@article{HurrelmannRuoXiKoecheretal., author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Ruo-Xi, Yu and K{\"o}cher, Wolfgang and Darvin, Maxim E. and B{\"u}ttner, Monika and Jung, Sora and Lee, Bich Na and Klotter, Christoph and Meinke, Martina C. and Lademann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Spectroscopic biofeedback on cutaneous carotenoids as part of a prevention program could be effective to raise health awareness in adolescents}, series = {Journal of Biophotonics}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Biophotonics}, number = {11-12}, publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1864-063X}, doi = {10.1002/jbio.201300134}, pages = {926 -- 937}, abstract = {The cutaneous carotenoid concentration correlates with the overall antioxidant status of a person and can be seen as biomarker for nutrition and lifestyle. 50 high school students were spectroscopically measured for their cutaneous carotenoid concentrations initially in a static phase, followed by an intervention phase with biofeedback of their measured values, living a healthy lifestyle and on healthy food this time. The volunteers showed higher carotenoid concentrations than found in previous studies. A significant correlation of healthy lifestyle habits and a high antioxidant status could be determined. Subjects improved their nutritional habits and significantly increased their carotenoid concentration during intervention. Follow-up five months later showed a consolidation of the increase. The investigations show that a healthy diet and a well-balanced lifestyle correlate with a high cutaneous antioxidant concentration and that spectroscopic biofeedback measurement of cutaneous carotenoids as part of an integrated prevention program is a feasible and effective means to raise the health awareness in adolescents.}, language = {en} } @article{HurrelmannBauer, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Bauer, Ullrich}, title = {Das Modell der produktiven Realit{\"a}tsverarbeitung in der aktuellen Diskussion}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation}, volume = {35}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation}, number = {2}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1436-1957}, pages = {155 -- 170}, abstract = {Das Modell der produktiven Realit{\"a}tsverarbeitung (MpR) ist ein stabiler Anker der sozialisationstheoretischen Diskussion der vergangenen Jahrzehnte. Dabei ist der metatheoretische Bezugspunkt der Interaktion zwischen der aktiven Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und einer sich wandelnden gesellschaftlichen Umwelt offenbar unver{\"a}ndert an - schlussf{\"a}hig. Gleichzeitig hat es fortlaufend Ver{\"a}nderungen im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs gegeben, die sowohl die Operationalisierung der individuellen Handlungsf{\"a}higkeit und ihrer Bedingtheit, als auch die Differenzierung von Kontext- und Umweltmerkmalen betreffen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher die Frage aufgeworfen, welche Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit und Erkenntniskraft das MpR unter ver{\"a}nderten gesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Bedingungen nach {\"u}ber drei Jahrzehnten f{\"u}r die Sozialisationstheorie und -forschung hat. Daf{\"u}r wird (1) einleitend das Modell in seinen Grundz{\"u}gen vorgestellt und in Thesenform erl{\"a}utert. Die vier Arbeitsschwerpunkte, (2) er - kenntnistheoretische und konzeptionelle Grundannahmen, (3) Realit{\"a}tsverarbeitung im Lebenslauf, (4) sozialr{\"a}umliche Kontexte der Realit{\"a}tsverarbeitung und (5) Diversit{\"a}ten der Realit{\"a}tsverarbeitung werden mit aktuellen Ans{\"a}tzen und Befunden in Beziehung gesetzt. Abschließend (6) werden theorie- und forschungssystematische Herausforderungen der Sozialisationsforschung aufgelistet, die sich aus dem Verst{\"a}ndnis von Sozialisation als produktive Realit{\"a}tsverarbeitung ergeben.}, language = {de} } @article{HurrelmannRathmannRichter, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Rathmann, Katharina and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Welche Wohlfahrtspolitik f{\"o}rdert die Gesundheit?: Der ungekl{\"a}rte Zusammenhang von {\"o}konomischer und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit}, series = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {73}, journal = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, number = {6}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0030-1265195}, pages = {335 -- 343}, abstract = {In allen hochentwickelten L{\"a}ndern hat sich in den letzten 30 Jahren der Gesundheitsstatus der Bev{\"o}lkerung deutlich verbessert. Ein wesentlicher Grund daf{\"u}r ist die gestiegene wirtschaftliche Prosperit{\"a}t. Diese ist heute aber ungleicher verteilt als vor 3 Jahrzehnten. Die Unterschiede in der Verf{\"u}gbarkeit materieller Ressourcen und die Diskrepanzen im sozio{\"o}konomischen Status h{\"a}ngen eng mit der Gesundheitslage der Bev{\"o}lkerung zusammen. L{\"a}ndervergleiche zeigen, dass eine auf {\"o}konomische Gleichheit ausgerichtete Wohlfahrtspolitik, wie sie f{\"u}r die skandinavischen L{\"a}nder typisch ist, mit relativ g{\"u}nstigen