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Der Projektverbund UMWELTnanoTECH wurde 2013 vom Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz gestartet und erstreckte sich über eine Laufzeit von drei Jahren. Es waren neun bayerische Hochschulen beteiligt. Die insgesamt zehn Teilprojekte gliederten sich in neun Forschungsprojekte und ein Koordinierungsprojekt. Jeweils drei der Forschungsprojekte waren in den thematischen Schwerpunkten Organische Photovoltaik, Energiespeicher und Thermoelektrizität zusammengefasst. Über die Tätigkeiten des Verbunds wurde in mehr als 70 Beiträgen berichtet, darunter über 30 wissenschaftliche Originalartikel in internationalen Fachzeitschriften und über 15 Konferenzbeiträge. Es wurden mehrere Kapitel für Fachbücher verfasst, in die die Erkenntnisse der Projekte eingeflossen sind. Ziele und Ergebnisse der Projekte wurden in knapp 20 nichtwissenschaftlichen Beiträgen und Meldungen im Internet, in Magazinen und Berichten zusammengefasst. In allen Schwerpunkten konnten die untersuchten nanotechnologischen Anwendungen auch mit Hilfe umweltverträglicherer Verfahren und Materialien realisiert werden, ohne dadurch entscheidend an Leistungsfähigkeit einzubüßen.
Wie kann man Studierende in ihrer individuellen Persönlichkeitsentwicklung unterstützen und Kompetenzen vermitteln und fördern, damit sie für das spätere Berufsleben gut vorbereitet sind? Im Masterstudiengang für Fahrerassistenzsysteme und Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) werden – unterstützt durch den Forschungsschwerpunkt „Innovative Lehr- und Lernformen“ – angehende Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieure konfrontiert mit neuen Lehr-/Lernformaten. Dazu zählen das agile Projektmanagement-Tool Scrum ebenso wie Design-Thinking-Workshops, die auch in Unternehmen eingesetzt werden, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und in Teams strukturiert Lösungen für Herausforderungen der Zukunft zu finden.
In the Automotive industry and especially in the ADAS domain, functions like “Vehicle Detection”, “Lane Detection” undergo a very costly and time-consuming validation process before their final deployment in the vehicle.
After the completion of the development process, image based detection algorithms usually rely on huge data sets of previously recorded data for performance testing and validation. Though vision data sets like “KITTI Vision Benchmark Dataset” and others are currently available for public use, there still lies numerous requirements that need
to be satisfied and steps that need to be followed in order to pave the way for a proper and meaningful use of the recorded data sets in the scope of image based function testing and validation. Using the publicly available recorded data may be in some cases a good starting point but as we all know sooner or later we will need a more
customized/personalized recorded data sets that capture more precise and detailed specifications like the camera’s technical specifications or even its mounting position in the car. Furthermore, depending on the image based function under investigation, recorded data should also reflect certain driving scenarios in specific environmental conditions (rain, snow, fog, at sun rise, at daytime, at night …) or specific driving parameters like, speed,acceleration, grip, car
orientation, position in lane, etc. that that may be too hard to safety due to safety, financial restrictions or even time
limitations.
In this article we present a method which indicates the most important parameters of influence concerning the fuel consumption and regulated emissions. Using RDE measurements a consumption map of the vehicle and enhanced mathematical models are created that allow the prediction of fuel consumption and emissions for simulated driving routes.
The results show that the simulated fuel consumption fits the measured consumption of the vehicle very good. The deviations between calculated and measured NO2 and NO are relatively high. This is due to the lack of simulation of the emissions after-treatment which is not possible as the relevant parameters are not monitored.
Further investigations are planned for hybrid vehicles, extended environmental con-ditions and modelling of the aftertreatment.
