@techreport{Steininger, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Steininger, Silvia}, title = {What Are Human Rights For? On the May 2025 Danish-Italian Public Letter to the ECtHR}, series = {Verfassungsblog}, journal = {Verfassungsblog}, publisher = {Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.59704/ecbe94e125dadef0}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nugraha, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nugraha, Ignatius Yordan}, title = {Godly Constitution and Divine Enlightenment: The Indonesian Constitutional Court's Recent Theocratic Judgment}, series = {Verfassungsblog}, journal = {Verfassungsblog}, publisher = {Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.59704/1bf50643de038c99}, language = {en} } @article{Steininger, author = {Steininger, Silvia}, title = {Wilhelmstraße 92, 10117 Berlin: German Memory Culture in the Heart of Empire}, series = {Leiden Journal of International Law}, volume = {38}, journal = {Leiden Journal of International Law}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, doi = {10.1017/S0922156524000591}, pages = {404 -- 405}, language = {en} } @article{MorenoLax, author = {Moreno-Lax, Violeta}, title = {Commission proposal for a revised Facilitation Directive: Targeted substitute impact assessment}, publisher = {EPRS: European Parliamentary Research Service}, address = {Brussels}, doi = {10.2861/0337452}, pages = {ix, 104}, abstract = {This study constitutes a targeted substitute impact assessment of the Commission's proposal for a revised Facilitation Directive (COM(2023) 755), presented on 28 November 2023 as part of a package to address migrant smuggling. It provides a critical review of the existing legal and policy framework at EU level and its shortcomings regarding transposition and implementation. It also undertakes a critical and thorough appraisal of the proposed objectives and measures in terms of coherence, effectiveness and efficiency, including with a view to assessing the adequacy of the interplay between this proposal and the related draft Regulation on enhancing police cooperation (COM(2023) 754). It highlights the misalignment of the proposal with relevant international and key EU law standards. It raises concerns about definitional issues, the lack of sufficient human rights safeguards, and the absence of a clear distinction between facilitation offences and the legitimate provision of services and humanitarian assistance. The study also examines the legality and proportionality of the proposed measures and stresses the need for a thorough evaluation of wider impacts on civic space and democracy at large.}, language = {en} } @misc{Steininger, author = {Steininger, Silvia}, title = {The Changing European Union: A Critical View on the Role of Law and the Courts edited by Tamara Capeta, Iris Goldner Lang, and Tamara Perišin (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2022)}, series = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {62}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, number = {4}, doi = {10.54648/cola2025071}, pages = {1223 -- 1226}, language = {en} } @techreport{Đuković, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Đuković, Mirko}, title = {Algorithmic Risk in EU Migration \& Asylum Governance: Reconciling the EU AI Act and the Council of Europe Framework Convention}, series = {AFAR Policy Brief}, journal = {AFAR Policy Brief}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {6}, abstract = {This policy brief by Mirko Đuković, postdoctoral researcher in the Algorithmic Fairness for Asylum Seekers and Refugees (AFAR) project, examines how automated decision-making (ADM) is increasingly embedded in Europe's migration and asylum systems, from ETIAS triage at the border to mobile-phone data extraction in asylum procedures. These technologies routinely shape life-changing outcomes, yet operate with limited transparency and uneven safeguards for fairness and fundamental rights. The EU AI Act adopts a product-safety logic, categorising AI systems into four risk tiers and generally classifying migration-related systems as high-risk. By contrast, the Council of Europe's AI Convention introduces a contextual, rights-centred methodology (HUDERIA), emphasising scale, scope, probability, and reversibility of risks. Both frameworks converge on the need for ex-ante risk assessment, but diverge on how such assessments should be carried out. Combining the AI Act's regulatory certainty with the Convention's richer human-rights analysis could yield stronger protections for migrants and asylum seekers while offering clarity to authorities.}, language = {en} } @misc{Steininger, author = {Steininger, Silvia}, title = {Silvia Steininger, Review of Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen. The 3 Regional Human Rights Courts in Context: Justice That Cannot Be Taken for Granted}, series = {European Journal of International Law}, volume = {35}, journal = {European Journal of International Law}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, doi = {10.1093/ejil/chae062}, pages = {1063 -- 1068}, language = {en} } @article{HenkeKolonicLemmer, author = {Henke, Marina and Kolonic, Dino and Lemmer, Felix}, title = {Russian roulette revisited: Does a limited nuclear strike constitute a winning strategy?