@phdthesis{Sorg, author = {Sorg, Alexander}, title = {Understanding Foreign Deployed Nuclear Weapons}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5086}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50862}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {vii, 144}, abstract = {This dissertation delves into the complex dynamics of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. Scholarly work on nuclear weapons has predominantly focused on strategic forces. However, many escalation scenarios foresee the use of tactical nuclear weapons as a precursor, which could eventually lead to an all-out nuclear war. These are exactly the weapons that the United States has deployed across the world, and we know little about their strategic causes and consequences. My study addresses this gap in the literature. The first part of this dissertation investigates the causes of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. It emphasizes the importance of assurance, which has commonly been neglected or subsumed under non-proliferation. Through a comprehensive conceptualization, I distinguish assurance from other strategies of interstate interaction, explaining how the U.S. uses nuclear weapon deployments to assure allies and maintain its sphere of influence. Utilizing an original dataset, I find evidence that largely confirms my assurance hypotheses. With regard to alternative explanations, the power projection hypotheses are supported, but the extended deterrence hypotheses are not. These results contribute to the underdeveloped literature on assurance and provide valuable insights into the strategic considerations underlying U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. The second part, which is co-authored with Julian Wucherpfennig, examines the consequences of U.S. military deployments, both conventional and nuclear. The theory of free-riding in military alliances postulates that member states piggyback on security commitments by guardian states. We argue that free-riding critically implies that foreign military deployments positively affect subjective feelings of security - in other words: that they assure. In contrast, if citizens hold skeptical views of the guardian or do not subscribe to the (extended) deterrence logic, they might experience an increase in threat perception. We investigate how foreign military deployments impact attitudes toward defense policies in host states through an observational data analysis and a survey experiment. While nuclear and conventional troop deployments decrease citizens' subjective need for defense, they do not necessarily increase their sense of protection, challenging the logic of free-riding. Taken together, my findings suggest a mismatch between objectives and outcomes. While I find evidence that nuclear weapons are deployed to assure allies, this aim does not appear to be effective at the micro-level.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EdmondsonKrafftFlachslandetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Edmondson, Duncan and Krafft, Oskar and Flachsland, Christian and van Ballegooy, Christian}, title = {Governance capacities in reflexive climate policymaking: the scope, role, and institutional arrangements of policy mix evaluation in the German domestic buildings sector}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.48485/pik.2023.011}, pages = {129}, abstract = {Residential buildings directly contribute 11\% to local greenhouse gas emissions and up to 40\% of total emissions when accounting for energy use for electricity generation. In order to achieve the climate targets in line with the Federal Climate Protection Act, increased ambition level of climate policy instruments is required in this sector. In this research, we are interested in the governance of this sector and the role of evaluation: the government-mandated processes used to evaluate policy in terms of the actors, organisations and ministries involved in executing and coordinating these processes; and the metrics and methods as well as the scope and granularity of evaluations. The report follows a mixed methods research design, utilising multiple sources of primary data for triangulation. We combine 14 expert interviews with content analysis of published reports to investigate the quality and scope of the current evaluation procedures in place. Building on institutional and evaluation literatures, the research offers an enhanced understanding of the content, scope and processes of ex-post evaluation of policy instruments.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Fritzsche, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Fritzsche, Miriam}, title = {De-industrialization, local joblessness and the male-female employment gap}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 40}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5427}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54270}, pages = {73}, abstract = {Across industrialized countries, regional disparities in labor market outcomes and income have increased in recent decades. This paper investigates how one of the largest localized labor demand shocks tied to the beginning of de-industrialization- the decline of the mining industry between 1960 and 2010 - affects labor market outcomes in the long run. The analysis relies on a new panel data set based on digitized census records from Belgium, France, the UK, and Germany that allows to trace labor market adjustments over 60 years for the male and female working-age population separately. For the causal estimation, I use an IV-shift share approach that exploits exogenous variation in the shifts induced by increased seaborne trade of energy substitutes and the share given by geological rock strata to predict mining activity. The male population disproportionately suffered under this (early) de-industrialization shock and the subsequent job loss. For the male population, the employment-population ratio has not yet recovered resulting in persistent local joblessness. In contrast, the female working-age population experienced a strong catch-up in employment and participation. I find that at the aggregate level, a substantial, albeit time-lagged population response paired with a strong increase in female participation rates fully compensate for the loss of male jobs over the decades. As a consequence, the male-female employment gap shrinks over time.