TY - UNPD A1 - Khanna, Tarun A1 - Baiocchi, Giovanni A1 - Callaghan, Max W. A1 - Creutzig, Felix A1 - Bogdan Guias, Horia A1 - Haddaway, Neal A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Javaid, Aneeque A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Laukemper, Sonja A1 - Loeschel, Andreas A1 - Del Mar Zamora, Maria A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Reducing carbon emissions of households through monetary incentives and behavioral interventions: a meta-analysis N2 - Despite the importance of evaluating all mitigation options so as to inform policy decisions addressing climate change, a systematic analysis of household-scale interventions to reduce carbon emissions is missing. Here, we address this gap through a state-of-the-art machine-learning assisted meta-analysis to comparatively assess the effectiveness of a range of monetary and behavioral interventions in energy demand of residential buildings. We identify 122 studies and extract 360 effect sizes representing trials on 1.2 million households in 25 countries. We find that all the studied interventions reduce energy consumption of households. Our meta-regression evidences that monetary incentives are on an average more effective than behavioral interventions, but deploying the right combinations of interventions together can increase overall effectiveness. We estimate global cumulative emissions reduction of 8.64 Gt CO2 by 2040, though deploying the most effective packages and interventions could result in greater reduction. While modest, this potential should be viewed in conjunction with the need for de-risking mitigation with energy demand reductions and realizing substantial co-benefits.  Y1 - 2021 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hsog/frontdoor/index/index/docId/3903 ER -