}, series = {Contemporary Security Policy}, journal = {Contemporary Security Policy}, doi = {10.1080/13523260.2026.2624653}, pages = {1 -- 25}, abstract = {Russia has threatened to use tactical nuclear weapons repeatedly in its war on Ukraine to intimidate and break the cohesion of NATO. Does such a strike potentially constitute a winning strategy? This article addresses this question via four waves of vignette-based survey experiments, two prior and two post Russia's invasion of Ukraine, in Germany and the United States, two critical NATO members with diverse cultural sensibilities. Contrary to our expectation, we find that public attitudes in both countries are remarkably similar and favor in the case of a Russian tactical nuclear strike not a conciliatory but a retaliatory NATO response. Moreover, public attitudes following Russia's invasion of Ukraine have grown even more hawkish.}, language = {en} } @article{PalmiottoOzkul, author = {Palmiotto, Francesca and Ozkul, Derya}, title = {Climbing a Wall: Strategic Litigation Against Automated Systems in Migration and Asylum}, series = {German Law Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {German Law Journal}, number = {6}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, doi = {10.1017/glj.2024.52}, pages = {935 -- 955}, abstract = {Strategic litigation plays a crucial role in advancing human rights in the digital age, particularly in cases where data subjects, such as migrants and protection seekers, experience significant power imbalances. In this Article, we consider strategic litigation as part of broader legal mobilization efforts. Although some emerging studies have examined contestation against digital rights and migrant rights separately using legal mobilization frameworks, scholarship on legal mobilization concerning the use of automated systems on migrants and asylum seekers is scarce. This Article aims to address this gap by investigating the extent to which EU law empowers strategic litigants working at the intersection of technology and migration. Through an analysis of five specific cases of contestation and in-depth interviews, we explore how EU data protection law is leveraged to protect the digital rights of migrants and asylum seekers. This analysis takes a socio-legal perspective, analyzing the opportunities presented by EU data protection law and how civil society organizations (CSOs) utilize them in practice. Our findings reveal that the pre-litigation phase is particularly onerous for strategic litigants in this field, requiring a considerable investment of resources and time before even reaching the litigation stage. We illustrate this phase as akin to "climbing a wall," characterized by numerous hurdles that CSOs face and the strategies they employ to overcome them.}, language = {en} } @article{Finnerty, author = {Finnerty, Joseph}, title = {Confronting Authoritarian Practices through Procedural-Based Review: The Case of the Polish Rule of Law Crisis}, series = {The European Convention on Human Rights Law Review}, journal = {The European Convention on Human Rights Law Review}, publisher = {Brill | Nijhoff}, doi = {10.1163/26663236-bja10150}, pages = {1 -- 25}, abstract = {This article examines how the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or Court) has responded to authoritarian practices that seek to undermine judicial independence, particularly in the context of the Polish rule of law crisis. In contrast to the existing scholarly attention to and emphasis on the subjective right to judicial independence and ulterior purpose doctrines as response mechanisms to these particular authoritarian practices, this article finds that the principle of legality, understood as a 'procedural' as well as a 'substantive' notion under the European Convention on Human Rights, has done most of the heavy lifting in this context. The article argues that the procedural side of this bifurcated approach to legality may be conceptualised as a new form of procedural-based review in the Court's broader case law, coining the term 'procedural legality', and further notes the unexpected role for procedural-based review in the context of autocratisation.