@article{Calı, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {Optimism in International Human Rights Law Scholarship}, series = {American Journal of International Law}, volume = {118}, journal = {American Journal of International Law}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, issn = {0002-9300}, doi = {10.1017/ajil.2024.3}, pages = {374 -- 387}, abstract = {As a field of practice, international human rights law (IHRL) is in constant motion. The four books under review explore the legal, political, and civic dynamics that continuously shape and reshape this vibrant area of law. In this Essay, I underscore two important trends in contemporary IHRL scholarship that these books highlight. First, these works share a strong emphasis on agency, understood as human action that makes a difference in the world, be it the agency of individuals, domestic civil society organizations, transnational organizations, or courts. Highlighting agency, rather than overarching political, economic, and social structures, in turn shifts the attention from human rights law and doctrine "in the books" to an understanding of human rights law as a purposive and dynamic practice.}, language = {en} } @article{Steininger, author = {Steininger, Silvia}, title = {Where is the l(ove)? Excavating law and labour in The Redress of Law}, series = {European Law Open}, volume = {2}, journal = {European Law Open}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, issn = {2752-6135}, doi = {10.1017/elo.2023.17}, pages = {151 -- 161}, abstract = {In his monograph The Redress of Law, Emilios Christodoulidis provides a sophisticated genealogical study of the emergence of total market thinking in Europe. With market constitutionalism having sidelined political constitutionalism, the potential of law to organise the political community is significantly restricted. By examining the commodification of labour, processes of bargaining, unemployment, and strikes, Christodoulidis demonstrates the destructive consequences of law in the service of market rationalities as well as its potential for strategic action to build collective identity in the EU (European Union). Yet, I argue that this book comes with two significant blind spots, namely a dated understanding of both law and labour. First of all, Christodoulidis's systems theoretical understanding of law is neglecting the material conditions that law continuously re-produces in the course of globalization. Secondly, his vision of labour remains rather traditional, focused on unionised, white, and male workers. Both elements are central pillars of his analysis but do not reflect the current reality of the 21st century. In this Article, I challenge his conceptualization by situating his work in recent research on the role of law and labour regulation in global capitalism.}, language = {en} } @article{Steininger, author = {Steininger, Silvia}, title = {Talks, Dinners, and Envelopes at Nightfall: The Politicization of Informality at the Bundesverfassungsgericht}, series = {German Law Journal}, volume = {24}, journal = {German Law Journal}, number = {8}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, issn = {2071-8322}, doi = {10.1017/glj.2023.72}, pages = {1300 -- 1322}, abstract = {The German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) has for decades used informality to establish, build, and protect its authority. Yet, as the political landscape has shifted in recent years, in particular since the end of the Merkel-era Grand Coalition and the rise of the right-wing populist AfD, several longstanding informal practices and institutions have become politicized. Those concern extra-judicial activities of judges, regular informal meetings between the Court and the government, and privileged early access to the Court's press releases for certain journalists. This Article first introduces various forms of informality that the BVerfG employs in its internal self-administration and the judicial-legal culture in general, before tracing how, why, and by whom the three aforementioned practices of informality are challenged. Ultimately, this Article analyzes how the Court and its judges respond to the politicization of informality, and in particular how it triggered processes of formalization of judicial behavior and changes in institutional communication.}, language = {en} } @article{Palmiotto, author = {Palmiotto, Francesca}, title = {When Is a Decision Automated? A Taxonomy for a Fundamental Rights Analysis}, series = {German Law Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {German Law Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, issn = {2071-8322}, doi = {10.1017/glj.2023.112}, pages = {210 -- 236}, abstract = {This Article addresses the pressing issues surrounding the use of automated systems in public decision-making, specifically focusing on migration, asylum, and mobility. Drawing on empirical data, this Article examines the potential and limitations of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act in effectively addressing the challenges posed by automated decision-making (ADM). The Article argues that the current legal definitions and categorizations of ADM fail to capture the complexity and diversity of real-life applications where automated systems assist human decision-makers rather than replace them entirely. To bridge the gap between ADM in law and practice, this Article proposes to move beyond the concept of "automated decisions" and complement the legal protection in the GDPR and AI Act with a taxonomy that can inform a fundamental rights analysis. This taxonomy enhances our understanding of ADM and allows to identify the fundamental rights at stake and the sector-specific legislation applicable to ADM. The Article calls for empirical observations and input from experts in other areas of public law to enrich and refine the proposed taxonomy, thus ensuring clearer conceptual frameworks to safeguard individuals in our increasingly algorithmic society.}, language = {en} } @article{PalmiottoOzkul, author = {Palmiotto, Francesca and Ozkul, Derya}, title = {Contesting automation: the NewTech Litigation Database}, series = {Forced Migration Review}, journal = {Forced Migration Review}, number = {73}, abstract = {Informed litigation is vital to uphold the rights of migrants subject to automated decision-making. This article introduces the NewTech Litigation Database, a tool for anyone seeking to contest the use of automated systems in migration and asylum processes.}, language = {en} } @article{PalmiottoGonzalez, author = {Palmiotto, Francesca and Gonz{\´a}lez, Natalia Men{\´e}ndez}, title = {Facial recognition technology, democracy and human rights}, series = {Computer Law \& Security Review}, volume = {50}, journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0267-3649}, doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105857}, abstract = {On 4 July 2023, the Third Section of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered the first judgment on the compatibility of facial recognition technology with human rights in Glukhin v. Russia. The case concerned the use of facial recognition technology (FRT) against Mr Glukhin following his solo demonstration in the Moscow underground. The Court unanimously found a violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private life) and Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). Regarding FRT, the Court concluded that the use of highly intrusive technology is incompatible with the ideals and values of a democratic society governed by the rule of law. This case note analyses the judgment and shows its relevance in the current regulatory debate on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in Europe. Notwithstanding the importance of this decision, we argue that the Court has left crucial questions unanswered.