators and dashboards.}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Global Social Sciences? Introducing a Series of Special Collections on the State and the Potential of the Social Sciences across the Globe}, series = {Global Perspectives}, volume = {4}, journal = {Global Perspectives}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1525/gp.2023.75284}, abstract = {Nominally, the social sciences maintain the ideological aspiration of a unified, global endeavor for a better understanding of human societies, their economies, cultures, and polities. Over 150 years after their founding period, there is significant fragmentation and unevenness in this quest to understand the human condition. Distinct hierarchies and exclusionary structures emerged between the "West" and regions like Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, China and India and many parts of Asia. Some countries, even entire regions, are terra incognita from a Western vantage point and relegated to "area studies." At the same time, distinct social science traditions have formed in countries and regions outside the West, with a new interest in developing approaches that rely less on Western foundations and conventional academic practices. The questions become: Are the social sciences drifting further apart, or is there a possibility of greater dialogue, even cohesiveness, to advance our knowledge and understanding globally rather than only in some regions or countries? And if so, why, how, and for what? What are the main foci in research and teaching? What is the degree of institutionalization, and how could the global, regional, and national potentials of the social sciences be better realized? To approach these questions, Global Perspectives launches systematic assessments of the state and the potential of the social sciences in different parts of the world. They address five key issue clusters: Western hegemony and fragmentation; basic conceptual and epistemological considerations; ideologies and normative foundations; academic freedom; and professionalization and commercialization. Given the significant scale and complex scope of the social sciences with their many specific subfields, methodologies, and curricula as well as varying degrees of professional institutionalization and different political backgrounds, the special collections present reflective essays on the state and the potential of the social sciences rather than comprehensive empirical stock-taking.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierLangKnudsen, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Lang, Markus and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index I: Conceptual and methodological framework}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13278}, pages = {5 -- 15}, abstract = {Governance is at the heart of how well governments meet public needs and manage a wide array of common problems. Why do some countries perform poorly in delivering healthcare, reducing inequality, providing a clean environment or delivering some other public good to their populations even while they have the resources to do so? Does the capacity of states to provide the basics for societies to thrive depend on forms of democratic accountability that represents different interests, or are systems under technocratic control that impose solutions and disregard, even suppress, many voices better at meeting public needs? Existing indices do not systematically examine the relationship between the components that contribute to governance performance. In our understanding of governance, depicted as the Governance Triangle, public goods provision is a function of state capacity and accountability. Rather than focusing on a single composite performance measure, the Berggruen Governance Index examines the interactions among these dimensions. We find that the key to good governance is achieving a balance among the three dimensions on an upward and sustainable trajectory. This article introduces the Index and the conceptual and methodological framework that underpins it and then outlines the content of this special issue.}, language = {en} } @article{AnheierLam, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Lam, Marcus}, title = {Philanthropic foundations}, series = {Encyclopedia of Macro Social Work}, journal = {Encyclopedia of Macro Social Work}, editor = {Bailey, Darlyne and Mizrahi, Terry}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {978-0-19-094912-9}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierRau, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Rau, Sandra}, title = {Time-Limited Foundations: Comparative Perspectives from Europe}, series = {Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy}, booktitle = {Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy}, editor = {Madoff, Ray and Soskis, Benjamin}, publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, address = {Lanham, Maryland}, isbn = {978-1-5381-3176-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {177 -- 195}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges}, series = {The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management}, booktitle = {The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management}, editor = {Renz, David O. and Brown, William A. and Andersson, Fredrik O.}, edition = {5th}, publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, isbn = {978-1-394-19887-0}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {7 -- 29}, language = {en} } @incollection{ToeplerAnheier, author = {Toepler, Stefan and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Third-Sector Research: Ubi eras, Quo vadis?