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BarronFries, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Barron, Kai and Fries, Tilman}, title = {Narrative Persuasion}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 39}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5426}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54266}, pages = {95}, abstract = {We study how one person may shape the way another person interprets objective information. They do this by proposing a sense-making explanation (or narrative). Using a theory-driven experiment, we investigate the mechanics of such narrative persuasion. Our results reveal several insights. First, narratives are persuasive: We find that they systematically shift beliefs. Second, narrative fit (coherence with the facts) is a key determinant of persuasiveness. Third, this fit-heuristic is anticipated by narrative-senders, who systematically tailor their narratives to the facts. Fourth, the features of a competing narrative predictably influence both narrative construction and adoption.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KoelleQuerciaTripodi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {K{\"o}lle, Felix and Quercia, Simone and Tripodi, Egon}, title = {Social Preferences under the Shadow of the Future}, edition = {CESifo Working Paper No. 10534}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4506320}, pages = {63}, abstract = {Social interactions predominantly take place under the shadow of the future. Previous literature explains cooperation in indefinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma as predominantly driven by self-interested strategic considerations. This paper provides a causal test of the importance of social preferences for cooperation, varying the composition of interactions to be either homogeneous or heterogeneous in terms of these preferences. Through a series of pre-registered experiments (N = 1,074), we show that groups of prosocial individuals achieve substantially higher levels of cooperation. The cooperation gap between prosocial and selfish groups persists even when the shadow of the future is increased to make cooperation attractive for the selfish and when common knowledge about group composition is removed.}, language = {en} } @techreport{RothSchwardmannTripodi, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Roth, Christopher and Schwardmann, Peter and Tripodi, Egon}, title = {Depression Stigma}, edition = {CESifo Working Paper No. 11012}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4772585}, pages = {84}, abstract = {Throughout history, people with mental illness have been discriminated against and stigmatized. Our experiment provides a new measure of perceived depression stigma and then investigates the causal effect of perceived stigma on help-seeking in a sample of 1,844 Americans suffering from depression. A large majority of our participants overestimate the extent of stigma associated with depression. In contrast to prior correlational evidence, lowering perceived social stigma through an information intervention leads to a reduction in the demand for psychotherapy. A mechanism experiment reveals that this information increases optimism about future mental health, thereby reducing the perceived need for therapy.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Hustedt, author = {Hustedt, Thurid}, title = {Die Verwaltungssysteme}, series = {Nordeuropa: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, booktitle = {Nordeuropa: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, editor = {Henningsen, Bernd}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-8699-2}, doi = {10.5771/9783748930914-253}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {253 -- 261}, language = {de} } @techreport{OPUS4-5417, type = {Working Paper}, title = {Stellungnahme zum Diskussionsvorschlag "Ein faires Unterhaltsrecht f{\"u}r Trennungsfamilien: Eckpunkte des Bundesministeriums der Justiz zur Modernisierung des Unterhaltsrechts"}, publisher = {Wissenschaftlicher Beirat f{\"u}r Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend}, pages = {7}, language = {de} } @techreport{MiraldoSassiShaikhetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Miraldo, Marisa and Sassi, Franco and Shaikh, Mujaheed and Simmons, Bryony and Vrinten, Charlotte}, title = {The development and market launch of orphan drugs from 1980 - 2019: a quantitative analysis}, publisher = {Rare2030}, pages = {83}, language = {en} } @techreport{SharmamShekarRizvietal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Sharmam, Vaishnavi and Shekar, Kamesh and Rizvi, Kazim and Ananth, Pavan and Chhetri, Deepshika and Shaikh, Mujaheed}, title = {Exchange of Knowledge Across the Lifecycle of Digital Health Initiatives: A Cooperative Knowledge Transfer Between India and the EU}, publisher = {EU-India Think Tanks Twinning Initiative}, pages = {57}, abstract = {The European Union ("EU") and India, two of the most significant jurisdictions in the world, are in the process of introducing transformative legal and policy instruments that seek to leverage digital technologies for health. On 15 August 2020, India unveiled its National Digital Health Mission policy - later rolled out as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission ("ABDM") - that seeks to create an open, interoperable digital health ecosystem in the country, enabling various digital health systems to engage with each other and empower individuals to be in control of their health data. On the other hand, on 3rd May 2022, the EU released a proposal for a regulation for a European Health Data Space ("EHDS") to address health-specific challenges to electronic health data access and sharing and create a common space where natural persons can easily control their electronic health data. However, considering these jurisdictions' geographical, cultural, and historical dispositions, various concerns emerge that may cause hindrance to these projects. While the EU has demonstrated its highlyadvanced approach towards policy-making in data-relevant domains, including health, India has showcased its efficiency and experience in scaling data systems and making them interoperable. Accordingly, this research paper highlights certain specific policy- and implementation-level concerns that both jurisdictions need to pay heed to while going ahead with their respective projects. Additionally, after studying the various digital healthcare ecosystems in these jurisdictions, the paper makes certain recommendations to work towards a seamless design, development, deployment, and operation of the frameworks.}, language = {en} }