gesundheitlichen Indikatoren korreliert. Bisher ist allerdings nicht gekl{\"a}rt, wie {\"o}konomische Ungleichheit und gesundheitliche Lage zusammenh{\"a}ngen. Als besonders unklar erweist sich in neueren Studien der Zusammenhang von {\"o}konomischer und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit. In diesem Beitrag geben wir einen {\"U}berblick zu den vorliegenden l{\"a}nder{\"u}bergreifenden Analysen. Diese zeigen, dass die skandinavischen L{\"a}nder dank ihrer intensiv umverteilenden Wohlfahrtspolitik zwar das h{\"o}chste Ausmaß von {\"o}konomischer, aber nicht von gesundheitlicher Gleichheit erreichen. Wir entwickeln auf der Basis dieser {\"u}berraschenden Erkenntnis Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r k{\"u}nftige empirische Untersuchungen. Die Vorschl{\"a}ge gehen von der Annahme aus, dass in wohlhabenden Gesellschaften mit hohem Reichtum nicht mehr nur materielle, sondern verst{\"a}rkt immaterielle Lebensbedingungen {\"u}ber die Verteilung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit entscheiden. Als entscheidender Parameter wird die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden, „salutogenen" Potenzialen und Kompetenzen des Selbstmanagement in benachteiligten Gruppen der Bev{\"o}lkerung postuliert.}, language = {de} } @article{HurrelmannQuenzel, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Quenzel, Gudrun}, title = {Geschlecht und Schulerfolg: Ein soziales Stratifikationsmuster kehrt sich um}, series = {K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie und Soziologie}, volume = {62}, journal = {K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie und Soziologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {0023-2653}, doi = {10.1007/s11577-010-0091-4}, pages = {61 -- 91}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag suchen wir nach m{\"o}glichen Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r die seit einigen Jahrzehnten abfallende schulische Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der jungen M{\"a}nner. Hierzu analysieren wir die vorliegenden Studien und schlagen ein sozialisationstheoretisch fundiertes Erkl{\"a}rungsmodell vor, das die bisherigen Ans{\"a}tze aufnimmt und weiterf{\"u}hrt. Im Zentrum steht dabei das Konzept der „Entwicklungsaufgaben". Die zentrale These lautet: Die schlechte schulische Leistungsbilanz der jungen M{\"a}nner ist nicht alleine durch Faktoren zu erkl{\"a}ren, die sich auf ihr Zur{\"u}ckbleiben im Bildungssystem selbst und damit auf ihre mangelnde Auseinandersetzung mit der Entwicklungsaufgabe „Qualifikation" beziehen. Vielmehr kann sie nur dann erkl{\"a}rt werden, wenn auch die Probleme bei der Bew{\"a}ltigung der anderen f{\"u}r die junge Generation typischen Entwicklungsaufgaben „Bindung", „Regeneration" und „Partizipation" mit herangezogen werden. Diese Bew{\"a}ltigung gelingt, wie die ausgewerteten Untersuchungen zeigen, unter den heutigen Sozialisationsbedingungen den Sch{\"u}lerinnen besser als den Sch{\"u}lern. Damit tritt ein soziologisch sehr seltenes Ereignis ein, n{\"a}mlich die Umkehrung der Richtung einer seit Generationen etablierten sozialen Stratifikation. Nicht mehr junge M{\"a}nner, sondern junge Frauen erwerben die privilegierten Titel des Bildungssystems und damit die formal aussichtsreicheren Anwartschaften auf sp{\"a}teren beruflichen Status. Als Schlussfolgerung ergibt sich aus dieser Analyse, dass eine isolierte Verst{\"a}rkung der gezielten Leistungsf{\"o}rderung von m{\"a}nnlichen Sch{\"u}lern nur begrenzt zielf{\"u}hrend sein kann. Vielmehr l{\"a}sst sich das relative Leistungsdefizit von jungen M{\"a}nnern nur dann langfristig abbauen, wenn auch ihre Kompetenzdefizite in allen anderen Entwicklungsbereichen ausgeglichen werden, die wichtigen gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen einer individualisierten Leistungsgesellschaft entsprechen.}, language = {de} } @article{QuenzelHurrelmann2012, author = {Quenzel, Gudrun and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, title = {The growing gender gap in education}, series = {International Journal of Adolescence and Youth}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Adolescence and Youth}, number = {2}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0267-3843}, doi = {10.1080/02673843.2012.665168}, pages = {69 -- 84}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Young women, and not young men, acquire the privileged diplomas offered by the educational system, and it is they who obtain the more promising career prospects. In this paper, we seek to identify factors that account for the declining school performance of boys and young men. After reviewing and analysing the international literature on gender and education, we integrate various explanatory approaches into a comprehensive socialisation model. The model focuses on the developmental tasks young men face during adolescence. Our central thesis is that the declining school performance of young men cannot be fully explained by their failure to cope with the developmental task 'qualification'. Rather, the three other central clusters of developmental tasks - 'social attachment', 'regeneration', and 'participation' - have to be incorporated. The crucial implication is that supporting young men at school will show only limited results. Rather, to improve the school performance of young men, it is also necessary to address their deficits in coping with the other developmental tasks.