TY - JOUR A1 - Gentile, Luca T1 - A complete workflow for the differentiation and the dissociation of hiPSC-derived cardiospheres N2 - Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are an invaluable tool for both basic and translational cardiovascular research. The potential that these cells hold for therapy, disease modeling and drug discovery is hampered by several bottlenecks that currently limit both the yield and the efficiency of cardiac induction. Here, we present a complete workflow for the production of ready-to-use hiPSC-CMs in a dynamic suspension bioreactor. This includes the efficient and highly reproducible differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiospheres, which display enhanced physiological maturation compared to static 3D induction in hanging drops, and a novel papain-based dissociation method that offers higher yield and viability than the broadly used dissociation reagents TrypLE and Accutase. Molecular and functional analyses of the cardiomyocytes reseeded after dissociation confirmed both the identity and the functionality of the cells, which can be used in downstream applications, either as monolayers or spheroids. KW - hiPSCs KW - Cardiomyocytes KW - Cardiac induction KW - 3D biorector KW - Papain dissociation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2018.08.015 VL - 2018 IS - 32/2018 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urschel, Sven A1 - Bold, Sebastian T1 - A Knowledge Discovery Process Extended to Experimental Data for the Identification of Motor Misalignment Patterns N2 - The diagnosis of misalignment plays a crucial role in the area of maintenance and repair since misalignment can lead to expensive downtime. To address this issue, several solutions have been developed, and both offline and online approaches are available. However, online strategies using a small number of sensors show a higher false positive rate than other approaches. The problem is a lack of knowledge regarding the interrelations of a fault, disturbances during the diagnosis process, and capable features and feature vectors. Knowledge discovery in database is a framework that allows extracting the missing knowledge. For technical systems, optimal results were achieved by aligning (partially) automated experiments with a data mining strategy, in this case classification. The results yield a greater understanding of the interrelations regarding parallel misalignment, i.e., feature vectors that show good results also with varying load and realistic fault levels. Moreover, the test data confirm a specificity (range 0 to 1) for classification between 0.87 and 1 with the found feature vectors. For angular misalignment, potential vectors were identified, but these need further validation with a modified experiment in future work. For the study, two induction motors with 1.1 kW and 7.5 kW were considered. Furthermore, the findings were compared with additional motors of the same rated power. The findings of this work can help to improve the implementation of sensorless diagnostics on machines and advance the research in this field. KW - Condition monitoring KW - Data mining KW - Induction motor KW - Knowledge discovery from data KW - Misalignment Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11080827 VL - 2023 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP ED - Schäfer, Karl-Herbert ED - Quint, Franz T1 - Artificial Intelligence - Application in Life Sciences and beyond N2 - The TriRhenaTech alliance presents the accepted papers of the 'Upper-Rhine Artificial Intelligence Symposium' held on October 27th 2021 in Kaiserslautern, Germany. Topics of the conference are applications of Artificial Intellgence in life sciences, intelligent systems, industry 4.0, mobility and others. The TriRhenaTech alliance is a network of universities in the Upper-Rhine Trinational Metropolitan Region comprising of the German universities of applied sciences in Furtwangen, Kaiserslautern, Karlsruhe, Offenburg and Trier, the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Loerrach, the French university network Alsace Tech (comprised of 14 'grandes écoles' in the fields of engineering, architecture and management) and the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland. The alliance's common goal is to reinforce the transfer of knowledge, research, and technology, as well as the cross-border mobility of students. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Life Science KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition KW - Machine Learning Y1 - 2021 PB - Hochschule Kaiserslautern, University of Applied Sciences CY - Kaiserslautern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gentile, Luca T1 - Assessment of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Ecotoxicity on Regeneration and Homeostasis in the Replacement Model System Schmidtea mediterranea JF - Altex N2 - Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are used in a number of applications from food to cosmetics and from medical applications to magnetic storage. In spite of the 550 tons produced each year in Europe alone, no effective dose limit recommendations are established and the overall risks connected to IONs are still debated. The incorporation of IONs in daily life raises a concern about their effects on the environment, on living organisms, and on human health. In this study, we used freshwater planarians to assess the nanoecotoxicity of IONs. Planarians are free-living invertebrates known for their astonishing regenerative ability. Because of their sensitivity to toxicants, they are often used to determine the effects of toxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic environmental compounds with an approach in line with the 3Rs (Reduce, Refine, Replace) principle. Planarians were exposed to IONs at concentrations up to 1 mg/ml and their effects were evaluated at the behavioral, morphofunctional, and molecular levels, with a special emphasis on the regeneration process. Our results indicate that IONs did not affect the stem cell population dynamics, nor did they induce substantial changes in either homeostatic or regenerating planarians. As positive controls, gold nanoparticles coated with the pro-apoptotic anti-cancer drug hexadecylmethylammonium bromide and highly concentrated polystyrene nanoparticles were used; these all elicited toxic effects. Therefore, we conclude that IONs at environmental concen- trations are safe for planarians, and that the planarian is a powerful model system that can replace vertebrate animal models in nanoecotoxicology research and for nanoecotoxicology studies. KW - 3R strategy KW - Pluripotency-based regeneration freshwater KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Reactive oxygen species Schmidtea mediterranea Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.1902061 IS - 36(4)/2019 SP - 583 EP - 596 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Harion, Felix A1 - Wu, Shujie A1 - Nürnberg, Dennis J. A1 - Bellamoli, Francesco A1 - Antonio, Guillen A1 - Leira, Manuel T1 - Dark blue-green: Cave-inhabiting cyanobacteria as a model for astrobiology N2 - Subterranean environments on Earth serve as an analog for the study of microbes on other planets, which has become an active area of research. Although it might sound contradictory that photosynthetic cyanobacteria thrive in extreme low light environments, they are frequent inhabitants of caves on Earth. Throughout the phylum these cyanobacteria have developed unique adaptations that cannot only be used for biotechnological processes but also have implications for astrobiology. They can, for example, both accommodate for the low light conditions by producing specific pigments that allow photosynthesis in near-infrared (IR) radiation/far-red light, and they can synthesize bioplastic compounds and calcium carbonate sheaths which represent valuable resources during human colonization of other planets or rock bodies. This article will highlight the potential benefits of cave-inhabiting cyanobacteria and will present a suitable bioreactor technique for the utilization of these special microbes during future space missions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1107371 VL - 2023 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Dorschner, Laura Marie T1 - Ethik und Fairness in KI-Systemen: Untersuchung und Vergleich von Frameworks zur Gewährleistung von Ethik, Fairness und Verantwortlichkeit in KI-Systemen N2 - Die rasante Entwicklung Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) bringt erhebliche ethische Herausforderungen mit sich, insbesondere in Bezug auf Fairness, Transparenz und Verantwortung. Diese Arbeit analysiert und vergleicht systematisch fünf zentrale ethische Frameworks zur Regulierung von KI-Systemen: AI4People’s Ethical Framework, die Ethik-Leitlinien für eine vertrauenswürdige KI der EU, das interdisziplinäre Framework "From Principles to Practice", die UNESCO-Empfehlung zur Ethik der Künstlichen Intelligenz sowie den EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Nach einer Einführung in die technischen und ethischen Grundlagen von KI werden diese Frameworks hinsichtlich ihrer Struktur, ethischen Prinzipien und praktischen Anwendbarkeit verglichen. Die qualitative Bewertung erfolgt anhand ethischer Theorien und einer SWOTAnalyse, um Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken jedes Frameworks systematisch zu identifizieren. Ergänzend erfolgt eine quantitative Analyse mittels Scoring-Modell zur besseren Vergleichbarkeit der Ansätze. Eine Fallstudie zur KI-gestützten Hautkrebsdiagnose zeigt die praktische Relevanz ethischer Leitlinien und offenbart Herausforderungen in der Anwendung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle untersuchten Frameworks wesentliche ethische Prinzipien adressieren, jedoch in ihrer praktischen Umsetzung und Verbindlichkeit teils erhebliche Unterschiede aufweisen. Besonders der EU AI Act stellt einen wichtigen regulatorischen Schritt dar, bleibt jedoch in einigen Bereichen unzureichend. Abschließend werden Handlungsempfehlungen für eine effektive und ethisch verantwortliche KI-Governance formuliert. T2 - Ethics and fairness in AI systems: Analyzing and comparing frameworks for ensuring ethics, fairness, and accountability in AI systems KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - AI Act KW - Ethik Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.57997/j8zz-n518 VL - 2025 PB - Hochschule Kaiserslautern CY - Zweibrücken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Vincent A1 - Schwamm, Thilo A1 - Urschel, Sven T1 - Fault Investigation of Circulation Pumps to Detect Impeller Clogging N2 - Pumps have a wide range of applicat ions. Methods for fault detection of motors are increasingly being used for pumps. In the context of this paper, a test bench is built to investigate circulation pumps for faults. As a use case, the fault of impeller clogging was first measured and then examined with the help of motor current signature analysis. It can be seen that there are four frequencies at which there is an increase in amplitude in case of a fault. The sidebands around the supply frequency are in particular f ocus. The clogging of three and four of a total of seven channels leads to the highest amplitudes at the fault frequencies. The efficiency is reduced by 9 to 15% in case of faulty opera tion. These results indicate that the implementation of fault detection algorithms on the pump electronics represents added value for the pump operator. Furthermore, the results can be transferred to other applications. KW - Impeller faults KW - Impeller clogging KW - Permanent magnet motor KW - Fourier transformation KW - Condition monitoring KW - Circulation pump KW - Pump test bench KW - Motor current signature analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217550 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Briegel-Williams, Laura A1 - Dultz, Stefan A1 - Neff, Carina A1 - Heibrock, Gunnar A1 - Monger, Curtis A1 - Pietrasiak, Nicole A1 - Keller, Lena A1 - Hale, Julia A1 - Friedek, Jan A1 - Schmidt, Timo A1 - Guggenberger, Georg T1 - Hard shell, soft blue-green core: Ecology, processes, and modern applications of calcification in terrestrial cyanobacteria N2 - Cyanobacteria are the oldest photoautotrophic lineage that release oxygen during photosynthesis, an ability that possibly evolved as far as 3.5 billion years ago and changed the Earth’s environment—both in water and on land. Linked to the mechanism of carbon accumulation by cyanobacteria during photosynthesis are their calcifying properties, a process of biologically mediated mineralization of CO 2 by precipitation with calcium to CaCO 3. In recent decades, scientific research has mainly focused on calcifying cyanobacteria from aquatic habitats, while their terrestrial relatives have been neglected. This review not only presents the ecology of terrestrial calcifying cyanobacteria in caves and biocrusts but also discusses recent biotechnological applications, such as the production of living building materials through microbial-induced carbonate precipitation for structural engineering, which has the potential to open a new and efficient pathway for mitigating climate change, e.g., as carbon capture and storage technology. KW - Geochemistry KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Ecology KW - Microbiology Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.111280 VL - 2024 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saleem, Anjum A1 - Medina, Luisa A1 - Skrifvars, Mikael A1 - Berglin, Lena T1 - Hybrid Polymer Composites of Bio-Based Bast Fibers with Glass, Carbon and Basalt Fibers for Automotive Applications—A Review JF - Molecules N2 - Composites with reinforcements based on bast fibers such as flax, hemp and kenaf offer many advantages such as weight reduction, improved specific impact, flexural, acoustic properties, and balanced performance to cost that can be achieved by properly