}, language = {en} } @article{FinnertyCalı, author = {Finnerty, Joseph and {\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak}, title = {The Travaux Pr{\´e}paratoires and Progressive Treaty Interpretation: Article 18 of the European Convention on Human Rights}, series = {European Journal of International Law}, volume = {36}, journal = {European Journal of International Law}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, doi = {10.1093/ejil/chaf029}, pages = {475 -- 499}, abstract = {Article 18 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) has become a central provision employed by the European Court of Human Rights in response to authoritarian practices in Europe over the last decade. Notwithstanding its increased use, important disagreements persist regarding the interpretation of the provision. Analysing the provision's ordinary meaning, the convention's travaux pr{\´e}paratoires as a whole and the interpretation of the provision by majority and minority judges of the Court, this article identifies three competing normative models for specifying Article 18's purpose. Whilst the text is open for Article 18 to address all forms of abuse of power - authoritarian or democratic - the travaux suggest a purpose of detecting emerging authoritarian practices. The majority on the Court's bench, on the other hand, view Article 18 as a narrow tool to respond to predominant and pronounced authoritarian practices. These normative disagreements are also reflected in concurring and dissenting opinions annexed to Article 18 judgments, with some minority judges defending the narrow normative model and others advocating for a more progressive interpretation, not only on familiar grounds of evolutive interpretation but also because the convention's history calls for progressive interpretation of this particular provision. Our findings complicate the well-established presumption that progressive interpretation of the convention comes about by treating it as a 'living instrument' at the expense of the drafters' intent, highlighting the turn to 'progressive originalism' in the interpretation of Article 18 of the ECHR.}, language = {en} } @article{Finnerty, author = {Finnerty, Joseph}, title = {How Should the European Court of Human Rights Remedy Violations of Article 18 ECHR? The Case for Remedial Realignment}, series = {European Convention on Human Rights Law Review}, volume = {5}, journal = {European Convention on Human Rights Law Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Brill | Nijhoff}, doi = {10.1163/26663236-bja10100}, pages = {380 -- 399}, abstract = {This article assesses whether the European Court of Human Right's (Court) remedial reasoning in Article 18 European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) judgments coheres with the Court's merits-based reasoning finding a violation of this particular provision. Article 18 violations have come to highlight structural problems in state parties, most notably complicity from domestic judiciaries and/or state prosecutors in state efforts to restrict Convention rights for anti-democratic ulterior purposes. The article finds that this substantive feature of Article 18 violations does not generally extend to the Court's approach to formulating remedies and that the Article 18 violation judgments evidence the same remedial oversight generally present in the Court's broader case law. The article argues, however, that the Court's remedial approach in Article 18 violation judgments should be highly prescriptive and specific in respect of both individual and general measures on account of the reality that Article 18 serves both individual and constitutional justice and engages the positive dimension of subsidiarity.}, language = {en} } @article{CalıGaland, author = {{\c{C}}al{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Galand, Alexandre Skander}, title = {A Tale of Disregard? Reception of the Jurisprudence of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities before the European Court of Human Rights}, series = {Human Rights Quarterly}, volume = {47}, journal = {Human Rights Quarterly}, number = {3}, publisher = {Project MUSE}, doi = {10.1353/hrq.2025.a965925}, pages = {394 -- 425}, abstract = {The Convention on the Rights of Persons Disabilities (CRPD) was hailed as a transformative human rights treaty when it came into force in 2008. The CRPD not only promises the remediation of the under-protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in international human rights law, but it also aims to transform the deep and structural inequalities underpinning the governance of disability through law and policy. The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD Committee) has adopted and extended this transformative ethos in its jurisprudence. In this article, we examine the reception of this jurisprudence by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and ask whether and how the CRPD Committee's interpretation of the CRPD has influenced the case law of the ECtHR. By focusing on the right to legal capacity, accessibility and reasonable accommodation, we demonstrate that the transformative jurisprudence of the CRPD Committee was met with visible disregard in Strasbourg. Our findings point to both the importance of specialized human rights treaties and jurisprudence in advancing the rights of historically discriminated groups and the challenges of judicially diffusing transformative protections for the rights of persons with disabilities into general human rights law.