}, language = {en} } @article{Gruev, author = {Gruev, Ivo}, title = {Responsive Judicial Review in Kelsenian Constitutional Courts: The Impeding Effects of Limited Standing and Formalism}, series = {Review of Central and East European Law}, volume = {48}, journal = {Review of Central and East European Law}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Brill}, issn = {0925-9880}, doi = {10.1163/15730352-bja10085}, pages = {426 -- 444}, abstract = {This paper is concerned with the question of whether constitutional systems that have adopted the centralised, "Kelsenian", model of judicial review, which is prevalent in Eastern Europe, can engage in "responsive judicial review" (Dixon, 2023). It focuses on two features that can be associated with the constitutional courts created in this region after the end of communism, which, the paper argues, can significantly hamper their capacity to identify and counter democratic blockages. These are: (1) their limited standing rules that prioritise the access of political bodies to constitutional courts, and (2) the latter's commitment to formalism, which can prevent judges from engaging with the structural and contextual issues that are causing a democratic blockage.}, language = {en} } @article{DemirGuerselTheilen, author = {Demir-G{\"u}rsel, Esra and Theilen, Jens T.}, title = {Framing Europe in Human Rights, Framing Human Rights in Europe: Authoritarianism, Migration, and Climate Change in the Council of Europe}, series = {ESIL Reflections}, volume = {12}, journal = {ESIL Reflections}, number = {4}, language = {en} } @article{DemirGuersel, author = {Demir-G{\"u}rsel, Esra}, title = {Silvia von Steinsdorff, Ece G{\"o}ztepe, Maria Abad Andrade, and Felix Petersen. The Constitutional Court of Turkey - Between Legal and Political Reasoning. Baden-Baden, Nomos 2022, 720 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-8487-4632-3, € 149.-.}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Rechtssoziologie}, volume = {43}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Rechtssoziologie}, number = {2}, issn = {2366-0392}, doi = {10.1515/zfrs-2023-1015}, pages = {386 -- 391}, language = {en} } @article{Auz, author = {Auz, Juan}, title = {The Political Ecology of Climate Remedies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparing Compliance between National and Inter-American Litigation}, series = {Journal of Human Rights Practice}, volume = {16}, journal = {Journal of Human Rights Practice}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, issn = {1757-9627}, doi = {10.1093/jhuman/huad057}, pages = {182 -- 207}, abstract = {The climate crisis will continue to affect human and natural systems across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Undoubtedly, this jeopardizes entire communities' enjoyment of human rights. In that context, the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) is expected to respond, particularly since its organs have jurisdiction to order remedies over most LAC countries, provided they determine a rights violation. Despite the growing number of domestic human rights-based climate cases in the region, the organs of the IAHRS have yet to adjudicate and order remedies in a case concerning the climate crisis. Against this backdrop, this article inquires how to understand climate remedies from a political ecology perspective to capture the LAC climate litigation experience. Additionally, the article asks what the challenges of implementing such remedies may be. To answer these questions, first, it compares the remedial approaches of domestic courts in six finally decided climate-related cases with those of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) in 'anti-extractivist' cases. Second, it applies a political ecology lens to understand the elements that might hinder the implementation of the identified remedies. The article argues that the socioeconomic cost for States largely determines remedial compliance in domestic climate litigation and the IACtHR's anti-extractivist litigation. Ultimately, the aim is to anticipate the future of climate remedies and their effectiveness at the IACtHR based on present climate litigation in LAC.}, language = {en} } @article{Baranowska, author = {Baranowska, Grażyna}, title = {Protecting the Good Name of the Nation as Memory Law}, series = {European Constitutional Law Review}, volume = {19}, journal = {European Constitutional Law Review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, issn = {1574-0196}, doi = {10.1017/S1574019623000214}, pages = {623 -- 641}, abstract = {Memory laws - Protecting the good name of the nation - de facto memory laws - Prohibiting statements about the past - Article 301 of the Turkish Criminal Code - Protecting the good name of Poland and the Polish nation - Protecting the good name of the nation as de facto memory laws - Role of organisations in implementing the laws - Rule of law - Independence of the judiciary - European Court of Human Rights - Chilling effect - European memory politics}, language = {en} } @incollection{Welfens, author = {Welfens, Natalie}, title = {Resettlement}, series = {Flucht- und Fl{\"u}chtlingsforschung: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, booktitle = {Flucht- und Fl{\"u}chtlingsforschung: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, editor = {Scharrer, Tabea and Glorius, Birgit and Kleist, J. Olaf and Berlinghoff, Marcel}, publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH \& Co. KG}, isbn = {9783748921905}, doi = {10.5771/9783748921905}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {489 -- 496}, language = {de} } @incollection{ZieglerVolou, author = {Ziegler, Katja S. and Volou, Aristi}, title = {Human rights and general principles: beyond the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights}, series = {Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law}, booktitle = {Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law}, editor = {Ziegler, Katja S. and Neuvonen, P{\"a}ivi J. and Moreno-Lax, Violeta}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781784712389}, doi = {10.4337/9781784712389.00027}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {327 -- 349}, abstract = {This chapter discusses the dialectic relationship of general principles and the evolution of human rights in the EU legal order. Human (or fundamental) rights are of specific signifcance for general principles as an area of reference in a number of ways: in regard to the methodology of defining and identifying general principles; their link to constitutional values of the EU, the relationship between different sources of human rights in the EU; the relationship between unwritten general principles and a codified source; the specific, active and multidimensional dynamics of general principles in the context of fundamental rights; the relationship of general principles in the area of fundamental rights with their codification in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights; and their possible continued relevance for courts in adjudicating human rights in the UK in post-Brexit.