designing the material composition. Their position is well established, especially in the nonstructural automotive applications. However, in structural applications of composites, their mechanical property profile is not comparable to the dominant reinforcements such as glass and carbon fibers. The low mechanical properties of these composites could be improved by hybridization that involves adding high-performance fibers to the bast fiber composites that could improve the low mechanical performance of the bast fiber composites. The review presented in this article provides an overview of the developments in the field of hybrid polymer composites composed of bio-based bast fibers with glass, carbon, and basalt fibers. The focus areas are the composite manufacturing methods, the influence of hybridization on the mechanical properties, and the applications of hybrid composites. KW - Bast fibers KW - Basalt fibers KW - Mechanical analysis KW - Synthetic fibers KW - Carding KW - Compression molding Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214933 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 25 SP - 1 EP - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möbius, Hildegard A1 - Fuhrmann, Marc T1 - Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy JF - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology N2 - Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become a widely used tool for the characterization of magnetic properties. However, the magnetic signal can be overlapped by additional forces acting on the tip such as electrostatic forces. In this work the possibility to reduce capacitive coupling effects between tip and substrate is discussed in relation to the thickness of a dielectric layer introduced in the system. Single superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used as a model system, because their magnetic signal is contrariwise to the signal due to capacitive coupling so that it is possible to distinguish between magnetic and electric force contributions. Introducing a dielectric layer between substrate and nanoparticle the capacitive coupling can be tuned and minimized for thick layers. Using the theory of capacitive coupling and the magnetic point dipole–dipole model we could theoretically explain and experimentally prove the phase signal for single superparamagnetic nanoparticles as a function of the layer thickness of the dielectric layer. Tuning the capacitive coupling by variation of the dielectric layer thickness between nanoparticle and substrate allows the distinction between the electric and the magnetic contributions to the MFM signal. The theory also predicts decreasing topographic effects in MFM signals due to surface roughness of dielectric films with increasing film thickness. KW - Capacitive coupling KW - Electrostatic effects KW - Magnetic force microscopy KW - Nanoparticles KW - Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.106 IS - 2019/10 SP - 1056 EP - 1064 ER - TY - THES A1 - Risch, Adrian T1 - Konzeption und Realisierung einer barrierefreien Sprach- und Kommunikationstrainings-Anwendung für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen N2 - Diese Arbeit präsentiert die Entwicklung einer Open-Source Flutter Webanwen-dung für Sprach- und Kommunikationstraining, die speziell für Menschen mit Be-einträchtigungen entwickelt wurde. Sie setzt Faster Whisper für die Sprachtran-skription und Spacy für die Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache ein, um die Sprach-analyse zu ermöglichen. Die Zielgruppe zieht sich häufig aufgrund sprachlicher und kommunikativer Herausforderungen aus dem Sozialleben zurück. Das Ziel der Anwendung ist die Erweiterung und Festigung des Wortschatzes sowie die Verbesserung der Kommunikationsfähigkeiten. Die Entwicklungsarbeit hebt die Wichtigkeit von Barrierefreiheit hervor und zeigt Bereiche auf, in denen es an in-klusiven Praktiken mangelt. T2 - Conception and realization of a barrier-free language and communication training application for people with disabilities Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.57997/opus4-72 VL - 2024 PB - Hochschule Kaiserslautern CY - Zweibrücken ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Amico, Gianluca A1 - Becker, Timo A1 - Damian, Jonas A1 - Fuchs, Annika A1 - Freis, Tamara A1 - Grund, Maximilian A1 - Güther, Stefanie A1 - Haag, Stefan A1 - Hamich, Myriam A1 - Hartl, Fabian A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Kantermann, Thomas A1 - Koch, Oliver A1 - Köhler, Christian A1 - Kopsch, Anke A1 - Leuthardt, Anna-Gesa A1 - Linssen, Oliver A1 - Meisel, Sebastian A1 - Ngoei Ndinga Nyadao, Hamadou A1 - Picht-Wiggering, Laura A1 - Pickert, Daniel A1 - Pietsch, Stephanie A1 - Pulham, Susan A1 - Schegg, René A1 - Schneider-Damian, Mira A1 - Schöneberger, Marius A1 - Schröer, Andreas A1 - Schütz-Penth, Friederike A1 - Schwinn, Aileen A1 - Simon, Carlo A1 - Stork, Werner A1 - Waldmann, Joanna A1 - Walter, Cvetanka A1 - Wawerda, Julianne A1 - Weschenfelder, Felix A1 - Zakfeld, Lara A1 - Zauner, Amelie A1 - Zimpelmann, Eike ED - Fallböhmer-Koob, Antonia ED - Fuchs, Annika ED - Knopper, Klaus ED - Schmitz, Constanze T1 - Kreidezeit?! Kompetenzentwicklung an Hochschulen für das 21. Jahrhundert N2 - Im Rahmen der Tagung „Kreidezeit?! Kompetenzentwicklung an Hochschulen für das 21. Jahrhundert“ an der Hochschule Kaiserslautern erfolgte eine systematische Auseinandersetzung mit der Relevanz von Future Skills zur Vorbereitung auf künftige gesellschaftliche und berufliche Anforderungen. Im vorliegenden Tagungsband dokumentieren die Beitragenden das breite Spektrum von disziplinübergreifender bis hin zur fachspezifischen Förderung der Future Skills. Es werden anschauliche Überlegungen und Beispiele erläutert, wie das zukunftsorientierte Lehren und Lernen im hochschulischen Kontext begleitet und umgesetzt werden kann. KW - Kompetenzentwicklung KW - Future Skills KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Kompetenzen KW - Higher Education Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.57997/3h83-hr89 VL - 2024 PB - Hochschule Kaiserslautern CY - Zweibrücken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Baumann, Karen A1 - Emrich, Dina A1 - Springer, Armin A1 - Felde, Vincent J.M.N.L. A1 - Dultz, Stefan A1 - Baum, Christel A1 - Frank, Marcus A1 - Büdel, Burkhard A1 - Leinweber, Peter T1 - Lichens Bite the Dust – A Bioweathering Scenario in the Atacama Desert JF - iScience N2 - Bioweathering mediated by microorganisms plays a significant role in biogeo-chemical cycles on global scales over geological timescales. Single processes induced by specific taxa have been described but could rarely be demonstrated for complex communities that dominate whole landscapes. The recently discovered grit crust of the coastal Atacama Desert, which is a transitional community between a cryptogamic ground cover and a rock-bound lithic assemblage, offers the unique chance to elucidate various bioweathering processes that occur simultaneously. Here, we