}, series = {The Future of Third Sector Research: From Theory to Definitions, Classifications and Aggregation Towards New Research Paths}, booktitle = {The Future of Third Sector Research: From Theory to Definitions, Classifications and Aggregation Towards New Research Paths}, editor = {Bassi, Andrea and Aquino Alves, Mario and Cordery, Carolyn}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783031678967}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-67896-7_20}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {229 -- 248}, abstract = {Third Sector, or nonprofit, research has made tremendous strides since the field's inception half a century ago in the context of developed liberal market economies. In the US, an interdisciplinary group of social scientists started to form in the early 1970s that was originally primarily concerned with local voluntary initiatives, self-help and other grassroots amateur groups, or what David Horton Smith (Smith, 2016) later referred to as voluntaristics. Subsequent economic theorizing (cf. Hansmann, 1987) pushed research agendas towards examinations of more formal nonprofit organizations. In Europe, related, yet different, research traditions at the time focused on associational life, cooperative and communal economics, and the social economy, encompassing a variety of cooperative and mutual enterprises. By contrast, in the countries of the Global South, where colonial legal frameworks were superimposed on indigenous legal systems, organizational forms and cultures, remained outside the focus of these initial efforts.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierKnudsenToddTombini, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L. and Todd-Tombini, Sofia}, title = {The New Nationalisms and the Future of Cultural Relations: External Cultural Policy in an Age of Political Extremes}, publisher = {ifa (Institut f{\"u}r Auslandsbeziehungen e.V.)}, address = {Stuttgart}, doi = {10.17901/1493}, pages = {55}, abstract = {This paper explores the impact of rising nationalism on soft power by analysing the external cultural policies (ECP) of eight countries: Germany, France, Italy, Poland, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Russia, and Turkey. It argues that ECP will increasingly operate in a zero-sum international environment shaped by nationalism, with its domestic effects varying across nations. While institutions in France are more exposed to nationalist influence, the 'arm's length' principle offers greater protection in the UK and Germany, and the diversity of private actors serves as a protective buffer in the United States. Nationalistic ECP in China, Russia, and Turkey is anticipated to grow, while Poland exemplifies institutional resistance to nationalism. The paper then proceeds into a case study of the current discourse in Germany, contrasting the views of different nationalist parties about German ECP. Finally, recommendations are proposed for countries like Germany and other European nations: support the arm's-length principle of key institutions; enhance coordination among ECP actors domestically and within the EU; shield against malign foreign influence; create and communicate anti-nationalist narratives; proactively leveraging existing strengths and opportunities.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Fiscal Austerity, Economic Stagnation, and Public Scandal: Governance Performance in the United Kingdom Ahead of the 2024 Election}, publisher = {Berggruen Governance Project}, address = {United States of America}, pages = {iii, 9}, abstract = {This report evaluates the governance performance of the United Kingdom ahead of the 2024 election, focusing on the interplay between fiscal austerity, economic stagnation, and public scandal. Despite a high initial governance performance in terms of democratic accountability, state capacity, and public goods provision, recent years have seen a notable decline in state capacity due to austerity measures and political scandals. These have eroded public trust and highlighted the need for structural reforms. Key recommendations include enhancing investment in public services, improving regional economic policies, and addressing the UK's growing fiscal challenges to restore trust and ensure long-term growth.}, language = {en} } @article{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Going Around in Circles? A Review Essay of Reimagining Nonprofits: Sector Theory in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Ewa Witesman and Curtis Child, Cambridge University Press, 2024}, series = {Nonprofit Policy Forum}, journal = {Nonprofit Policy Forum}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, issn = {2154-3348}, doi = {10.1515/npf-2024-0053}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Fiscal Austerity, Economic Stagnation, and Public Scandals: Governance Performance in the United Kingdom Ahead of the 2024 Election}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 9}, abstract = {As the United Kingdom heads to the polls on July 4th, 2024, the country faces several interlocking crises. Post-2010 austerity measures and the decision to leave the EU have left long-term scars on the United Kingdom´s economy, leading to an economic drift away from other wealthy countries. Changes in key indicators such a productivity and regional inequality highlight this trend. While its governance performance has been among the highest worldwide - in terms of democratic accountability (quality of democracy), state capacity (quality of government) and public goods provision (quality of life) - there are signs of stagnation and erosion, particular in state capacity. Since the latter is a major mediating factor in democracy's ability to produce public goods, there is an urgent need for structural change if the country is to avoid succumbing to even more severe problems impacting its future quality of life. However, any reform effort must weigh the pressing need for public investments with the country´s growing indebtedness.