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KoeybaşıTurkut, author = {K{\"o}yba{\c{s}}{\i}, Serkan and Turkut, Emre}, title = {Turkey}, series = {The I·CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law}, booktitle = {The I·CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law}, editor = {Albert, Richard and Landau, David and Faraguna, Pietro and Drugda, Simon}, publisher = {Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy}, isbn = {978-0-692-15916-3}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {358 -- 362}, language = {en} } @incollection{Turkut, author = {Turkut, Emre}, title = {The Turkish Post-Coup Emergency and European Responses: Shortcomings in the European System Revisited}, series = {European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022}, booktitle = {European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022}, editor = {Czech, Philip and Heschl, Lisa and Lukas, Karin and Nowak, Manfred and Oberleitner, Gerd}, publisher = {Intersentia}, isbn = {9781839703447}, doi = {10.1017/9781839703447.016}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {445 -- 482}, abstract = {This contribution takes Turkey's use of the derogation mechanism in the aftermath of the failed military coup of 15 July 2016 as a springboard to critically address the operation and the fallacies of the contemporary European derogation regime. The assessment will reveal whether the European system of human rights protection has succeeded in adopting an adequate and viable approach that can counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. The contribution concludes by providing a road map proposal for adequate oversight marked by rigorous scrutiny of derogation claims that can be described as a 'consultation and cooperation process'. This process would place the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in a more active and operationally focused position to influence state decisions, to counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and to formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SherwoodLemayCostello, author = {Sherwood, Angela and Lemay, Isabelle and Costello, Cathryn}, title = {IOM's Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties}, series = {IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion}, booktitle = {IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion}, editor = {Bradley, Megan and Costello, Cathryn and Sherwood, Angela}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781009184175}, doi = {10.1017/9781009184175.016}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {360 -- 396}, abstract = {This chapter analyses IOM's practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM's normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states' 'prerogative' to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM's involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM's changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers 'elsewhere.' The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM's practice risks expanding and legitimating detention.}, language = {en} } @article{WelfensBonjour, author = {Welfens, Natalie and Bonjour, Saskia}, title = {Seeking Legitimacy Through Knowledge Production: The Politics of Monitoring and Evaluation of the EU Trust Fund for Africa}, series = {JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies}, volume = {61}, journal = {JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0021-9886}, doi = {10.1111/jcms.13434}, pages = {951 -- 969}, abstract = {Monitoring and evaluation (M\&E) is a form of expert knowledge that is central to migration governance. This article analyses M\&E of the EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), created in 2015 to 'fight the root causes of migration'. Combining institutionalist accounts with practice theory, we examine whether M\&E knowledge production served the instrumental purpose of assessing policy impact or mainly legitimated particular policy actors and positions. We find that M\&E did not produce evidence on whether the EUTF met its objectives. However, in the context of the EU's multiple crises, M\&E knowledge production served to seek legitimacy not only for the EUTF, but also for the further fusion of development and migration policies, and for the EU as a competent and transparent actor. Our analysis highlights that knowledge use and knowledge production are connected, and that M\&E knowledge politics allow for the legitimation of both actors and policies.}, language = {en} } @article{Turkut, author = {Turkut, Emre}, title = {Emergency Powers, Constitutional (Self-)Restraint and Judicial Politics: the Turkish Constitutional Court During the COVID-19 Pandemic}, series = {Jus Cogens}, volume = {4}, journal = {Jus Cogens}, issn = {2524-3977}, doi = {10.1007/s42439-022-00064-7}, pages = {263 -- 284}, abstract = {This paper investigates the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC)'s treatment of legal challenges brought against Turkey's legal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a detailed examination of the TCC's institutional features, political origins and jurisprudential trajectory, and taking three politically salient judgments of the TCC concerning Turkey's executive-dominated pandemic control as the point of departure, the paper argues that the TCC chose to exercise judicial restraint both in protecting fundamental rights and reviewing pandemic policies of the executive. It also argues that the TCC's judicial restraint during the pandemic was simply the re-manifestation of its 'play-it-safe' strategy — a judicial stance the TCC willingly adopted in the aftermath of the 2016 attempted coup despite possessing strong constitutional powers of judicial review, and its established attitude of assertive scrutiny in the past. From a more theoretical perspective, the analysis also explores how the passive role to which the TCC is consigned in an increasingly authoritarian regime since the 2016 failed coup relates to the global phenomenon of judicialization of authoritarian politics.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Auz, author = {Auz, Juan}, title = {Dissecting the Inter-American Human Rights System in the Age of Climate Change}, school = {Hertie School}, abstract = {This dissertation examines, from a socio-legal approach, the implications of the climate crisis on the adjudicative functions of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS). In particular, it focuses on three general aspects of the adjudicative building blocks: access to the climate litigation process, interpretation of the relevant legal norms, and the design and impact of the remedies awarded. To that end, this dissertation comprises six papers addressing one or more of said general aspects. The first paper is about accessing the phenomenon of climate litigation itself. Mapping the legal opportunity structures of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) reveals how human rights-based climate litigation is developing. The multiplication of cases and the inchoate successes are partly explained by the IAHRS's legal standards in the applicant's arguments. However, it contrasts such development by laying bare potential barriers arising from the region's extractivist economies and hyper-presidential constitutional designs. The second and third papers situate the IAHRS in the scholarly descriptions of international human rights and environmental law. It argues that the IAHRS is a relatively progressive space for protecting human rights because of its constant interaction with marginalised communities in LAC. The resultant interpretation of human rights can be crucial in a climate litigation case in the IAHRS. However, filling in the details for the content of the right to a healthy environment and extraterritorial obligations is still pending. The fourth, fifth and sixth papers discuss the tensions between climate litigation and justice in Global South jurisdictions, such as LAC. They explore why climate justice dimensions might be at odds with the results of a successful climate ruling that orders a State to remedy a plaintiff when such a State did not contribute meaningfully to generating and perpetuating the climate crisis in the first place. This tension is transposed to the IAHRS while adding the difficulty of non-compliance with systemic remedial orders. The papers explore how the organs of the IAHRS could address these tensions and reimagine remedies for the climate crisis.