present a bioweathering scenario of this biocenosis including processes such as penetration of the lithomatrix, microbial responses to wet-dry cycles, alkalinolysis, enzyme activity, and mineral re-localization. Frequently occurring fog, for example, led to a volume increase of microorganisms and the lithomatrix. This, together with pH shifts and dust accumulation, consequently results in biophysical breakdown and the formation of a terrestrial protopedon, an initial stage of pedogenesis fueled by the grit crust. KW - Earth sciences KW - Geomicrobiology KW - Earth-Surface Processes KW - Weathering KW - Biogeoscience Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101647 SN - 2589-0042 VL - 23 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möbius, Hildegard A1 - Fuhrmann, Marc T1 - Magnetic Imaging of Encapsulated Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles by Data Fusion of Magnetic Force Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Signals for Correction of Topographic Crosstalk N2 - Encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles are of increasing interest for biomedical applications. However, up to now, it is still not possible to characterize their localized magnetic properties within the capsules. Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) has proved to be a suitable technique to image magnetic nanoparticles at ambient conditions revealing information about the spatial distribution and the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles simultaneously. However, MFM measurements on magnetic nanoparticles lead to falsifications of the magnetic MFM signal due to the topographic crosstalk. The origin of the topographic crosstalk in MFM has been proven to be capacitive coupling effects due to distance change between the substrate and tip measuring above the nanoparticle. In this paper, we present data fusion of the topography measurements of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and the phase image of MFM measurements in combination with the theory of capacitive coupling in order to eliminate the topographic crosstalk in the phase image. This method offers a novel approach for the magnetic visualization of encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles. KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Magnetic force microscopy KW - Hybrid nanoparticles KW - Polystyrene KW - Data fusion Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122486 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharfenberger-Schmeer, Maren A1 - Backmann, Louis A1 - Schmidtmann, Katharina A1 - Wegmann-Herr, Pascal A1 - Jürgens, Andreas T1 - Molecular Biological Methods to Assess Different Botrytis cinerea Strains on Grapes N2 - Botrytis cinerea is a well-known pathogen that can be challenging to control in crops, such as wine grapes. To adapt to the increasing problems of climate change and strain resistance, it is important to find new methods to detect Botrytis cinerea and differentiate strains. These methods include strain differentiation and classification by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and early detection of the fungus by qPCR. Various strains were analysed using SSR markers and either agarose gel electrophoresis or capillary sequencing via PCR. A sensitive qPCR method was refined to achieve an early detection method for the pathogen. The results demonstrate promising ways to distinguish between strains using both agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary sequencing as well as to detect infection before it becomes visible on grapes. This can be used to further understand and analyse different Botrytis cinerea strain characteristics such as laccase activity, regional or annual effects. The early detection method can be used to better prepare growers for an impending infection so that targeted efforts can be made. KW - Botrytis cinerea; KW - strain differentiation KW - simple sequence repeat markers KW - qPCR KW - early detection Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15020037 VL - 2024 IS - 2 SP - 567 EP - 581 PB - microbiology research CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharfenberger-Schmeer, Maren A1 - Stahl, Lea Franziska A1 - Edo, Manon A1 - Nonnenmacher, Timon A1 - Reif, Daniela A1 - Rex, Friederike A1 - Wegmann-Herr, Pascal A1 - Kortekamp, Andreas A1 - Fischer-Schuch, Jochen A1 - Thines, Eckhard T1 - Ozonized Oleic Acid as a New Viticultural Treatment? Study of the Effect of LIQUENSO® Oxygenate on the Carpoplane Microbial Community and Wine Microorganisms Combining Metabarcoding and In Vitro Assays N2 - In this study, an amplicon metagenomic approach was used to determine the effect of repeated treatments with ozonized oleic acid on the microbial community of grapevine carpoplane. Differences in community composition of treated vineyards were compared to non-treated and conventionally treated samples regarding the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiome at two developmental stages (BBCH 83, BBCH 87). The results showed effects both on occurrence and on abundance of microorganisms and the community assembly. Wine-relevant genera such as Acetobacter and members of the former genus Lactobacillus could be identified as part of the natural microbiota. The impact of the new viticultural treatment on these organisms was assessed in liquid culture-based microtiter assays. Therefore, we investigated an array of two acetic acid bacteria (AAB), four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and nine saccharomyces and non-saccharomyces yeasts. Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pediococcus sp. and Acetobacter aceti revealed the highest sensitivities against ozonized oleic acid (LIQUENSO® Oxygenat). Culture growth of these organisms was significantly reduced at an ozonide concentration of 0.25% (v/v), which corresponded to a quarter of the concentration used in the vineyard. The metabarcoding approach in combination with complementary in vitro assays allow new insights into treatment effects on the community and species scale. KW - ozonized oleic acid KW - ozonide KW - Oxygenate KW - grape carpoplane microbial community KW - biodiversity KW - 16S sequencing KW - ITS sequencing; KW - metabarcoding KW - LIQUENSO® Oxygenat Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies3030023 VL - 2022 IS - 3 SP - 292 EP - 307 PB - ecologies CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharfenberger-Schmeer, Maren A1 - Backmann, Louis A1 - Umberath, Kim Marie A1 - Wegmann-Herr, Pascal A1 - Weber, Fabian A1 - Jürgens, Andreas T1 - Putting Laccase Gene Differences on Genomic Level into Context: An Analysis of Botrytis cinerea Strains from Grapes N2 - One of the most important crop pathogens is Botrytis cinerea. It overcomes plant defenses using laccase, an enzyme which is frequently researched. Yet the differences between strains regarding their laccase activity is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze laccase