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierSaracenoKnudsen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C. and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {The 2024 Berggruen Governance Index - Democracy Challenged}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {viii, 96}, abstract = {THE BERGGRUEN GOVERNANCE INDEX PROJECT (BGI) analyzes the relationship between democratic accountability, state capacity and the provision of public goods. It builds upon prior work that examined the impact of governance and democracy on the quality of life. It is a collaborative project between the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, the Hertie School, and the Berggruen Institute.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ToeplerAnheier, author = {Toepler, Stefan and Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Theories of Nonprofit Sector, Economic}, series = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, editor = {List, Regina A. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-319-99675-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_805-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {'Lucky' or Lacking? Economic Development and Political Institutions in Australia}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 10}, abstract = {Ahead of an important federal election on May 3rd, Australia boasts some of the world's most sophisticated political institutions and a wealthy economy. But does this veneer of success mask deeper structural issues? This report finds that, despite strong measures of GDP per capita and state capacity, Australia has long struggled to move its economy past a reliance on commodity exports—notably to China. At the same time, its democratic innovations such as compulsory electoral participation, early adoption of women's suffrage, and preferential voting conceal a darker history of indigenous dispossession and racial discrimination. To move past these problems, Australia will have to leverage its impressive state capacity and strong educational system to develop a more advanced services sector and foster more complex manufacturing. Given the necessity of innovation clusters in its already-productive cities, this will also require addressing the severe housing crisis in state capitals and encouraging more migration and acceptance of minorities. Only with a more complex economy can Australia ensure future growth and reduce vulnerability to foreign powers like China and the US.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Canada 2025: Governance Challenges Between Resource Reliance and Geopolitical Vulnerability}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 9}, abstract = {Although it is wealthy by global standards, Canada's economy faces key vulnerabilities such as excessive reliance on extractive industries, shortages of critical goods such as housing, and heavy dependence on exports to the US. For many years, the country has failed to address these systemic problems. Despite scoring highly on most measures of the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI), its performance has been uneven over the last decade. Indeed, while Canada is generally ahead of the United States in terms of governance performance, its scores for state capacity and democratic accountability trail those of many Western European peers. This parallels a broader disillusionment with Canada's institutions, as public trust in government steadily declined during the 2010s. Addressing systemic challenges will require strident and courageous measures that aim to improve economic diversification and tackle regional inequality. Will the Liberal Party, which has neglected needed reforms for too long—and is now favored to win the elections in April—finally be up to the task?}, language = {en} } @incollection{Anheier, author = {Anheier, Helmut K.}, title = {Secret Societies}, series = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society}, editor = {List, Regina A. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-319-99675-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_120-1}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Progress and Polarization in South Korea: Remarkable Economic Ascent Masks Lingering Fractures}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 9}, abstract = {On December 3rd, 2024, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol imposed martial law in what appeared to be an attempted coup, threatening the country's hard-fought democracy. Although the attempt was unsuccessful and consequentially led to Yoon Suk-yeol's removal from office, it exposed lingering challenges in a country that has been one of the century's great democratic success stories. Using insights from the 2024 Berggruen Governance Index, we discuss South Korea's remarkable success and trajectory, and the underlying fragilities in the country that pose threats to democratic stability and governance. Indeed, South Korea has made a remarkable transition from being a war-torn, impoverished, and autocratic nation to one of economic growth and impressive democratization. We find that South Korea consistently ranks very high in democratic accountability, public goods provision, and state capacity. Yet, emerging and ongoing challenges polarize the country. South Korea is in a precarious geopolitical situation with its rival neighbor North Korea, and continues to encounter issues such as gender polarization, economic inequality, and overwork. Moving forward, South Korea must grapple with these societal divisions and the legacy from its authoritarian past. Yet, it has one of the most highly educated societies in the world, a civically engaged population that will be key to protecting the remarkable democracy and economic success that it has already achieved.