}, language = {en} } @article{HurrelmannReinhardtNoacketal., author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Reinhardt, C.H. and Noack, M. J. and Wassmer, G. and Klein, K.}, title = {A strategy for encouraging young adult's adoption of a preferred oral hygiene technique}, series = {Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry}, volume = {8}, journal = {Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Quintessenz Publ.}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1602-1622}, doi = {10.3290/j.ohpd.a18805}, pages = {3 -- 8}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Adherence to dental preventive programmes in young adults is low. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to evaluate whether tutoring peers can be a compliance-enhancing tool or not. METHODS: In Part 1, two randomly selected classes (49 female students, mean age 19.8 + or - 2.3 years) were taught adult toothbrushing technique (the modified Bass technique) in a project-like manner. After the course, knowledge was tested using a class test, and compliance was evaluated using anonymous quantitative questionnaires. Compliance was defined as a reported degree of change from the easy-to-learn childhood toothbrushing techniques to the more efficient and challenging Bass technique. In Part 2 of the present longitudinal study, the compliance of these students was re-evaluated after having developed and applied themselves a programme of how to tutor peers in oral health. Re-evaluation of compliance was performed after 3 and 9 months. RESULTS: In Part 1, 28.5\% of the students were compliant after 1 week. Compared with Part 1, the compliance in Part 2 was significantly higher (P u 0.001), both after 3 months (90\%) and after 9 months (82\%). CONCLUSIONS: Tutoring peers can significantly enhance the compliance over a period of 9 months. Tutoring can function as a form of empowerment and can establish a strong sustained health engagement. Tutoring peers in health-related subjects can readily be implemented in schools and might be an additional means of oral health promotion with fewer additional costs.}, language = {en} } @article{RichterRathmannNicGabhainnetal., author = {Richter, Matthias and Rathmann, Katharina and Nic Gabhainn, S. and Zambon, A. and Boyce, W. and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, title = {Welfare state regimes, health and health inequalities in adolescence: A multilevel analysis in 32 countries}, series = {Sociology of Health and Illness}, volume = {34}, journal = {Sociology of Health and Illness}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken (NJ) [u.a.]}, issn = {1467-9566}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01433.x}, pages = {858 -- 879}, abstract = {Comparative research on health and health inequalities has recently started to establish a welfare regime perspective. The objective of this study was to determine whether different welfare regimes are associated with health and health inequalities among adolescents. Data were collected from the 'Health Behaviour in School-aged Children' study in 2006, including 11- to 15-year-old students from 32 countries (N = 141,091). Prevalence rates and multilevel logistic regression models were calculated for self-rated health (SRH) and health complaints. The results show that between 4 per cent and 7 per cent of the variation in both health outcomes is attributable to differences between countries. Compared to the Scandinavian regime, the Southern regime had lower odds ratios for SRH, while for health complaints the Southern and Eastern regime showed high odds ratios. The association between subjective health and welfare regime was largely unaffected by adjusting for individual socioeconomic position. After adjustment for the welfare regime typology, the country-level variations were reduced to 4.6 per cent for SRH and to 2.9 per cent for health complaints. Regarding cross-level interaction effects between welfare regimes and socioeconomic position, no clear regime-specific pattern was found. Consistent with research on adults this study shows that welfare regimes are important in explaining variations in adolescent health across countries.}, language = {en} } @article{HurrelmannQuenzelSchneekloth, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Quenzel, Gudrun and Schneekloth, Ulrich}, title = {Lebenslagen, Einstellungen und Perspektiven der Jugendlichen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der 16. Shell Jugendstudie}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Jugendkriminalrecht und Jugendhilfe (ZJJ)}, volume = {22}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Jugendkriminalrecht und Jugendhilfe (ZJJ)}, number = {1}, publisher = {DVJJ}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {1612-1864}, pages = {28 -- 33}, abstract = {Die 16. Shell Jugendstudie zeichnet das Bild einer zuversichtlichen jungen Generation in Deutschland. Diese Generation l{\"a}sst sich weder durch die Wirtschaftskrise noch durch die unsicher gewordenen Berufsverl{\"a}ufe und Perspektiven von ihrer optimistischen Grundhaltung abbringen. Mit den Herausforderungen in Alltag, Beruf und Gesellschaft gehen Jugendliche auch weiterhin pragmatisch um. Pr{\"a}gend f{\"u}r diese Generation sind insbesondere eine starke Leistungsorientierung und ein ausgepr{\"a}gter Sinn f{\"u}r soziale Beziehungen. Daneben lassen sich erste Anzeichen einer Repolitisierung erkennen.