genes in the context of the regionality, vintage, and laccase activity of the strains. Eight strains were analyzed using whole genome sequencing, and the laccase activity was assessed. The strains were differentiated by SSR-PCR. We looked at all 14 known laccase genome regions as well as the promoter and terminator regions using variant metrics and phylogenetic trees. The laccase genes seem to be correlated with the regionality of the strains rather than the laccase activity, which provides new understanding to the study of pathogen adaption in specific environments. Some of the laccase gene regions showed little to no evolutionary change, while other regions showed a great variety of changes. This research highlights taking different laccase gene regions into context. We provide fundamental information for further research. Further studies, especially on gene expression, could provide insightful information regarding the potential of pathogen infection. KW - Strain comparison KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Laccase activity KW - Laccase genes Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030483 VL - 2025 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Werner, Lina A1 - Briegel-Williams, Laura A1 - Emrich, Dina T1 - Roccellinastrum, Cenozosia and Heterodermia: Ecology and phylogeny of fog lichens and their photobionts from the coastal Atacama Desert N2 - Some deserts on Earth such as the Namib or the Atacama are influenced by fog which can lead to the formation of local fog oases - unique environments hosting a great diversity of specialized plants and lichens. Lichens of the genera Ramalina, Niebla or Heterodermia have taxonomically been investigated from fog oases around the globe but not from the Atacama Desert, one of the oldest and driest deserts. Conditioned by its topography and the presence of orographic fog, the National Park Pan de Azúcar in the Atacama Desert is considered to be such a lichen hotspot. Applying multi-gen loci involving phylogenetic analyses combined with intense morphological and chemical characterization, we determined the taxonomic position of five of the most abundant epiphytic lichens of this area. We evaluated Roccellinastrum spongoideum and Heterodermia follmannii which were both described from the area but also finally showed that the genus Cenozosia is the endemic sister genus to Ramalina, Vermilacinia, Namibialina and Niebla. As a result, we have described the species Heterodermia adunca, C. cava and C. excorticata as new lichen species. This work provides a comprehensive dataset for common fog lichen genera of the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert that can be used as a baseline for monitoring programs and environmental health assessments. KW - Chlorolichens KW - Heterodermia KW - Niebla KW - Pan de Azucar KW - Symbiochloris KW - Trebouxia Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.107764 VL - 2023 PB - Pensoft Publishers CY - Sofia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Sommer, Veronika A1 - Karsten, Ulf A1 - Lakatos, Michael T1 - Salty Twins: Salt-Tolerance of Terrestrial Cyanocohniella Strains (Cyanobacteria) and Description of C. rudolphia sp. nov. Point towards a Marine Origin of the Genus and Terrestrial Long Distance Dispersal Patterns N2 - The ability to adapt to wide ranges of environmental conditions coupled with their long evolution has allowed cyanobacteria to colonize almost every habitat on Earth. Modern taxonomy tries to track not only this diversification process but also to assign individual cyanobacteria to specific niches. It was our aim to work out a potential niche concept for the genus Cyanocohniella in terms of salt tolerance. We used a strain based on the description of C. rudolphia sp. nov. isolated from a potash tailing pile (Germany) and for comparison C. crotaloides that was isolated from sandy beaches (The Netherlands). The taxonomic position of C. rudolphia sp. nov. was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis and morphological descriptions of its life cycle. Salt tolerance of C. rudolphia sp. nov. and C. crotaloides was monitored with cultivation assays in liquid medium and on sand under salt concentrations ranging from 0% to 12% (1500 mM) NaCl. Optimum growth conditions were detected for both strains at 4% (500 mM) NaCl based on morpho-anatomical and physiological criteria such as photosynthetic yield by chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Taking into consideration that all known strains of this genus colonize salty habitats supports our assumption that the genus might have a marine origin but also expands colonization to salty terrestrial habitats. This aspect is further discussed, including the ecological and biotechnological relevance of the data presented. KW - Akinete KW - Schmiermonnikoog KW - Potash tailings piles KW - Biocrusts KW - Pulse amplitude modulation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050968 VL - 2022 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Acosta, Ruth A1 - Wu, Haoran A1 - Tenkamp, Jochen A1 - Walther, Frank A1 - Starke, Peter T1 - SteBLife, a New Approach for the Accelerated Generation of Metallic Materials’ Fatigue Data JF - Metals N2 - The service life of materials and components exposed to repeated mechanical loads is limited, which is why the understanding of the damage evolution and estimating its fatigue life is of high importance for its technical application. This paper shows how temperature and magnetic field measurement methods can be used to describe the cyclic deformation behaviour of metallic materials and to derive parameters from this, which are used in short-term methods to calculate the fatigue life. Within the SteBLife (stepped-bar fatigue life) approach, only three to five fatigue tests with a stepped fatigue specimen are required to determine a complete S–N or Woehler curve with scatter bands for different failure probabilities. If only a trend S–N curve is required, the number of tests can be reduced to a single fatigue test only. In the framework of this paper, these approaches will be presented for normalised SAE 1045 (C45E) and quenched and tempered SAE 4140 (42CrMo4) steels. KW - Fatigue life evaluation KW - SteBLife KW - Thermography KW - Magnetic-based measurements Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060798 SN - 2075-4701 VL - 10 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starke, Peter ED - Böllinghaus, Thomas T1 - StressLifetc – NDT-related assessment of the fatigue life of metallic materials JF - MP Materials Testing N2 - Weight-optimized component design as well as a reliable estimation of the lifetime of metallic materials and components requires a comprehensive understanding of fatigue processes and a systematic investigation of the underlying fatigue behavior. Therefore, nondestructive testing methods, digitalization of measurement techniques as well as signal processing can be combined with a short-term procedure in order to acquire