}, language = {en} } @article{Wriedt, author = {Wriedt, Vera}, title = {Rezension: The Prohibition of Collective Expulsion in International Law}, series = {Kritische Justiz}, volume = {54}, journal = {Kritische Justiz}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nomos Verlag}, issn = {0023-4834}, doi = {10.5771/0023-4834-2021-2-247}, pages = {255 -- 259}, language = {de} } @article{Galand, author = {Galand, Alexandre Skander}, title = {The Nature of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (and its Amended Jurisdictional Scheme)}, series = {Journal of International Criminal Justice}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal of International Criminal Justice}, number = {5}, issn = {1478-1387}, doi = {10.1093/jicj/mqz051}, pages = {933 -- 956}, abstract = {This article shows that in the 20 years following the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court its nature has surfed on three waves. Building upon the Court's case law on the principle of legality and the immunity of state officials from non-party states, it shows that the Statute was initially conceived to be of universal nature, transcending the interests of all states. However, following a series of pushbacks, the Court revised this case law to rightly acknowledge that its Statute is first of all a multilateral treaty regulating the conduct committed in the territory and by nationals of its states parties. Yet, this second wave maintained the potential for the Statute to be universally applicable when the Court's jurisdiction is based on ad hoc declarations of acceptance or Security Council referrals. However, the journey to amend the Statute to define the crime of aggression and new war crimes might have made the prospects for universal application dependent upon universal ratification. This article argues that this third wave certainly evinces a novel shift towards state consent, but that direct and indirect forms of consent can still premise the Court's jurisdiction over situations concerning states which have not ratified the Statute or its amendments.}, language = {en} } @article{AuzVaca, author = {Auz Vaca, Juan}, title = {La Crisis Clim{\´a}tica y sus impactos en los Derechos: una Mirada en Clave Latinoamericana}, series = {Justicia Ambiental}, journal = {Justicia Ambiental}, number = {11}, issn = {0718-736x}, pages = {41 -- 47}, language = {es} } @misc{OPUS4-5491, title = {Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe}, editor = {De Abreu Duarte, Francisco and Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca}, publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing}, isbn = {9781509955985}, pages = {264}, abstract = {This book imagines how Europe might re-organise and re-group after the COVID-19 crisis by assessing its effectiveness when responding to it. For this purpose, it directs its focus on: i) sovereignty challenges; ii) technological challenges and iii) governance challenges. These three challenges do not present hermetic legal problems, they intersect and connect on many levels. The book shows this by examining the relationship between public and private power, and illustrating how the rise of technocratic authority is deeply connected to the choice of technological solutions. It illustrates how constitutional decisions taken during states of emergency give rise to private governance challenges related to cybersecurity and data protection. Experts from the fields of EU governance, data protection, and technology explore these questions to provide answers to how the EU might develop in the future.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-5489, title = {IOM Unbound? Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion}, editor = {Bradley, Megan and Costello, Cathryn and Sherwood, Angela}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781009184175}, doi = {10.1017/9781009184175}, publisher = {Hertie School}, abstract = {It is an era of expansion for the International Organization for Migration (IOM), an increasingly influential actor in the global governance of migration. Bringing together leading experts in international law and international relations, this collection examines the dynamics and implications of IOM's expansion in a new way. Analyzing IOM as an international organization (IO), the book illuminates the practices, obligations and accountability of this powerful but controversial actor, advancing understanding of IOM itself and broader struggles for IO accountability. The contributions explore key, yet often under-researched, IOM activities including its role in humanitarian emergencies, internal displacement, data collection, ethical labour recruitment, and migrant detention. Offering recommendations for reforms rooted in empirical evidence and careful normative analysis, this is a vital resource for all those interested in the obligations and accountability of international organizations, and in the field of migration.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kleinaltenkamp, author = {Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J.}, title = {The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5487}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54871}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {101}, abstract = {This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain's inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. "Blockchain organizing" refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'{\^e}tre is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as "present-future convergence". Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may "pull" the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AnheierToepler, author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan}, title = {The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges}, series = {The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management}, booktitle = {The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management}, editor = {Renz, David O. and Brown, William A. and Andersson, Fredrik O.}, edition = {5th}, publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, isbn = {978-1-394-19887-0}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {7 -- 29}, language = {en} } @techreport{JansenNguyen, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jansen, Jannik and Nguyen, Thu}, title = {Between Continuity and a Perforated 'Cordon Sanitaire' - On the 2024 European Elections}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Between 6-9 July 2024, the 720 members of the European Parliament were elected across 27 Member States. While the elections have not led to a landslide shift to the right, there is a notable consolidation of far-right parties at the European level. Still, the pro-European centre is holding firm and maintains a majority. In this Policy Brief, Jannik Jansen and Thu Nguyen argue that the results likely indicate by-and-large continuity in the European Parliament, including an ongoing shift to the right on contested issues due to a perforated 'cordon sanitaire'. But the election results had heavily disruptive consequences on the national level, which in France has triggered snap parliamentary elections. This will have pronounced impact on the balance of power in the (European) Council and on the EU as a whole.