TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A2 - van Aaken, Anne A2 - d'Argent, Pierre A2 - Mälksoo, Lauri A2 - Vasel, Johann Justus T1 - Human Rights Ideas, Law, and Institutions in Europe T2 - The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe N2 - This chapter introduces the contribution of Europe to the development of human rights ideas, law, and institutions. In a spirit of ‘provincialising Europe’, it argues that Europe’s contributions to human rights are ambivalent and dynamic. The chapter first examines natural rights and rights of citizens as twin, but also potentially conflicting, developments in demarcating Europe’s contributions to human rights. Europe is historically a home of human rights ideas as well as strong critiques and double standards in the use of these ideas. The chapter then examines European contributions to the legalization of human rights with a focus on two institutional Europes: that of the Council of Europe and the European Union. Finally, the chapter reviews contemporary human rights debates, against the backdrop of authoritarianization in Europe on the one hand and demands for new human rights to tackle the climate crisis, and digitalization of modern societies on the other. KW - EU Law, International Law, Law Y1 - 2023 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hsog/frontdoor/index/index/docId/5397 SN - 9780198865315 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198865315.013.8 PB - Oxford University Press ER -