}, language = {de} } @article{HurrelmannAndresenSchneekloth, author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Andresen, Sabine and Schneekloth, Ulrich}, title = {Care and freedom: Theoretical and empirical aspects of children's wellbeing}, series = {Child Indicators Research}, volume = {5}, journal = {Child Indicators Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, issn = {1874-897X}, doi = {10.1007/s12187-012-9154-6}, pages = {437 -- 448}, abstract = {In 2007, we published the first survey on children in Germany. In that "1st World Vision Children Study," we decided to perform more than just a representative and standardized questionnaire survey of 1,600 children aged 8-11 years. We also chose to carry out qualitative interviews linked together with a game, and to extend these interviews to include children from the age of 6 years onward. One important finding of the 2007 survey was the devastating impact of social inequality on children's lives and the growing numbers of children who experience poverty. In 2010, we published a new survey of children, the "2nd World Vision Study." This covered a sample of 2,500 children aged 6 to 11 years. We added some questions on the feelings and everyday life experiences children have when they are poor. We also included questions on respect, and self-efficacy. Both studies are based on a concept of child well-being. We consider that the World Vision Study of 2010 delivers one major finding: What contributes to the well-being of children in Germany is the granting of freedoms and the experiences of autonomy embedded among experiences of parental care within committed relationships. Hence, it is precisely a combination of freedom and parental care, of co-determination and protection that leads to a high life satisfaction in 6- to 11-year-olds.(Publishers Information)}, language = {en} } @article{HurrelmannBollertBorgelteretal., author = {Hurrelmann, Klaus and Bollert, G. and Borgelter, B. and Geuter, G. and H{\"o}ppner, H. and Probst, A.}, title = {Bezugswissenschaften der Physiotherapie: Soziologie und Gesundheitswissenschaften / Public Health}, series = {physioscience}, volume = {5}, journal = {physioscience}, number = {4}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart [u.a.]}, issn = {1860-3092}, doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1109890}, pages = {174 -- 183}, abstract = {Background: Since in three preceeding articles already five possible reference sciences of physiotherapy (philosophy, medicine, sports sciences, pedagogics and psychology) were portrayed this last one outlines sociology and health sciences/public health. While philosophy made the start due to its fundamental importance for all sciences the second article illustrated medicine and sports sciences which both are characterised by a historical and content closeness to physiotherapy. The third article investigated the relevance of pedagogics and psychology for physiotherapy, two disciplines which tend to focus on individual processes and structures. The two disciplines to be outlined in this article sociology and health sciences/public health, however, are characterised by their social perspective. Objective/method: Like in the preceeding articles the disciplines are first outlined by an expert in view of their historical development as a discipline and their over the years emerging subsets, their central purpose and last but not least their current challenges. Following on from this two further experts substantiate exemplary the possible transfer potential for physiotherapy. Results: Not only with the background of limited resources, growing competition and rising health products plurality in the health sector, it is becoming increasingly important for physiotherapy to professionalise and develop not only in its occupational group. It is rather called upon to position itself in society and its health-care system as well as to actively involve its physiotherapeutic competence in view of new challenges. Both sociology and health sciences offer physiotherapy useful perspectives, theories, methods and techniques. Conclusions: A prospective physiotherapy science can use valuable impulses out of all seven disciplines portrayed in this article series for its further development and constitution. Apart from dealing with highlighted disciplines it is necessary to develop supplemental reference sciences and to critically investigate their potential for physiotherapy. In this process it is important for all loans from other disciplines to perform an appropriate objective and content transfer into physiotherapeutic questions and not attach great importance to the physiotherapeutic context per se without evaluation.}, language = {de} }