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Germany 2025: The Slow Decline in Governance Performance Erupts Into Crisis of Government as Geopolitics Worsen}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 12}, abstract = {This report examines the decline of Germany's economic and political stability over the past decade, emphasizing how structural challenges have eroded the country's once-sterling reputation for success and good governance. Although Germany was lauded throughout the 2010s for its robust economy and political cohesion under Chancellor Angela Merkel, recent developments—including a stagnating export sector, rising inequality, and political fragmentation—have sparked growing concerns. Drawing on data from the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI), the report shows that Germany's scores in democratic accountability, state capacity, and public goods provision, while still high by global standards, have gradually but consistently deteriorated since 2011. Building on these findings, the paper identifies four core drivers of this decline: inadequate investment in infrastructure, backlash against migration, foreign policy vulnerabilities, and the broader impact of the recent economic downturn. The report then connects these developments to the upcoming February 2025 elections, examining how Germany's governance and political-economic trends are likely to influence electoral behavior and shape the policy choices available to a likely CDU-led government.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Balancing Progress and Democracy: Mexico's Governance Under Sheinbaum}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 9}, abstract = {With the election of Claudia Sheinbaum as Mexico's first female president on June 2, 2024, the country entered another six-year term under the leadership of the left-wing Morena Party. The previous president, Andr{\´e}s Manuel L{\´o}pez Obrador (AMLO), also of Morena, ruled from 2018 to 2024. This remarkable electoral outcome raises important questions about longer-term trends in Mexican governance and invites comparisons with neighboring countries. Using insights from the 2024 Berggruen Governance Index (BGI), we can look deeper at Mexico's trajectory. We find that, since 2000, Mexico has struggled to catch up with more developed nations like the U.S or Canada in the governance measures but still outpaces many other Latin American countries. The Morena administrations have embarked on ambitious programs of state building and economic nationalism, but these efforts have been criticized for contributing to democratic backsliding, particularly in the conservative U.S. press. Still, Mexico has achieved a solid degree of economic success, rebounding rapidly after the pandemic and GDP per capita increasing by over 50\% since AMLO took over in 2018. Much of this growth has been driven by traditionally poorer southern regions in the country. Despite some signs of success, one of Sheinbaum's key dilemmas will be to balance a more expanded and effective reach of the state—both geographically and economically—without undermining democratic norms. Given resistance to changes like judicial reform, resource nationalization, and use of the military for state-building projects, this will be a difficult balance to strike.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Political Instability and Economic Development in the Sahel: Governance in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Sudan since 2000}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {19}, abstract = {The 2020s have been a troubled decade so far for many countries in the Sahel. Although a serious of coups and widespread political instability in the region have dominated headlines, findings from the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) indicate this grim picture may be incomplete. Indeed, the BGI finds some notable improvements, especially in public good provision, where some of the Sahel countries profiled in this report are among the most improved worldwide since 2000. However, these improvements rest on shaky ground, as countries in the region have long been trapped by unsustainable economic policies that focus almost exclusively on exploiting the natural resources of the region. This can lead to a vicious cycle of economic and institutional underdevelopment and political dysfunction, as extractive industries lead to elite capture, and uneven and unsustainable growth patterns, with high levels of corruption and violence among those competing for resources, reliance on overseas development aid, and eventually vulnerabilities to geopolitical influence. To address these interlocking weaknesses, this report suggests a dual economic strategy to form the foundations for more resilient institutions: 1) making more productive use of natural resources by building up capacity for higher in-country value-added through domesticating production chains; and 2) building high-tech partnerships with more developed countries to manage climate change and build sustainable agriculture. Based on such economic gains, greater fiscal and administrative state capacities could then be leveraged to create more durable governance institutions, further enabling more resilient development.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SaracenoAnheierKnudsen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Saraceno, Joseph C. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Towards A New Global Contestation? Comparing the Governance Performance of G7 and BRICS+ Nations}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {18}, abstract = {The expansion of the BRICS to the BRICS+ group of countries potentially reflects a major geopolitical shift. This change indicates the possibility of rising tensions with the Group of Seven (G7), a collection of wealthy liberal democracies. The growing importance of BRICS and BRICS+ countries raises important questions about how their governance performance compares to G7 countries in terms of providing public goods such as social security, health and environmental protection. The report explores these questions with the help of the Berggruen Governance Index, which measures the governance performance of countries using three major dimensions and their relationship between each other: democratic accountability (quality of democracy), state capacity (quality of governance) and public goods provision (quality of life). In relation to the first question, the report finds that the G7 outperforms BRICS+ in all three governance dimensions. However, advances in the provision of public goods have been significant in some BRICS+ countries, even as state capacity and/or democratic accountability declined. This finding challenges the "autocratic fallacy," which states that authoritarian governance cannot effectively scale public goods, and that broad-based prosperity is correlated with adherence to democratic principles. It would further challenge the notion that democracy and wellbeing are the common telos of how countries develop over time. At the same time, results indicate that, rather than seeking fuller confrontation with G7 countries, most BRICS+ members engage in a mix of cooperation and contestation to gauge opportunities while mitigating risks in uncertain geopolitical conditions.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierKnudsen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Dominanz ohne Hegemonie? Der neue Wettstreit um das Soft-Power-Vakuum der USA}, publisher = {ifa (Institut f{\"u}r Auslandsbeziehungen e.V.)}, address = {Stuttgart}, doi = {10.17901/1588}, pages = {74}, abstract = {Mit der Umsetzung des Strategiepapiers Project 25 hat die zweite Trump-Re-gierung viele zentrale Elemente der Soft Power der USA zerschlagen. Seither nimmt die Soft Power des Landes stetig ab und hinterl{\"a}sst ein Vakuum im Zentrum der globalen Kulturdiplomatie. Gleichzeitig setzen die USA ihre be-tr{\"a}chtliche wirtschaftliche und milit{\"a}rische Kraft ein, um Verb{\"u}ndete wie Rivalen gleichermaßen unter Druck zu setzen, indem sie international einen zunehmend transaktionalen bilateralen Ansatz verfolgen - Dominanz ohne kulturelle Hegemonie. Im Zuge dieser Entwicklung sehen sich Europa - und insbesondere Deutschland - mit einer Reihe grundlegender Fragen in dieser ver{\"a}nderten geopolitischen und geo{\"o}konomischen Landschaft konfrontiert. Sie k{\"o}nnten die Außenkulturpolitik (ECP) nutzen, um universalistische libe-ral-demokratische Prinzipien voranzutreiben, und dazu eine zukunftsgerich-tete Vision mit einem eigenst{\"a}ndiges Narrativ entwickeln, das mit der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Gesamtleistung und Lebensqualit{\"a}t, mit technologischen Errungenschaften und einem stabilen Milit{\"a}rb{\"u}ndnis zu untermauern w{\"a}re. Doch ein derartiges Vorgehen verlangt drastische Entscheidungen und einen politischen Willen, der den k{\"u}nftigen Herausforderungen gerecht wird. Wenn es Europa und Deutschland nicht gelingt, diese Bew{\"a}hrungsproben zu meistern, werden sie, als Mittelm{\"a}chte, zunehmend zum Spielball der USA und Chinas.}, language = {de} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Development over Democracy? Economic Growth and Political Repression in Bangladesh}, series = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 8}, abstract = {This election brief examines the critical juncture facing Bangladesh as it approaches the February 12, 2026, general election and concurrent referendum on the "July Charter." Following the 2024 ouster of Sheikh Hasina and the subsequent transition to an interim government led by Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh seeks to reverse a two-decade trend of democratic backsliding and stagnant state capacity. Utilizing data from the Berggruen Governance Index, this analysis highlights a striking paradox: while democratic accountability and state capacity have significantly withered since 2000, public goods provision has reached record highs, driven by a highly concentrated, export-oriented textile model and growing public debt. The report evaluates the sustainability of this "authoritarian developmentalism" in a deteriorating international environment characterized by U.S. protectionism and regional instability. It concludes that while the proposed constitutional reforms offer a framework for long-term stability, Bangladesh's path to reconciling economic growth with democratic liberty remains precarious, requiring a departure from historical East Asian developmental models to suit a more fragmented geopolitical reality.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Steadying the Democratic Ship — or Sinking it? Economic Stagnation and Political Dysfunction in Italy}, series = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 10}, abstract = {The combination of a sclerotic economy and a volatile political climate has defined Italy for decades. With far-right leader Giorgia Meloni's election as prime minister in September 2022, it remains to be seen whether the country can finally break this cycle. Although her government has overseen modest economic growth and relative political stability—and Meloni remains popular—her controversial constitutional reforms and the June 2025 referenda pose significant tests. Those votes, held alongside local elections, address both citizenship liberalization and stronger workers' rights. While they will reveal public sentiment about the current government, neither can resolve Italy's deeper, long-term problems. To do so, policymakers must tackle high regional disparities, extreme wealth and inheritance inequality, and persistently low productivity. Investments and reforms aimed at bringing Italy's state capacity in line with its Western European peers are essential to address these structural issues.