Hintergrund: Fluktuierende erneuerbare Energien erfordern flexible Kraftwerke zum Lastausgleich
Projektziele: Erhöhung der Flexibilität kommunaler Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsanlagen (KWK) durch:
- Optimierte Anlagendynamik
- Wärmespeicherung
- Nutzung von Power-to-Heat
- Einbindung von Strommärkten
Vorgehensweise:
- Instationäre Prozesssimulation der Anlagen
- Nicht-lineare Optimierung der Anlageneinsatzplanung
- Demonstration durch Einbindung in die Leitstandstechnik
- Erstellung eines Betreiberleitfadens
Load Forecasting in District Heating Systems Using Stacked Ensembles of Machine Learning Algorithms
(2021)
For district heating, heat demand forecasting is playing a key role for an optimised power plant dispatch. Machine Learning can help to significantly improve forecasts of thermal loads. The prediction quality of neural networks is higher than that of decision trees in most cases. However, compared to decision trees neural networks have weaknesses when extrapolating outside known ranges. This work presents a novel method called “Deep DHC” (Deep Learning for District Heating and Cooling), which combines these two approaches in order to benefit from strengths of both methods. On the one hand, the novel approach uses conventional decision tree based regression algorithms such as the AdaBoost and Random Forest, as well as artificial neural networks. In addition to common feed forward neural networks (FNN), a deep learning network structure, which consists of long short-term memory (LSTM) cells, is used for the first time. The LSTM method has already proven to be very powerful in modern speech recognition. In order to achieve best possible heat demand forecasts, the aforementioned methods for load forecasting are combined and weighted by an additional machine learning method. Results show that it is possible to achieve a further improvement in forecasting quality for district heating loads by purposefully combining individual forecasting methods. Hence, mean and absolute deviations are significantly reduced in comparison to the individual methods.
Hintergrund: Die COVID-19 Pandemie stellt Bewohner von Altenpflegeeinrichtungen, deren Angehörige bzw. Besucher ebenso wie Mitarbeitende vor große Herausforderungen. Viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen wirken sich stark auf das Wohlbefinden der betroffenen Personengruppen aus. Material und Methode: Systematische Literatursuche nach Studien zu psychosozialen Folgen der Pandemie für Bewohner, deren Angehörige bzw. Besucher und Mitarbeitende und Zusammenführung der Ergebnisse mittels narrativer Synthese.
Ergebnisse: 756 Studien wurden gesichtet, 15 Arbeiten eingeschlossen. Die Daten wurden zwischen Februar und Juni 2020 mit Teilnehmenden aus 14 Ländern erhoben. Es wurden v.a. Einsamkeit, Trauer und Depressivität, aber auch Angst, als häufige Reaktionen der Bewohner auf die Kontakt- und Besuchsrestriktionen berichtet. Bewohner mit kognitiven Einschränkungen litten stärker unter den Auswirkungen, auch wenn es gegenteilige Hinweise gibt. Angehörige bzw. Besucher berichteten ebenfalls von einer Zunahme ihrer Einsamkeit und einer reduzierten Lebensqualität. In den Befragungen der Mitarbeitenden schildern diese Angst vor einer Infektion sowohl bei sich als auch bei den Bewohnern. Infizierte Mitarbeitende in den USA äußerten Wut darüber, nicht ausreichend geschützt geworden zu sein. Darüber hinaus berichteten Mitarbeitende von einer erheblichen Mehrbelastung.
Schlussfolgerung: Infolge der Pandemie und der ergriffenen Maßnahmen wurden negative psychosozialen Folgen bei Bewohnern, deren Angehörigen bzw. Besuchern und den Mitarbeitenden berichtet. Der abzuleitende Unterstützungsbedarfe der drei Personengruppen sind unterschiedlich und sollten bei zukünftigen Maßnahmen hinsichtlich der Pandemie stärker mitevaluiert werden.
The present study investigated the mental workload associated with driving a vehicle equipped with Lane Keeping Assistance System (LKAS). Specifically, an experiment was carried out with16participants driving with LKAS in four real-world scenarios. Effects on mental workload were evaluated with psychophysiological measures such as heart rate and skin conductance response (SCR). The driving performance, which is also a measure of evaluating mental workload, was assessed by measure such as steering reversal rate, variation of lateral position and steering effort. The result suggested that LKAS has reduced physical workload in the steering task. However, the lane keeping performance was not improved. Moreover, the NASA-TLX showed that participants perceived higher mental workload while driving with LKAS. This effect was mirrored in the SCR. The objective data showed that LKAS was associated with higher steering reversal rate, which might explain the reason of participants perceiving higher mental workload. Overall, it was suggested that the mental workload was higher with the tested LKAS.