potentially more information about fatigue processes, while experimental effort and costs are reduced significantly. This leads not only to considerable advantages over conventional methods for determining S-N curves, but also over established short-term procedures, due to the possibility of applying this information from just a few specimens to attain fatigue life calculations. The StressLifetc approach is a new short-term calculation method which considers the nonlinear relation between the elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic portion of the material response in the deformation process. Within the scope of the present work, the change in temperature of SAE 1045 (C45E) specimens was measured during fatigue tests via an infrared camera in order to feed the thermal response back into the new StressLifetc approach for a reliable fatigue life calculation. KW - Thermography KW - Magnetics KW - Non-Destructive Testing KW - Fatigue Life Evaluation KW - Metallic Materials Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48537/opus4-48 SP - 297 EP - 303 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Paper, Michael A1 - Koch, Max A1 - Nilges, Tom A1 - Brück, Thomas B. T1 - Stripped: contribution of cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances to the adsorption of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions N2 - The transformation of modern industries towards enhanced sustainability is facilitated by green technologies that rely extensively on rare earth elements (REEs) such as cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), terbium (Tb), and lanthanum (La). The occurrence of productive mining sites, e.g., is limited, and production is often costly and environmentally harmful. As a consequence of increased utilization, REEs enter our ecosystem as industrial process water or wastewater and become highly diluted. Once diluted, they can hardly be recovered by conventional techniques, but using cyanobacterial biomass in a biosorption-based process is a promising eco-friendly approach. Cyanobacteria can produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that show high affinity to metal cations. However, the adsorption of REEs by EPS has not been part of extensive research. Thus, we evaluated the role of EPS in the biosorption of Ce, Nd, Tb, and La for three terrestrial, heterocystous cyanobacterial strains. We cultivated them under N-limited and non-limited conditions and extracted their EPS for compositional analyses. Subsequently, we investigated the metal uptake of a) the extracted EPS, b) the biomass extracted from EPS, and c) the intact biomass with EPS by comparing the amount of sorbed REEs. Maximum adsorption capacities for the tested REEs of extracted EPS were 123.9–138.2 mg g−1 for Komarekiella sp. 89.12, 133.1–137.4 mg g−1 for Desmonostoc muscorum 90.03, and 103.5–129.3 mg g−1 for Nostoc sp. 20.02. A comparison of extracted biomass with intact biomass showed that 16% (Komarekiella sp. 89.12), 28% (Desmonostoc muscorum 90.03), and 41% (Nostoc sp. 20.02) of REE adsorption was due to the biosorption of the extracellular EPS. The glucose- rich EPS (15%–43% relative concentration) of all three strains grown under nitrogen-limited conditions showed significantly higher biosorption rates for all REEs. We also found a significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity of all REEs for the extracted EPS compared to cells without EPS and untreated biomass, highlighting the important role of the EPS as a binding site for REEs in the biosorption process. EPS from cyanobacteria could thus be used as efficient biosorbents in future applications for REE recycling, e.g., industrial process water and wastewater streams. KW - extracellular polymeric substances KW - polysaccharides KW - Komarekiella KW - Nostoc KW - Desmonostoc KW - biosorption Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1299349 VL - 2023 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - D’Agostino, Paul M. A1 - Büdel, Burkhard A1 - Lakatos, Michael T1 - Symphyonema bifilamentata sp. nov., the Right Fischerella ambigua 108b: Half a Decade of Research on Taxonomy and Bioactive Compounds in New Light JF - Microorganisms N2 - Since 1965 a cyanobacterial strain termed ‘Fischerella ambigua 108b’ was the object of several studies investigating its potential as a resource for new bioactive compounds in several European institutes. Over decades these investigations uncovered several unique small molecules and their respective biosynthetic pathways, including the polychlorinated triphenyls of the ambigol family and the tjipanazoles. However, the true taxonomic character of the producing strain remained concealed until now. Applying a polyphasic approach considering the phylogenetic position based on the 16S rRNA and the protein coding gene rbcLX, secondary structures and morphological features, we present the strain ‘Fischerella ambigua 108b’ as Symphyonema bifilamentata sp. nov. 97.28. Although there is the type species (holotype) S. sinense C.-C. Jao 1944 there is no authentic living strain or material for genetic analyses for the genus Symphyonema available. Thus we suggest and provide an epitypification of S. bifilamentata sp. nov. 97.28 as a valid reference for the genus Symphyonema. Its affiliation to the family Symphyonemataceae sheds not only new light on this rare taxon but also on the classes of bioactive metabolites of these heterocytous and true-branching cyanobacteria which we report here. We show conclusively that the literature on the isolation of bioactive products from this organism provides further support for a clear distinction between the secondary metabolism of Symphyonema bifilamentata sp. nov. 97.28 compared to related and other taxa, pointing to the assignment of this organism into a separate genus. KW - Symphyonema KW - true-branching KW - heterocytes KW - ambigol KW - polyphasic approach KW - Fischerella Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040745 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 9 IS - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ackermann, Eric A1 - Al Bosta, Brigitte A1 - Backmann, Louis A1 - Block, Joern A1 - Braasch, Christian A1 - Coppers, Anna A1 - Dietzel, Caroline A1 - Dreßler, Marc A1 - Echternkamp, Rebekka A1 - Flegel, Nadine A1 - Gallace, Bruno A1 - Günther, Elmar A1 - Hakimian, Daron A1 - Hasnai, Ahmar A1 - Heddenhausen, Paula A1 - Heigwer, Florian A1 - Hempel, Felix A1 - Holzmann, Simon A1 - Jung, Stefanie A1 - Kaiser, Simon A1 - Löhr, Dirk A1 - Lueck, Julian A1 - Mentler, Tilo A1 - Alexandra, Moritz A1 - Morsch, Sandra A1 - Nadler, Marc A1 - Neff, Carina A1 - Nieratschker, Willi A1 - Nett, Diana A1 - Pfeil, Silko A1 - Plaßmann, Jessica A1 - Pöhler, Jonas A1 - Pratika, Rai A1 - Retterath, Lukas A1 - Saumer, Monika A1 - Scherer, Kai A1 - Schuth, Michael A1 - Schuler, Nicolas A1 - Schumann, Christian A1 - Struck, Philipp A1 - Tarasov, Alexey A1 - Teodorescu, Margareta A1 - Salgado, Billy A1 - Van Laerhoven, Kristof A1 - Von Freymann, Georg A1 - Wagner, Max A1 - Wahl, Michael A1 - Weinert, Stephan A1 - Zürbes, Arno ED - Eder, S. ED - Hermsen, T. ED - Schäfer, K.