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Daub, author = {Daub, Sara}, title = {External Diaspora Sponsorship to Rebel Organizations. Causes and Consequences}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5484}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54847}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {xiv, 307}, abstract = {While intrastate conflicts remain the dominant form of armed conflict and migration receives increasing attention, the international dimension of civil wars, particularly non-state sponsorship, has largely been overlooked. This dissertation examines the phenomenon of diasporas as external sponsors in intrastate conflicts. It investigates: (1) Why do diasporas support rebel organizations? (2) Under what conditions is diaspora support more or less likely? (3) How does diaspora sponsorship of rebel organizations impact civilian victimization and rebel governance? To understand the logic of diaspora support, I employ a principal-agent framework. Conflict, rebel group, diaspora, and homeland characteristics are determinants of diaspora sponsorship. I argue that diasporas aim for kin support and changes in the homeland and consequently prefer limited violence against civilians and co-ethnic civilians. Diasporas benefit from delegating the task of combat and limited civilian victimization but risk agency slack. Concurrently, the rebel organization gains additional resources but loses autonomy. I introduce an information-sharing mechanism between co-ethnics in the conflict zone and the diaspora, which enhances the monitoring capability of the diaspora. I employ a mixed-methods approach to answer the research questions. Interviews conducted in the Washington DC area with members of various diasporas and experts provide evidence for the information-sharing between the diaspora and co-ethnics. I produced a unique data set on diaspora support for African and Asian intrastate conflicts between 1989 and 2014. Findings from multiple large-N analyses, utilizing extreme bounds analysis, logistic regression, and negative binomial analyses, serve as the empirical base for examining the causes and consequences of diaspora sponsorship to rebel organizations. I demonstrate that conflict and rebel group characteristics are strong determinants of diaspora sponsorship, while homeland and diaspora characteristics yield mixed results. Diaspora support significantly reduces the number of civilian killings. The impacts on ethnic violence and rebel governance are heterogeneous. Overall, this dissertation enriches our understanding of diasporas' roles as external actors in conflict dynamics and as non-state sponsors for rebel organizations. It opens further avenues for researching civilian-rebel relationships and host country-homeland dynamics. Policy discussions may follow around monitoring of sponsorship activities and the responsibilities of host countries.}, language = {en} } @article{Knudsen, author = {Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Stable or stagnant? Political economy and governance in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany since 2000}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1758-5880}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13271}, pages = {90 -- 103}, abstract = {At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the large democracies of Western Europe experienced some of the most prosperous and peaceful decades in human history. Specifically, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany experienced high and stable quality of life, democratic accountability and state capacity between 2000 and 2019, according to the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index. While all four of these countries are among the top performers in the Index, substantial problems lurk beneath the surface. Notably, each failed to capitalise on the low interest rate environment in the decade following the global financial crisis of 2007-2009—albeit in different ways and for different reasons in each country. In particular, low investment in infrastructure and key technologies, the persistence of stubborn regional inequalities, and resulting sluggish GDP growth have prevented the 'Big Four' in Western Europe from improving further and future-proofing their existing gains.}, language = {en} } @article{Knudsen, author = {Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {Escape from the 'lost decades?' Governance challenges in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1758-5880}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13279}, pages = {113 -- 123}, abstract = {Much of Latin America has experienced a renewed 'lost decade', failing to substantially expand quality of life since the late 2000s. While the outcomes of governance performance across the largest countries - including Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina - have discrete causes, common themes like internal conflict, corruption, and overreliance on natural resources plague the entire region. Put more generally, the inability to turn democratic accountability into a state mechanism able to deliver economic growth and public goods in a sustainable manner is a liability affecting all five countries. To explore the difficulties that the large Latin American countries have faced in the twenty-first century, this article examines results from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index, and then presents three key issues facing the region: insufficient state capacity, flirtations with authoritarianism, and economic inequality and inflation. While the challenges remain substantial, increased regional integration may offer one way out of the predicament.}, language = {en} } @article{Knudsen, author = {Knudsen, Edward L.}, title = {A falling star? Origins of declining state capacity and democratic accountability in the United States}, series = {Global Policy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Global Policy}, number = {S4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1758-5880}, doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.13282}, pages = {47 -- 57}, abstract = {AbstractThe United States—often hailed as the 'oldest democracy in the world' and the 'leader of the free world'—has fallen on hard times. In addition to recent headline-grabbing political events that have highlighted its political dysfunction, data from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) reveal that overall state capacity and democratic accountability have been declining for years. Although public goods provision has remained on a steady course, the US still trails much of the developed world. We find this struggling performance is largely the result of neglecting three types of infrastructure: civic, physical and social. Specifically, we argue that the crisis became particularly pronounced due to an insufficient response to the 2008 global financial crisis. Although some recent political achievements could slow the decline, more drastic action will be required to reverse these troubling trends.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Jaeger, type = {Working Paper}, author = {J{\"a}ger, Philipp}, title = {Almost a free lunch: Boosting investment predictability for the Green Deal}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Implementing the EU Green Deal requires annual investments of about €620 billion, most of which will have to be shouldered by the private sector. However, businesses and households are not investing enough as of now. An important lever for greater green investment is reducing uncertainty around such investment. At the start of the next institutional cycle, the EU should hence improve regulatory certainty for green investments, which should be palatable to most parties likely to form a majority in the Parliament. In addition, the EU should adopt concrete tools that reduce cost uncertainty for companies and households in a pragmatic manner. To this end, this policy position recommends using green lead markets and proposes moves to explore two novel mechanisms that cost taxpayers little to nothing but should boost green investments.