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GarciaCorral, author = {Garc{\´i}a-Corral, Paulina}, title = {Framing attributions: A methodological and conceptual contribution to the study of explanations in political discourse}, doi = {10.48462/opus4-6124}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-61241}, school = {Hertie School}, pages = {iv, 137}, abstract = {As humans, we think of the social world in causal terms, seeking to answer questions that help us make sense of what happens around us, predict future outcomes, and address current issues. The way we communicate displays our causal reasoning, as it is through language that we share how we think the world works, and also attempt to control how others perceive who is responsible of social issues and how to fix them. Therefore, analyzing the use of causal expressions in the public sphere is crucial to better understand political discourse and its downstream effects on political opinion, attitudes, and behavior. In this dissertation, I develop a framework to identify and extract expressions of causal attributions from political text, drawing on techniques from computational linguistics. To do this, I design a coding scheme and create a corpus annotated for causal language in the political domain. I test the corpus on a broad range of pre-trained language models on the task of identifying and parsing expressions of causality: from smaller transformer-based models such as Bert, to modern Large Language Models, like GPT-4. Additionally, I introduce an evaluation strategy tailored to test if a model's causal extraction is done through linguistic parsing or by leveraging causal patterns learned during pre-training. After interpreting experimental results, I develop a framework to parse expressions of causal attributions in text, adapted for political methodology. With this novel measurement tool, I empirically examine the constructions of causality used in the coverage of two international conflicts. I demonstrate the method's capabilities and ease of use for political science research. With insights from the case study, I conceptualize "non attribution", and posit it as a unique framing practice, complementary to responsibility framing. With it, I argue that the omission of causal attributions is a distinct frame, and not a neutral absence in news coverage. With this dissertation, I extend the current scholarship on causal language modeling, and show how new text-as-data methods can be used to scale and examine discourse to identify novel concepts, and extend previous work in political communication.}, language = {en} } @article{Henke, author = {Henke, Marina}, title = {Germany's new old nuclear dilemma}, series = {Engelsberg Ideas}, journal = {Engelsberg Ideas}, abstract = {When it comes to nuclear weapons, the concerns that West Germany's first chancellor wrestled with during the Cold War have not disappeared - they have simply re-emerged in new forms.}, language = {en} } @misc{AfonsoAusserladscheiderHasseletal., author = {Afonso, Alexandre and Ausserladscheider, Valentina and Hassel, Anke and Kinderman, Daniel and Scheiring, Gabor and Rathgeb, Philip}, title = {On Philip Rathgeb's How the Radical Right Has Changed Capitalism and Welfare in Europe and the USA, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024}, series = {Socio-Economic Review}, journal = {Socio-Economic Review}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, doi = {10.1093/ser/mwaf039}, language = {en} } @incollection{HasselLee, author = {Hassel, Anke and Lee, Pit Jasper}, title = {Growth regimes and welfare state reforms}, series = {Handbook on Welfare State Reform}, booktitle = {Handbook on Welfare State Reform}, editor = {Ebbinghaus, Bernhard and Nelson, Moira}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781839108792}, doi = {10.4337/9781839108808.00013}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {51 -- 65}, abstract = {This chapter proposes a growth-regime perspective for understanding welfare state reforms. Welfare states are closely linked to the economy, shaping supply and demand. To boost growth and employment, governments resort to welfare state reforms. Combining the supply-side perspective of the Varieties of Capitalism and the growth-model perspective's focus on aggregate demand, a comprehensive analysis of growth regimes helps explain the choices governments face when engaging with reform agendas. We demonstrate how the growing digital economy connects with education policies. Demand-led growth strategies link with financialization on the supply side. The regulation of private pensions and housing markets has become subject of policy reforms as new growth engines while having profound repercussions on the welfare state. Thus, national growth strategies affect welfare state institutions and vice versa. The chapter concludes by providing an outlook on how different growth regimes are affected by current crises.