Due to the rapid progress in the development of automated vehicles over the last decade, their market entry is getting closer. One of the remaining challenges is the safety assessment and type approval of automated vehicles, as conventional testing in the real world would involve an unmanageable mileage. Scenario-based testing using simulation is a promising candidate for overcoming this approval trap. Although the research community has recognized the importance of safeguarding in recent years, the quality of simulation models is rarely taken into account. Without investigating the errors and uncertainties of models, virtual statements about vehicle safety are meaningless. This paper describes a whole process combining model validation and safety assessment. It is demonstrated by means of an actual type-approval regulation that deals with the safety assessment of lane-keeping systems. Based on a thorough analysis of the current state-of-the-art, this paper introduces two approaches for selecting test scenarios. While the model validation scenarios are planned from scratch and focus on scenario coverage, the type-approval scenarios are extracted from measurement data based on a data-driven pipeline. The deviations between lane-keeping behavior in the real and virtual world are quantified using a statistical validation metric. They are then modeled using a regression technique and inferred from the validation experiments to the unseen virtual type-approval scenarios. Finally, this paper examines safety-critical lane crossings, taking into account the modeling errors. It demonstrates the potential of the virtual-based safeguarding process using exemplary simulations and real driving tests.
When will automated vehicles come onto the market? This question has puzzled the automotive industry and society for years. The technology and its implementation have made rapid progress over the last decade, but the challenge of how to prove the safety of these systems has not yet been solved. Since a market launch without proof of safety would neither be accepted by society nor by legislators, much time and many resources have been invested into safety assessment in recent years in order to develop new approaches for an efficient assessment. This paper therefore provides an overview of various approaches, and gives a comprehensive survey of the so-called scenario-based approach. The scenario-based approach is a promising method, in which individual traffic situations are typically tested by means of virtual
simulation. Since an infinite number of different scenarios can theoretically occur in real-world traffic, even the scenario-based approach leaves the question unanswered as to how to break these down into a finite set of scenarios, and find those which are representative in order to render testing more manageable. This
paper provides a comprehensive literature reviewof related safety-assessment publications that deal precisely with this question. Therefore, this paper develops a novel taxonomy for the scenario-based approach, and classifies all literature sources. Based on this, the existing methods will be compared with each other and,
as one conclusion, the alternative concept of formal verification will be combined with the scenario-based approach. Finally, future research priorities are derived.
Unified Framework and Survey for Model Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification
(2020)
Simulation is becoming increasingly important in the development, testing and approval process in many areas of engineering, ranging from finite element models to highly complex cyber-physical systems such as autonomous cars. Simulation must be accompanied by model verification, validation and uncertainty quantification (VV&UQ) activities to assess the inherent errors and uncertainties of each simulation model. However, the VV&UQ methods differ greatly between the application areas. In general, a major challenge is the aggregation of uncertainties from calibration and validation experiments to the actual model predictions under new, untested conditions. This is especially relevant due to high extrapolation uncertainties, if the experimental conditions differ strongly from the prediction conditions, or if the output quantities required for prediction cannot be measured during the experiments. In this paper, both the heterogeneous VV&UQ landscape and the challenge of aggregation will be addressed with a novel modular and unified framework to enable credible decision making based on simulation models. This paper contains a comprehensive survey of over 200 literature sources from many application areas and embeds them into the unified framework. In addition, this paper analyzes and compares the VV&UQ methods and the application areas in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and to derive further research directions. The framework thus combines a variety of VV&UQ methods, so that different engineering areas can benefit from new methods and combinations. Finally, this paper presents a procedure to select a suitable method from the framework for the desired application.
The goal of the presented work is to develop an automotive radar sensor behavioral model to outline closed loop interaction of driver and vehicle in a synthetic environment. For this interaction open simulation interface (OSI) and functional mock-up interface (FMI) standards are used. This paper describes the architecture overview, working concept of FMI, OSI and different radar functions like radar channel and digital signal processing (DSP) in detail. The description of the scenario for the verification of radar behavioral model results and development of highly automated driving (HAD) functions for the closed loop simulation is elaborated in this paper.
The enormous power consumption of Bitcoin has led to undifferentiated discussions in science and practice about the sustainability of blockchain and distributed ledger technology in general. However, blockchain technology is far from homogeneous - not only with regard to its applications, which now go far beyond cryptocurrencies and have reached businesses and the public sector, but also with regard to its technical characteristics and, in particular, its power consumption. This paper summarizes the status quo of the power consumption of various implementations of blockchain technology, with special emphasis on the recent 'Bitcoin Halving' and so-called 'zk-rollups'. We argue that although Bitcoin and other proof-of-work blockchains do indeed consume a lot of power, alternative blockchain solutions with significantly lower power consumption are already available today, and new promising concepts are being tested that could further reduce in particular the power consumption of large blockchain networks in the near future. From this we conclude that although the criticism of Bitcoin's power consumption is legitimate, it should not be used to derive an energy problem of blockchain technology in general. In many cases in which processes can be digitised or improved with the help of more energy-efficient blockchain variants, one can even expect net energy savings.