-H. ED - Hermsen, T. ED - Kehr, H. ED - Liersch, A. ED - Mehler-Bicher, A. ED - Piller, G. ED - Te Heesen, H. T1 - Tagungsband HAW-Forschungstag 2024 N2 - Mit dem hier vorliegenden Tagungsband des landesweiten HAW-Forschungstages 2024 an der Hochschule Kaiserslautern ermöglichen wir allen Teilnehmenden und Interessierten einen Einblick in die Vielfalt und Exzellenz der Forschung an unseren Hochschulen in Rheinland-Pfalz. Der HAW-Forschungstag 2024 steht unter dem Motto "Die Zukunft ist WIR – Wissenschaft, Innovation, Rheinland-Pfalz". Unsere Forschungsthemen reichen von Gestaltung über Life Sciences und Informatik bis hin zu Wirtschaft, Soziales und Gesundheit. Diese interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung spiegelt sich in den hier versammelten Beiträgen wider und verdeutlicht die Rolle der Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften als zentrale Player in der modernen Forschungslandschaft. Y1 - U6 - https://doi.org/10.57997/opus4-70 VL - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Lehnert, Lukas W. A1 - Bendix, Jörg A1 - Lentendu, Guillaume A1 - Grube, Martin A1 - Alfaro, Fernando D. A1 - del Rio, Camilo A1 - Alvarado, José Luis Gutiérrez A1 - van den Brink, Liesbeth T1 - The grit crust: A poly-extremotolerant microbial community from the Atacama Desert as a model for astrobiology N2 - The grit crust is a recently discovered, novel type of biocrust made of prokaryotic cyanobacteria, eukaryotic green algae, fungi, lichens and other microbes that grow around and within granitoid stone pebbles of about 6 mm diameter in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert, Chile. The microbial community is very well adapted towards the extreme conditions of the Atacama Desert, such as the highest irradiation of the planet, strong temperature amplitudes and steep wet-dry cycles. It also has several other striking features making this biocrust unique compared to biocrusts known from other arid biomes on Earth. It has already been shown that the grit crust mediates various bio-weathering activities in its natural habitat. These activities prime soil for higher organisms in a way that can be envisioned as a proxy for general processes shaping even extra-terrestrial landscapes. This mini-review highlights the potential of the grit crust as a model for astrobiology in terms of extra-terrestrial microbial colonization and biotechnological applications that support human colonization of planets. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1052278 VL - 2022 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Brand, Rebekah A1 - Briegel-Williams, Laura A1 - Werner, Lina A1 - Jost, Emily A1 - Lentendu, Guillaume A1 - Singer, David A1 - Athavale, Rujuta A1 - Nürnberg, Dennis J. A1 - Alfaro, Fernando D. A1 - Büdel, Burkhard T1 - The symbiotic alga Trebouxia fuels a coherent soil ecosystem on the landscape scale in the Atacama Desert N2 - Biocrusts represent associations of lichens, green algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and other microorganisms, colonizing soils in varying proportions of principally arid biomes. The so‑called grit crust represents a recently discovered type of biocrust situated in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert (Chile) made of microorganisms growing on and in granitoid pebbles, resulting in a checkerboard pattern visible to the naked eye on the landscape scale. This specific microbiome fulfills a broad range of ecosystem services, all probably driven by fog and dew‑induced photosyn‑ thetic activity of mainly micro‑lichens. To understand its biodiversity and impact, we applied a polyphasic approach on the phototrophic microbiome of this biocrust, combining isolation and characterization of the lichen photobionts, multi‑gene phylogeny of the photobionts and mycobionts based on a direct sequencing and microphotography approach, metabarcoding and determination of chlorophylla+b contents. Metabarcoding showed that yet unde‑ scribed lichens within the Caliciaceae dominated the biocrust together with Trebouxia as the most abundant eukary‑ ote in all plots. Together with high mean chlorophylla+b contents exceeding 410 mg m−2 , this distinguished the sym‑ biotic algae Trebouxia as the main driver of the grit crust ecosystem. The trebouxioid photobionts could be assigned to the I (T. impressa/gelatinosa) and A (T. arboricola) clades and represented several lineages containing five potential species candidates, which were identified based on the unique phylogenetic position, morphological features, and developmental cycles of the corresponding isolates. These results designate the grit crust as the only known coherent soil layer with significant landscape covering impact of at least 440 km 2 , predominantly ruled by a single symbiotic algal genus. KW - Lichens KW - Mycobionts KW - Photobionts KW - Caliciaceae KW - Green algae Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00601-5 VL - 2024 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Lakatos, Michael A1 - Briegel-Williams, Laura A1 - Büdel, Burkhard A1 - Schultz, Matthias A1 - Nürnberg, Dennis J. A1 - Grube, Martin A1 - D'Agostino, Paul M. A1 - Kaštovský, Jan A1 - Mares, Jan A1 - Lorenz, Maike A1 - Gil Gonzáles, Manuel Luis A1 - Dal Forno, Manuela A1 - Westberg, Martin A1 - Chrismas, Nathan A1 - Pietrasiak, Nicole A1 - Whelan, Paul A1 - Dvořák, Petr A1 - Košuthová, Alica A1 - Gkelis, Spyros A1 - Bauersachs, Thorsten A1 - Schiefelbein, Ulf A1 - Phi Giao, Võ Thị T1 - The underestimated fraction: diversity, challenges and novel insights into unicellular cyanobionts of lichens N2 - Lichens are remarkable and classic examples of symbiotic organisms that have fascinated scientists for centuries. Yet, it has only been for a couple of decades that significant advances have focused on the diversity of their green algal and/or cyanobacterial photobionts. Cyanolichens, which contain cyanobacteria as their photosynthetic partner, include up to 10% of all known lichens and, as such, studies on their cyanobionts are much rarer compared to their green algal counterparts. For the unicellular cyanobionts, i.e. cyanobacteria that do not form filaments, these studies are even scarcer. Nonetheless, these currently include at least 10 different genera in the cosmopolitan lichen order Lichinales. An international consortium (International Network of CyanoBionts; INCb) will tackle this lack of knowledge. In this article, we discuss the status of current unicellular cyanobiont research, compare the taxonomic resolution of photobionts from cyanolichens with those of green algal lichens (chlorolichens), and give a roadmap of research on how to recondition the underestimated fraction of symbiotic unicellular cyanobacteria in lichens. KW - Chroococcidiopsis KW - Chroococcidiopsidales KW - Lichinales KW - Cyanolichens KW - Lichenology