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Right-wing Populism, the State, and Democracy: Governance Performance \& the 2024 European Parliament Elections}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 11}, abstract = {Right-wing parties are expected to gain substantially in the 2024 European Parliament elections. Comparing the results of the Berggruen Governance Index with current electoral predictions shows that the lingering effects of the global financial crisis and Eurocrisis, in particular prolonged budget cuts and other austerity measures, have contributed to worsening state capacity and weakening democratic accountability in many European countries. This led to a growing sense of insecurity and build-up of grievances among those population groups most affected by austerity measures. Far-right parties opportunistically exploited these sentiments, especially by linking them to anxieties around migration. In this way, actual shortages in fields like housing—which are largely derived from underinvestment and austerity—are dubiously attributed to migrants. As a result, right-wing parties have been able to use this simplistic scapegoat in order to appeal to a wide range of resentments, which stem largely from a decaying institutional environment, rather than outside sources. What can be done to reverse these dynamics? Changes in governance performance tend to be slow moving, and corrective action may take some time to bear fruit. The analysis suggests that crisis-driven austerity policies must stop as they contribute to weaker institutions and increasing polarization in the medium to long term. The rise of the far right is thus the collective result of misguided policies by governments in power over the last decade or so. They now must correct them and prove that they can proactively anticipate as well as solve public problems such as social and regional inequalities. For this to happen, public sector reforms and strategic investments in state capacity and democratic resilience are urgently needed.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Democratic distortions and a struggling state: The United States on the eve of the 2024 presidential election}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 10}, abstract = {During election season, most U.S. media coverage centers on a "horse race" analysis of public opinion and the latest polling. However, understanding the broader context of governance provides a more comprehensive view of the factors that shape the U.S. political landscape. The outcome of the 2024 U.S. presidential election will undoubtedly shape domestic policies and influence the country's role on the world stage, but it is crucial to recognize that the challenges facing its political system are structural and have developed over many years. In this spirit, this report discusses developments in U.S. governance since 2000, focusing on the metrics of democratic accountability, state capacity, and public goods provision from the Berggruen Governance Index. It finds that democratic accountability — particularly electoral accountability—and state capacity have experienced sharp declines since 2015, limiting the responsiveness and effectiveness of government. Although public goods have remained constant, this occurs in the context of rising public debt and at lower levels in comparison to other advanced democracies. Especially in swing states, there are sharp declines in democratic accountability, creating significant risks for the integrity of the U.S. election where it matters most. We conclude by speculating how different outcomes in the U.S. election might affect the future of U.S. governance across all three dimensions, projecting that a Harris victory would likely be more beneficial across all three categories. However, Harris will face severe challenges considering the structural constraints and deficiencies of the U.S. system.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Tunisia's Autocratic Resurgence: Political Reforms Without Economic Progress Threatens Democracy}, series = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 8}, abstract = {This report examines Tunisia's recent democratic trajectory ahead of the October 2024 presidential elections. Following the 2010 Jasmine Revolution, findings from the 2024 Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) demonstrate dramatic improvements in democratic accountability and state capacity — followed by a rapid decline in the early 2020s. We suggest the reason for the non-durability of these gains may be due to Tunisia's failure to achieve substantial economic growth or improvements in public goods provision. This economic stagnation undermined the democratic advancements, leading to political dysfunction and a regression into authoritarianism under President Ka{\"i}s Sa{\"i}ed. Using the Tunisian example of how economic progress contributed to rising political unrest in spite of greater democratic accountability, it then explores theoretical perspectives on why democracies at lower development levels may struggle economically, citing factors like immediate consumption pressures, policy uncertainty, and labor rights affecting foreign investment. The upcoming October 2024 elections are assessed, with a cautious outlook on their potential to reverse authoritarian trends. The report concludes by emphasizing the critical lesson from Tunisia's experience: political reforms must be coupled with tangible economic improvements to ensure the consolidation and longevity of democratic governance.