}, language = {en} } @techreport{FlachslandEdenhoferZwar, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Flachsland, Christian and Edenhofer, Jacob and Zwar, Claudia}, title = {Eine vertane Chance, aber keine Katastrophe: Die Novelle des Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetzes}, series = {Verfassungsblog}, journal = {Verfassungsblog}, number = {2024/05/06}, doi = {10.59704/2c0758cc33ed9dc3}, language = {de} } @techreport{HunoldPetrishcheva, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hunold, Matthias and Petrishcheva, Vasilisa}, title = {Foreclosure and Profit Shifting with Partial Vertical Ownership}, series = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, journal = {Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers}, edition = {No. 41}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5477}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54774}, pages = {74}, abstract = {We demonstrate how the incentives of firms that partially own their suppliers or customers to foreclose rivals depend on how the partial owner can extract profits from the target. Compared to a fully vertically integrated firm, a partial owner may obtain only a share of the target's profit but influence the target's strategy significantly. We show that the incentives for customer and input foreclosure can be higher, equal, or even lower with partial ownership than with a vertical merger, depending on how the protection of minority shareholders and transfer price regulations affect the scope for profit extraction.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Leichthammer, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Leichthammer, Arthur}, title = {Mining for Tomorrow: The strategic importance of critical raw materials for Europe's industry}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Arthur Leichthammer, Geoeconomics Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Centre, argues that the EU needs a strategic rethink to safeguard its critical raw materials supplies as global competition intensifies.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Quaritsch, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Quaritsch, Luise}, title = {Political Advertising in the 2024 European elections - Between Europeanisation and the protection of electoral integrity online}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Election campaigns are increasingly conducted online. Social media platforms in particular shape political discourse and facilitate new ways of delivering political messages. This was initially considered a boon for democracy, but opaque manipulation tactics quickly turned it into a threat to fair and transparent elections. National regulatory frameworks have often proved to be inadequate for online campaigns and the transnational nature of European elections. The EU has reacted to this with a regulation on political advertising. The initiative facilitates transnational campaigning online and aims to protect the integrity of European elections. The 2024 European elections will be the first time EU rules operate in this area, putting these to the test. This election cycle will indicate whether political actors are striking out for more cross-border campaigns and whether they suffice to protect European elections. Critical here is how online platforms implement the new rules and how transparent they are about campaign-related posts on their sites.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Shahini, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Shahini, Besa}, title = {Towards Enlargement - How to Rebuild Trust in the EU Accession Process}, pages = {8}, abstract = {EU enlargement has historically fostered economic growth and political stability. In the Western Balkans, however, the process has stalled for many years due to the myriad crises afflicting the EU and failure to deliver reforms in the Western Balkans. This policy brief examines the evolution of the EU accession process, the challenges faced by candidate countries, and the need for a revitalized approach that builds reforms into the accession process rather than keep them a precondition for kickstarting it. It calls for the EU to remove bilateral disputes from the process and open accession talks with all candidate countries in all areas covered by the acquis, ensuring that all candidate countries have a fair chance based on their merits.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lohse, author = {Lohse, Anna Prisca}, title = {Higher Education in an Age of Disruption: Comparing European Internationalisation Policies}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783031579110}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-57912-7}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {XXIV, 338}, abstract = {This book investigates European higher education internationalisation policies during a period marked by extreme upheaval due to Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Situating her analysis at the intersection of higher education research and policy studies, the author combines historical and sociological institutionalism to investigate how this time of disruption impacted higher education policies in England, France and Germany. Based on extensive qualitative data derived from expert interviews and document analysis, the study offers timely insights into dynamics of institutional change and stability in higher education governance, as well as implications for the future of cross-border education and internationalisation. The book will appeal to academics and students interested in education policy and the internationalisation of higher education.}, language = {en} } @article{HirthKhannaRuhnau, author = {Hirth, Lion and Khanna, Tarun M. and Ruhnau, Oliver}, title = {How aggregate electricity demand responds to hourly wholesale price fluctuations}, series = {Energy Economics}, volume = {135}, journal = {Energy Economics}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {0140-9883}, doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107652}, abstract = {Electricity needs to be consumed at the very moment of production, leading wholesale prices to fluctuate widely at (sub-)hourly time scales. This article investigates the response of aggregate electricity demand to such price variations. Using wind energy as an instrument, we estimate a significant and robust short-term price elasticity of about -0.05 in Germany and attribute this to industrial consumers. As the share of consumption that is exposed to real-time prices (currently less than 25\%) expands, we expect the aggregated price elasticity to grow.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KreyenfeldSchmauckMika, author = {Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Schmauck, Sarah and Mika, Tatjana}, title = {Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Alterssicherung in Deutschland}, series = {Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplin{\"a}ren Sondierung der Alterssicherung}, booktitle = {Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplin{\"a}ren Sondierung der Alterssicherung}, editor = {Karger-Kroll, Anna and Sch{\"a}fers, Lars}, publisher = {Nomos}, isbn = {978-3-7560-1712-6}, publisher = {Hertie School}, language = {de} } @article{AllcottGentzkowMasonetal., author = {Allcott, Hunt and Gentzkow, Matthew and Mason, Winter and Wilkins, Arjun and Barber{\´a}, Pablo and Brown, Taylor and Cisneros, Juan Carlos and Crespo-Tenorio, Adriana and Dimmery, Drew and Freelon, Deen and Gonz{\´a}lez-Bail{\´o}n, Sandra and Guess, Andrew M. and Kim, Young Mie and Lazer, David and Malhotra, Neil and Moehler, Devra and Nair-Desai, Sameer and Nait El Barj, Houda and Nyhan, Brendan and Paixao de Queiroz, Ana Carolina and Pan, Jennifer and Settle, Jaime and Thorson, Emily and Tromble, Rebekah and Velasco Rivera, Carlos and Wittenbrink, Benjamin and Wojcieszak, Magdalena and Zahedian, Saam and Franco, Annie and Kiewiet de Jonge, Chad and Stroud, Natalie Jomini and Tucker, Joshua A.