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HasselPalier, author = {Hassel, Anke and Palier, Bruno}, title = {The political economy of the welfare state: from power resources to varieties of capitalism to growth strategies}, series = {Handbook of Comparative Political Economy}, booktitle = {Handbook of Comparative Political Economy}, editor = {Regini, Marino}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, isbn = {9781035327775}, doi = {10.4337/9781035327782.00025}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {234 -- 251}, abstract = {The chapter reviews the recent advances in comparative political economy for social policy development. Welfare state research has long been divided between those who assume that social policy is adopted by governments against markets and those who emphasize the productive effects of social policies for the functioning of markets. Recently, we can observe a synthesis of both approaches in the framework of growth and welfare regimes. This new literature situates the welfare state as an important component of the political economy of advanced economies and assumes that governments situate their social policy reforms in wider growth strategies. The chapter develops the argument in four steps. First, we present a historical perspective on the welfare state. Second, we identify the contributions of the productive role of the welfare state and introduce the notion of growth regimes and their connections to welfare regimes. The next section presents five types of growth strategies and social policy reform. Finally, we address the political support for the welfare state in different growth regimes.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HasselWeil, author = {Hassel, Anke and Weil, Kilian}, title = {Gelingt der {\"U}bergang von fossilen zu gr{\"u}nen Arbeitspl{\"a}tzen?}, series = {Was wird aus der Arbeit?}, booktitle = {Was wird aus der Arbeit?}, editor = {Hassel, Anke and Schroeder, Wolfgang}, publisher = {Campus Verlag}, address = {Frankfurt}, isbn = {9783593520377}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {211 -- 216}, abstract = {Die gr{\"u}ne Transformation hat unmittelbare Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsmarkt. 1 Die angestrebte Entwicklung von fossilen hin zu gr{\"u}nen Arbeitspl{\"a}tzen stellt Unternehmen und Besch{\"a}ftigte in Deutschland vor große Herausforderungen. Lange beruhte der wirtschaftliche Erfolg Deutschlands nicht nur auf Exporten von energie-und fossilintensiven G{\"u}tern und zugleich auch der Energiemix haupts{\"a}chlich auf fossilen Brennstoffen. F{\"u}r eine deutliche Reduzierung von Emissionen m{\"u}ssen bestimmte Industrien ab-und andere umgebaut werden. Im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien entstehen neue Arbeitspl{\"a}tze. Insgesamt geht es also um einen tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel von zuvor emissionsintensiven sogenannten braunen zu emissionsschwachen gr{\"u}nen Arbeitspl{\"a}tzen. F{\"u}r die OECD-L{\"a}nder wird erwartet, dass die Dekarbonisierung der Wirtschaft zu einem Nettogewinn an Arbeitspl{\"a}tzen f{\"u}hrt (Chateau und Mavroeidi 2020). Die Europ{\"a}ische Kommission rechnet mit einem Wachstum von {\"u}ber 1 Million neuer Arbeitspl{\"a}tze bis 2030, wobei die europ{\"a}ische gr{\"u}ne Technologie zu einem Vorreiter f{\"u}r wachsende Exportm{\"a}rkte werden soll (EC 2021). Aggregierte Trends geben jedoch keinen Aufschluss {\"u}ber das Ausmaß der Anpassungen, die f{\"u}r einzelne Arbeitnehmer: innen und Unternehmen erforderlich sind, und verdecken eine erhebliche Heterogenit{\"a}t zwischen Regionen und Sektoren. Konkret heißt dies, dass der Bedarf nach zus{\"a}tzlichen Arbeitskr{\"a}ften in erneuerbaren Energien, zB in der Wind-oder Solarenergie oder bei W{\"a}rmepumpen, regional anders verteilt sind als die Arbeitspl{\"a}tze, die im Kohlebergbau oder der Automobilindustrie…}, language = {de} } @incollection{HasselLee, author = {Hassel, Anke and Lee, Pit Jasper}, title = {Wie kann die Tarifbindung in Deutschland gesteigert werden?}, series = {Was wird aus der Arbeit?}, booktitle = {Was wird aus der Arbeit?}, editor = {Hassel, Anke and Schroeder, Wolfgang}, publisher = {Campus Verlag}, address = {Frankfurt}, isbn = {9783593520377}, publisher = {Hertie School}, pages = {165 -- 170}, abstract = {Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeber auf Unternehmensebene, gilt die Tarifbindung nur f{\"u}r das jeweilige Unternehmen und es ist schwieriger, die Tarifbindung durch den Abschluss einzelner Vereinbarungen mit einzelnen Unternehmen zu erh{\"o}hen. Verhandeln die Sozialpartner hingegen auf sektoraler oder nationaler Ebene, ist es viel wahrscheinlicher, dass eine gr{\"o}ßere Gruppe von Unternehmen, wenn nicht sogar alle, von der Vereinbarung erfasst wird (Abbildung 1). Die Zentralisierung der Lohnverhandlung korreliert mit der Tarifbindung mit einem Wert von 0, 88. Andere Einflussfaktoren umfassen die M{\"o}glichkeit der Allgemeinverbindlichkeit von Tarifvertr{\"a}gen (Korrelationskoeffizient 0, 61), die Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft (0, 55) sowie dem Grad der Koordination und staatlicher Eingriffe. Die hohen Korrelationswerte zeigen, dass die Tarifbindung das Ergebnis von sich wechselseitig beeinflussender Faktoren ist, das auf rechtlichen Mechanismen, Institutionen und starken Akteuren beruht. Warum ist die Tarifbindungen in Deutschland in den letzten Jahrzenten gesunken? Es lassen sich drei zentrale Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die Erosion der Tarifbindung ausmachen.}, language = {de} }