Package ‘CoopGame’
(2019)
The theory of cooperative games with transferable utility offers useful insights into the way parties can share gains from cooperation and secure sustainable agreements, see e.g. one of the books by Chakravarty,Mitra and Sarkar (2015, ISBN:978-1107058798) or by Driessen (1988,ISBN:978-9027727299) for more details. A comprehensive set of tools for cooperative game theory with transferable utility is provided. Users can create special families of cooperative games, like e.g. bankruptcy games,cost sharing games and weighted voting games. There are functions to check various game properties and to compute five different set-valued solution concepts for cooperative games. A large number of point-valued solution concepts is available reflecting the diverse application areas of cooperative game theory. Some of these point-valued solution concepts can be used to analyze weighted voting games and measure the influence of individual voters within a voting body. There are routines for visualizing both set-valued and point-valued solutions in the case of three or four players.
“Es herrscht Aufbruchstimmung und es bestätigte sich der Eindruck, dass die Relevanz von Open Data in der Tourismusbranche angekommen ist”, so das Fazit von Prof. Dr. Guido Sommer von der Hochschule Kempten, selbst Impulsgeber des 3. Round Table Open Data, der am 24.01.2020 in Treuchtlingen ausgerichtet wurde.
Um den steigenden Ansprüchen der Gäste an aktuelle touristische Informationen gerecht zu werden, spielt besonders die digitale Aufbereitung und Verbreitung von relevanten Daten eine entscheidende Rolle. Derzeit ist die Erfassung und Aktualisierung von Inhalten nicht koordiniert und erfolgt in der Regel dezentral. In der Praxis führt dies häufig zu fehlenden Daten oder einer Flut von unvollständigen Informationen durch doppelte Datenpflege in unterschiedlicher Datenqualität . Während Gäste bei der Suche nach verlässlichen und für sie relevanten Informationen oft verzweifeln, sind die Bereitsteller der Informationen in der Regel damit überfordert, den Bedarf der Detailtiefe in allen Kanälen ausreichend zu bedienen. So müssen zum Beispiel Veranstaltungshinweise von Destinationen in mehreren Systemen eingestellt und gepflegt werden, damit die Informationen über verschiedenen Kanäle auch entsprechend verbreitet werden können. Sollen Daten zwischen unterschiedlichen Kanälen ausgetauscht werden, sind jeweils proprietäre Schnittstellen zwischen den betroffenen Systemen erforderlich. Mit jedem neuen Anbieter am Markt steigt der Bedarf für zusätzliche Schnittstellen zu allen bereits etablierten Systemen immer schneller an. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Datenstrukturen steigen dabei nicht nur die Kosten , sondern auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Inkonsistenzen und Datenverlusten durch
unvollständigen Datenaustausch. Die dezentrale Organisation führt in der Folge oft zu Datensilos und technischen Insellösungen innerhalb der Tourismusbranche.
With the digital transformation and the increasing technological requirements that the tourism industry has to face in the future, the importance of data quality and digital data streams is growing. As more and more data is collected from a few large platforms and often used as an exclusive basis for the development of new services, both, the tourism industry and users are becoming increasingly dependent on the business models and applications of global players. In order to guarantee a digital market for data and applications in the coming years and to find an answer on how to react actively to the outlined developments, it is necessary to consider certain data as infrastructure and as a public good. Following this thought, it must be ensured that the relevant digital information flows in tourism will be transparent and openly available as a crucial basis for innovation and new business models for the general public in the future. The provision of data as Open Data is an approach that has become more and more established worldwide and beyond the field of tourism, and it has been anchored in legislation since the signing of the Open Data Charter by the G8 states in June 2013 (1). In addition to increasing transparency and more data democracy, Open Data is also associated with high economic expectations.