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {The Politics of Debt in Cameroon, Malawi, Ivory Coast, the Central African Republic, and Tanzania; the Politics of Debt}, series = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 10}, abstract = {In 2025, Cameroon, Malawi, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, and the Central African Republic held (or will hold) national elections. Across these cases, electoral processes were marked by accusations of fraud, political repression, and in some instances violent crackdowns, underscoring persistent weaknesses in democratic accountability and overall governance challenges. These political dynamics unfold within a broader postcolonial context of poverty, limited sovereignty, and heavy reliance on external financing. Despite these constraints, all five countries have recorded notable improvements in public goods provision since 2000, according to the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI). Although this reflects gains in areas such as infrastructure and social services, these advances have coincided with stagnation or decline in state capacity and democratic institutions. Rising public debt—driven by multilateral and Chinese lending—has enabled short-term development but increasingly constrains fiscal and political space. The report argues that without substantial improvements in state capacity, these countries risk remaining trapped in a vicious cycle of debt, weak governance, and political instability.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {A Remedy for 'Dutch Disease'? Natural Resources and Political-Economic Development in Norway.}, series = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 9}, abstract = {Ahead of parliamentary elections on September 8th, what is the state of Norway's democracy, government, and economy? For decades, Norway has defied paradoxical misfortunates of ample natural resources ("Dutch Disease"), instead investing its natural riches into building a highly representative political system and robust state. In order to investigate how Norway has defied the conventional "resource curse" narrative, this report— with evidence from the 2024 Berggruen Governance Index— explores the history of Norway and examines current political challenges that could threaten to disrupt its relatively secure and stable status quo. We find that Norway has built its success so through a combination of historical processes which facilitated early democratization, important cultural dynamics that link representation and modernization, and deliberate policy choices that channeled resource rents into long-term investments rather than short-term political gains. Although emerging social fractures could pose a risk to its fortunate situation, Norway's wealth and strong institutions leave it in a better place to combat political dysfunction and economic stagnation than many other developed countries.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KnudsenAnheierSaraceno, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Knudsen, Edward L. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Saraceno, Joseph C.}, title = {Economic Progress or Democratic Distress? Indonesia's Governance Challenges}, series = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, journal = {2024 Berggruen Government Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {iii, 11}, abstract = {As the world's third-largest democracy, with the largest Muslim population, and consisting of over 17,000 islands, Indonesia faces complex governance challenges. As indicated by the 2024 Berggruen Governance Index, the country reveals a decline in democratic accountability and stagnant state capacity, while its public goods provision has improved thanks to revenue from its extractive industries. Despite having experienced high economic growth in recent years, high levels of inequality linger, and significant regional discrepancies in living standards persist. Politically, authoritarian tendencies under President Prabowo Subianto threaten the fragile democratic gains of previous decades. To address this, Indonesia will have to continue its mostly successful economic policies while seeking to distribute gains more equitably and increase regional convergence through investments and decentralization.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierKnudsenYangetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Knudsen, Edward L. and Yang, Yuqing and Fr{\"o}hlich, Christian}, title = {Geopolitics and Domestic Governance Performance: Four Global Powers in a Changing World Order}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {15}, abstract = {What is the link between the domestic governance performance of global powers and their geopolitical positioning and potential? Using data from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index, this brief looks at the United States, China, Russia, and the EU5 (i.e., the five largest EU economies France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) in the context of four different future scenarios. It finds strikingly different trajectories for each global power, with distinct challenges and opportunities. Overall, the United States and the EU are more likely to maintain, even strengthen their relative geopolitical position, whereas China faces significant uncertainties due to domestic governance problems. Russia, suffering from low state capacities and unable to serve its predatory elites, is likely to enter a period of decline and loss of status.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AnheierLangKnudsen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Lang, Markus and Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Toward a New Understanding of Governance: The 2022 Berggruen Governance Index}, publisher = {UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs}, address = {Los Angeles}, pages = {103}, abstract = {THE BERGGRUEN GOVERNANCE INDEX PROJECT (BGI) analyzes the relationship between democratic accountability, state capacity and the provision of public goods. It builds upon prior work that examined the impact of governance and democracy on the quality of life. It is a collaborative project between the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs and the Berggruen Institute.}, language = {en} }