}, title = {The effects of Facebook and Instagram on the 2020 election: A deactivation experiment}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {121}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {21}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2321584121}, abstract = {We study the effect of Facebook and Instagram access on political beliefs, attitudes, and behavior by randomizing a subset of 19,857 Facebook users and 15,585 Instagram users to deactivate their accounts for 6 wk before the 2020 U.S. election. We report four key findings. First, both Facebook and Instagram deactivation reduced an index of political participation (driven mainly by reduced participation online). Second, Facebook deactivation had no significant effect on an index of knowledge, but secondary analyses suggest that it reduced knowledge of general news while possibly also decreasing belief in misinformation circulating online. Third, Facebook deactivation may have reduced self-reported net votes for Trump, though this effect does not meet our preregistered significance threshold. Finally, the effects of both Facebook and Instagram deactivation on affective and issue polarization, perceived legitimacy of the election, candidate favorability, and voter turnout were all precisely estimated and close to zero.}, language = {en} } @techreport{StieweXuEickeetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Stiewe, Clemens and Xu, Alice Lixuan and Eicke, Anselm and Hirth, Lion}, title = {Cross-border cannibalization: Spillover effects of wind and solar energy on interconnected European electricity markets}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2405.17166}, pages = {25}, abstract = {The average revenue, or market value, of wind and solar energy tends to fall with increasing market shares, as is now evident across European electricity markets. At the same time, these markets have become more interconnected. In this paper, we empirically study the multiple cross-border effects on the value of renewable energy: on one hand, interconnection is a flexibility resource that allows to export energy when it is locally abundant, benefitting renewables. On the other hand, wind and solar radiation are correlated across space, so neighboring supply adds to the local one to depress domestic prices. We estimate both effects, using spatial panel regression on electricity market data from 2015 to 2023 from 30 European bidding zones. We find that domestic wind and solar value is not only depressed by domestic, but also by neighboring renewables expansion. The better interconnected a market is, the smaller the effect of domestic but the larger the effect of neighboring renewables. While wind value is stabilized by interconnection, solar value is not. If wind market share increases both at home and in neighboring markets by one percentage point, the value factor of wind energy is reduced by just above 1 percentage points. For solar, this number is almost 4 percentage points.}, language = {en} } @techreport{LindemannStoetzer, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Lindemann, Korinna and Stoetzer, Lukas F.}, title = {The Effect of Televised Candidate Debates on the Support for Political Parties}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5438}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54385}, pages = {72}, abstract = {During campaigns for legislative elections, a large portion of the general public follows televised debates between the front-running candidates. How can the candidates use the public interest in the debates to increase the support for their party? In this article, we argue that especially challenger candidates can improve the public perception of their valence qualities, such as personal integrity, leadership, and competence, and can - as a result - improve the support of their parties. We expect the perceived policy stances of the candidates to matter less, as parties often already have well-defined policy profiles that matter to voters. Building on televised debate experiments during the German Federal Elections of 2009 and 2013, we analyse the effect of the debates on party vote and in how far this relationship is mediated by changes in valence and policy evaluations of the candidates. Results show that changes of candidate valence, but not changes in policy perceptions, of the social-democratic front-running candidates mediate the vote intention for the party. Respondents who perceived the candidates more competent, empathetic and have integrity as a result of the debate are more likely to vote for their party. Our analysis further reveals, however, that this valence effect does not carry-over to vote intention briefly before the election.}, language = {en} } @article{BarronDitlmannGehrigetal., author = {Barron, Kai and Ditlmann, Ruth K. and Gehrig, Stefan and Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian}, title = {Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment}, series = {Management Science}, journal = {Management Science}, issn = {0025-1909 (print)}, doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2022.01229}, abstract = {This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely, when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design.}, language = {en} } @article{DessyMairXhauflair, author = {Dessy, Elodie and Mair, Johanna and Xhauflair, Virginie}, title = {Organizational diversity of social-mission platforms: Advancing a configurational research agenda}, series = {Information and Organization}, volume = {34}, journal = {Information and Organization}, number = {3}, issn = {1471-7727}, doi = {10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100514.}, abstract = {Social-mission platforms (SMPs), or platforms that facilitate the interactions between stakeholders across sectors and help them exchange resources to make progress on social and environmental problems, have emerged on a global scale. However, despite their prevalence, little is known about how SMPs organize to orchestrate collective efforts of social innovation. Taking stock of information systems and organizational literature on platforms, we identify four dimensions inherent in platform organizing (i.e., identity, boundary, governance, and technology). We then analyze three case studies to interrogate how these organizing dimensions manifest in SMPs. As a result, we offer a conceptual framework highlighting the trade-offs SMPs face, specifying the design choices they can make, and exposing the interdependences between dimensions. We further illustrate how these interdependences inform a configurational perspective of SMPs and suggest avenues to advance a configurational research agenda to deepen understanding of SMPs as effective vehicles to address Grand Challenges.}, language = {en} } @article{AlonsoPerezHeisigKreyenfeldetal., author = {Alonso-Perez, Enrique and Heisig, Jan Paul and Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Gellert, Paul and O'Sullivan, Julie Lorraine}, title = {Intersectional inequalities in the transition to grandparenthood and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA)}, series = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B}, journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbae088}, abstract = {Objectives In aging societies, more people become vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline. Simultaneously, the role of grandparenthood is central for older adults and their families. Our study investigates inequalities in the level and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults, focusing on possible intersectional effects of social determinants and grandparenthood as a life course transition that may contribute to delaying cognitive decline. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we analyzed a sample of 19,953 individuals aged 50-85 without grandchildren at baseline. We applied Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy to investigate variation in cognitive functioning across 48 intersectional strata, defined by sex/gender, migration, education, and occupation. We allowed the impact of becoming a grandparent on cognitive functioning trajectories to vary across strata by including random slopes. Results Intersectional strata accounted for 17.43\% of the overall variance in cognitive functioning, with most of the stratum-level variation explained by additive effects of the stratum-defining characteristics. Transition to grandparenthood was associated with higher cognitive functioning, showing a stronger effect for women. Stratum-level variation in the grandparenthood effect was modest, especially after accounting for interactions between grandparenthood and the stratum-defining variables. Discussion This study highlights the importance of social determinants for understanding heterogeneities in older adults' level of cognitive functioning and its association with the transition to grandparenthood. Cumulative disadvantages negatively affect cognitive functioning, hence adopting an intersectional lens is useful to decompose inequalities and derive tailored interventions to promote equal healthy aging.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jerg, author = {Jerg, Lukas}, title = {New forms of economic risk and political attitudes: Analyzing the influence of technological change and financialization in housing on political attitudes. Examining the effect of personality on the prevalence and persistence of atypical employment.}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5392}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53927}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {167}, language = {en} } @article{DoebbelingHildebrandtMierschKhannaetal., author = {D{\"o}bbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas and Miersch, Klaas and Khanna, Tarun M. and Bachelet, Marion and Bruns, Stephan B. and Callaghan, Max and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Flachsland, Christian and Forster, Piers M. and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Koch, Nicolas and Lamb, William F. and Ohlendorf, Nils and Steckel, Jan Christoph and Minx, Jan C.}, title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {15}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-48512-w}, abstract = {Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances. Statistically significant emissions reductions range between -5\% to -21\% across the schemes (-4\% to -15\% after correcting for publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of "what works" and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sorg, author = {Sorg, Alexander}, title = {Understanding Foreign Deployed Nuclear Weapons}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-5086}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50862}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {vii, 144}, abstract = {This dissertation delves into the complex dynamics of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. Scholarly work on nuclear weapons has predominantly focused on strategic forces. However, many escalation scenarios foresee the use of tactical nuclear weapons as a precursor, which could eventually lead to an all-out nuclear war. These are exactly the weapons that the United States has deployed across the world, and we know little about their strategic causes and consequences. My study addresses this gap in the literature. The first part of this dissertation investigates the causes of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. It emphasizes the importance of assurance, which has commonly been neglected or subsumed under non-proliferation. Through a comprehensive conceptualization, I distinguish assurance from other strategies of interstate interaction, explaining how the U.S. uses nuclear weapon deployments to assure allies and maintain its sphere of influence. Utilizing an original dataset, I find evidence that largely confirms my assurance hypotheses. With regard to alternative explanations, the power projection hypotheses are supported, but the extended deterrence hypotheses are not. These results contribute to the underdeveloped literature on assurance and provide valuable insights into the strategic considerations underlying U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. The second part, which is co-authored with Julian Wucherpfennig, examines the consequences of U.S. military deployments, both conventional and nuclear. The theory of free-riding in military alliances postulates that member states piggyback on security commitments by guardian states. We argue that free-riding critically implies that foreign military deployments positively affect subjective feelings of security - in other words: that they assure. In contrast, if citizens hold skeptical views of the guardian or do not subscribe to the (extended) deterrence logic, they might experience an increase in threat perception. We investigate how foreign military deployments impact attitudes toward defense policies in host states through an observational data analysis and a survey experiment. While nuclear and conventional troop deployments decrease citizens' subjective need for defense, they do not necessarily increase their sense of protection, challenging the logic of free-riding. Taken together, my findings suggest a mismatch between objectives and outcomes. While I find evidence that nuclear weapons are deployed to assure allies, this aim does not appear to be effective at the micro-level.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EdmondsonKrafftFlachslandetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Edmondson, Duncan and Krafft, Oskar and Flachsland, Christian and van Ballegooy, Christian}, title = {Governance capacities in reflexive climate policymaking: the scope, role, and institutional arrangements of policy mix evaluation in the German domestic buildings sector}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.48485/pik.2023.011}, pages = {129}, abstract = {Residential buildings directly contribute 11\% to local greenhouse gas emissions and up to 40\% of total emissions when accounting for energy use for electricity generation. In order to achieve the climate targets in line with the Federal Climate Protection Act, increased ambition level of climate policy instruments is required in this sector. In this research, we are interested in the governance of this sector and the role of evaluation: the government-mandated processes used to evaluate policy in terms of the actors, organisations and ministries involved in executing and coordinating these processes; and the metrics and methods as well as the scope and granularity of evaluations. The report follows a mixed methods research design, utilising multiple sources of primary data for triangulation. We combine 14 expert interviews with content analysis of published reports to investigate the quality and scope of the current evaluation procedures in place. Building on institutional and evaluation literatures, the research offers an enhanced understanding of the content, scope and processes of ex-post evaluation of policy instruments.}, language = {en} }