An EU study estimates that, based on the free flow of data, the added value for the European data economy could increase from just under € 300 billion in 2016 to € 739 billion in 2020 (2). For Germany, the authors of a study commissioned by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung estimated between 20.1 and 131.1 billion euros in potential added value through Open Data by 2026, depending on the degree to which Open Data can be established as a key strategic component of social action (3). However, in the field of tourism, the topic of Open Data is still relatively new. For this reason, a Think Tank with international and cross-industry experts set a first goal to discuss and evaluate the significance of Open Data for the tourism industry in September 2017. At the heart of the shared vision on exploiting the emerging opportunities is the development of an Open Digital Data Infrastructure for tourism, where all relevant information in tourism should be provided as Open Data through a coordinated collaboration and cross-industry networking of stakeholders. The joint development of an Open Knowledge Graph for tourism in Europe based on Linked Open Data proposed by Prof. Dr. Fensel of the Semantic Technology Institute in Innsbruck could be an approach to realise the vision.
Since trust is an important basis for creating purposeful networks of people and data, the development of coordinated strategies for the implementation of the vision was primarily considered as a leadership challenge. In addition, the need to prepare the topic of Open Data in tourism for different stakeholders in such a way that the respective challenges and opportunities for tourism become transparent and clearly understandable, was also identified. This white paper summarizes the main findings of the Think Tank and provides an overview and recommendations on current developments in Open Data in tourism. At the same time, it is a call to the industry to actively participate in the strategic discussion and to take on part of the leadership task for the implementation of an Open Digital Data Infrastructure in tourism.
Mit der digitalen Transformation und den zunehmenden technologischen Anforderungen, auf die sich die Tourismusbranche in der Zukunft einstellen muss, wächst die Bedeutung von Datenqualität und digitalen Datenströmen. Während immer mehr Daten von wenigen großen Plattformen gesammelt und häufig als exklusive Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Dienste eingesetzt werden, steigt sowohl die Abhängigkeit der Tourismusbranche als auch die der Nutzer von den Geschäftsmodellen und Anwendungen der globalen Player. Um in den kommenden Jahren einen digitalen Markt für Daten und Anwendungen gewährleisten zu können und eine Antwort darauf zu finden, wie man auf die beschriebene Entwicklung aktiv reagieren kann, ist es erforderlich, bestimmte Daten als Infrastruktur und öffentliches Gut zu betrachten. Dabei ist sicherzustellen, dass die entsprechenden digitalen Informationsflüsse im Tourismus in der Zukunft als entscheidende Grundlage für Innovationen und neue Geschäftsmodelle für die Allgemeinheit transparent und offen verfügbar sein werden. Die Bereitstellung von Daten als Open Data ist ein Ansatz, der sich spätestens seit der Unterzeichnung der Open Data Charta durch die G8-Staaten im Juni 2013 über den Tourismus hinaus weltweit immer mehr etabliert und auch in der Ge-setzgebung verankert (1). Neben zunehmender Transparenz und mehr Datendemokratie sind mit Open Data vor allem auch hohe wirtschaftliche Erwartungen verbunden.
Eine Studie der EU schätzt, dass die Wertschöpfung der europäischen Datenwirtschaft auf Grundlage freier Datenströme von knapp 300 Milliarden Euro in 2016 bis auf 739 Milliarden Euro im Jahr 2020 steigen könnte (2). Für Deutschland rechnen Autoren einer durch die Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung beauftragten Studie bis 2026 mit einer möglichen Wertschöpfung durch Open Data zwischen 12,1 und 131,1 Milliarden Euro, die abhängig davon ist, wie stark Open Data als strategische Kernkom-ponente für das gesellschaftliche Handeln etabliert werden kann (3). Im Bereich Tourismus ist das Thema Open Data allerdings noch relativ neu. Ein Think Tank aus internationalen und branchenübergreifenden Experten machte es sich im September 2017 daher erstmals zum Ziel, die Bedeutung von Open Data für die Tourismusbranche zu diskutieren und eine Bewertung vorzunehmen. Kern der dabei entwickelten gemeinsamen Vision zur Nutzung der entstehenden Chancen ist der Aufbau einer offenen digitalen Dateninfrastruktur im Tou-rismus, bei der alle relevanten Information im Tourismus durch die koordinierte Zu-sammenarbeit und branchenübergreifende Vernetzung der Akteure als Open Data bereitgestellt werden sollten. Der von Prof. Dr. Fensel vom Semantic Technology Institute in Innsbruck vorgeschlagene gemeinsame Aufbau eines Open Knowledge Graphen für den Tourismus in Europa auf Basis von Linked Open Data könnte ein Ansatz sein, die Vision zu realisieren.