KW - Phycology KW - Photobiont KW - Cyanobiont Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae069 VL - 2024 PB - Oxford Academic CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rani, Dipti A1 - Pachauri, Vivek A1 - Vu, Xuan-Thang A1 - Ingebrandt, Sven T1 - Top-Down Fabricated Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Field-Effect Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen N2 - Highly sensitive electrical detection of biomarkers for the early stage screening of cancer is desired for future, ultrafast diagnostic platforms. In the case of prostate cancer (PCa), the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is of prime interest and its detection in combination with other PCa-relevant biomarkers in a multiplex approach is advised. Toward this goal, we demonstrate the label-free, potentiometric detection of PSA with silicon nanowire ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (Si NW-ISFET) arrays. To realize the field-effect detection, we utilized the DNA aptamerreceptors specific for PSA, which were covalently and site-specifically immobilized on Si NW-ISFETs. The platform was used for quantitative detection of PSA and the change in threshold voltage of the Si NW-ISEFTs was correlated with the concentration of PSA. Concentration-dependent measurements were done in a wide range of 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL, which covers the clinical range of interest. To confirm the PSA−DNA aptamer binding on the Si NW surfaces, a sandwich-immunoassay based on chemiluminescence was implemented. The electrical approach using the Si NW-ISFET platform shows a lower limit of detection and a wide dynamic range of the assay. In future, our platform should be utilized to detect multiple biomarkers in one assay to obtain more reliable information about cancerrelated diseases KW - Sensors KW - Peptids and proteins Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00990 IS - 2018/3 SP - 8471 EP - 8482 PB - ACS Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Masood, Muhammad Irfan A1 - Schäfer, Herbert Karl A1 - Weyland, Maximilian T1 - Troxerutin flavonoid has neuroprotective properties and increases neurite outgrowth and migration of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Troxerutin (TRX) is a water-soluble flavonoid which occurs commonly in the edible plants. Recent studies state that TRX improves the functionality of the nervous system and neutral- izes Amyloid-ß induced neuronal toxicity. In this study, an in vitro assay based upon Neural stem cell (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal balb/c mice was established to explore the impact of TRX on individual neurogenesis processes in general and neuroprotective effect against ß-amyloid 1–42 (Aß42) induced inhibition in differentia- tion in particular. NSCs were identified exploiting immunostaining of the NSCs markers. Neurosphere clonogenic assay and BrdU/Ki67 immunostaining were employed to unravel the impact of TRX on proliferation. Differentiation experiments were carried out for a time span lasting from 48 h to 7 days utilizing ß-tubulin III and GFAP as neuronal and astrocyte marker respectively. Protective effects of TRX on Aß42 induced depression of NSCs differ- entiation were determined after 48 h of application. A neurosphere migration assay was car- ried out for 24 h in the presence and absence of TRX. Interestingly, TRX enhanced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h and 7 days of incubation and significantly enhanced neurite growth. A higher concentration of TRX also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on neurite outgrowth and length after 48 h of incubation. TRX sig- nificantly stimulated cell migration. Overall, TRX not only promoted NSCs differentiation and migration but also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on NSCs. TRX, therefore, offers an interesting lead structure from the perspective of drug design especially to promote neu- rogenesis in neurological disorders i.e. Alzheimer’s disease. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237025 VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krivcov, Alexander A1 - Junkers, Tanja A1 - Möbius, Hildegard T1 - Understanding electrostatic and magnetic forces in magnetic force microscopy: towards single superparamagnetic nanoparticle resolution JF - Journal of Physics Communications N2 - The detection of superparamagnetic nanoparticles by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) at the single particle level faces difficulties such as superposition of nonmagnetic signals caused by electrostatic interactions as well as reaching the resolution limits due to small magnetic interactions. In MFM the magnetic force is measured at a certain distance to the substrate following the topography measured in a first scan to avoid an influence of short range forces (lift mode). In this work we showed that performing MFM on superparamagnetic nanoparticles the increase of the tip-substrate distance above the nanoparticle in lift mode scans leads to a reduction of the electrostatic forces resulting in a positive phase shift in contrast to the negative phase shift of the attractive magnetic force. Identifying the electrostatic force in MFM on nanoparticles as a capacitive coupling effect between tip and substrate the origin of often seen topography mirroring in phase images of nanoparticles in general is theoretically explained and experimentally proved. Minimization of the capacitive coupling by adjusting the work function difference between tip and substrate as well as using an optimized tip allows the magnetic visualization of single 10 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) at ambient conditions with and without an external magnetic field. KW - Electrostatic forces KW - Capacitive coupling KW - Magnetic force microscopy Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/aad3a4 SP - 2 EP - 13 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toldo, Mauro A1 - Jung, Mario A1 - Kuhn, Britta A1 - Garcia, Sebastian Camarero A1 - Neugebauer, Frederik A1 - Russnak, Jan A1 - Zimmermann, Lilli A1 - Jost, Thomas A1 - Fredebeul-Krein, Markus A1 - Kehr, Henning A1 - Wiedemer, Volker A1 - Laske, Theresia A1 - Schurk, Robert A1 - Conrad, Christian A. A1 - Piazolo, Marc ED - Jung, Mario ED - Piazolo, Marc ED - Harms, Inka T1 - Wirtschaftspolitische Weichenstellung für die Zukunft BT - Tagungsband IFT ; Internationale Fachtagung der Professorinnen und Professoren für Volkswirtschaftslehre aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz am 19. und 20. Mai 2022 in Kaiserslautern N2 - Der Sammelband fasst in komprimierter Form die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse und Ergebnisse der Tagung zusammen und verbindet neben aktuellen wirtschaftspolitischen Themen auch volkswirtschaftliche Strukturanalysen. KW - Weltwirtschaft KW - Zukunft KW - Finanzmarkt Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.57997/opus4-66 VL - 2022 ER -