Da Vertrauen eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die zielführende Vernetzung von Menschen und Daten darstellt, wurde die Entwicklung von koordinierten Strategien zur Umsetzung der Vision in erster Linie als Leadership-Herausforderung eingeschätzt. Außerdem wurde die Notwendigkeit identifiziert, das Thema Open Data im Tourismus für unterschiedliche Stakeholder so aufzubereiten, dass die jeweiligen Herausforderungen und Chancen für den Tourismus transparent und klar verständ-lich werden. Das vorliegende White Paper fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des Think Tanks zusammen und gibt einen Überblick und Empfehlungen zu aktuellen Entwicklungen von Open Data im Tourismus. Es ist zugleich ein Aufruf an die Branche, sich aktiv an der strategischen Diskussion zu beteiligen und einen Teil der Leadership-Aufgabe für die Umsetzung einer offenen digitalen Dateninfrastruktur im Tourismus zu übernehmen
The public goods game is a famous example illustrating the tragedy of the commons (Hardin in Science 162:1243–1248, 1968). In this game cooperating individuals contribute to a pool, which in turn is distributed to all members of the group, including defectors who reap the same rewards as cooperators without having made a contribution before. The question is now, how to incentivize group members to all cooperate as it maximizes the common good. While costly punishment (Helbing et al. in New J Phys 12:083005, 2010) presents one such method, the cost of punishment still reduces the common good. The selfishness of the group members favors defectors. Here we show that including other members of the groups and sharing rewards with them can be another incentive for cooperation, avoiding the cost required for punishment. Further, we show how punishment and this form of inclusiveness interact. This work suggests that a redistribution similar to a basic income that is coupled to the economic success of the entire group could overcome the tragedy of the commons.
Emerging digital technologies enable the creation of new services and business models, leading to ecosystems’ continuous change. In the tourism industry, new digital-savvy players like Airbnb have entered and created entirely new market segments, while many existing players are challenged to redefine their business logic. However, the literature does not provide a generic overview of the value network in tourism, including new market players, and their ways of interacting. Therefore, this paper develops a current overview of the value network of the European tourism ecosystem. By analyzing the business models and value streams of 704 European enterprises based on Crunchbase data, we identified 27 distinct roles and their respective interrelations in the domain. To validate the proposed value network, we conducted five expert interviews. Our results highlight the continuously growing importance of intermediaries in tourism. Furthermore, new technology players offer new opportunities for innovative services, creating high dynamism in the industry. Nonetheless, local entities, such as residents and communities, play a central role in European tourism and need to be included in experiences provided to tourists. Scholars and practitioners might use the results to identify disruptive actors and opportunities for innovation and niche creation. Additionally, the results can be used as a basis for further analysis of the ecosystem’s ongoing changes induced through technological advancements or external events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Are men and women in leadership roles different? How do the self-images of male and female leaders differ? Is there a linkage between leadership, gender and self-image? Based on a omprehensive overview of relevant theoretical concepts and scientific literature, the Leadership Tasks Survey was used for a self- assessment of 91 German leaders. The collected data was processed and statistically analyzed. The concepts of leadership, gender and self-image are strongly linked to each other. Differences exist between the self-images of men and women in leadership positions with women having the more negative, self-critical self- image. These differences were found to be statistically significant. Introduction; Literature Review; Research questions and methods; Empirical results; Conclusion; About the author; Bibliography
Equations of the form ?[?] = 0, ?: ? ⟶ ?̅ smooth, ?, ?̅ real Banach spaces are investigated with the aim of continuing the basic solution ?[0] = 0 with ? ′ [0] Fredholm operator to a solution curve ?[?(?)] = 0 with the implicit function theorem. If ? ′ [0] is surjective, then the transversality condition of the implicit function theorem can be satisfied in a straightforward way, yielding a regular solution curve, whereas otherwise the equation ?[?] = 0 has to be extended appropriately for reaching a surjective linearization accessible to the implicit function theorem. This extension process, implying in the first step the standard bifurcation theorem of simple bifurcation points, is continued arbitrarily, yielding a sequence of bifurcation results presumably being applicable to bifurcation points with finite degeneracy.
The system of undetermined coefficients of a bifurcation problem
?[?] = 0 in Banach spaces is investigated for proving the existence of families of solution curves by use of the implicit function theorem. The main theorem represents an Artin-Tougeron type result in the sense that approximation of order 2? ensures exact solutions agreeing up to order ? with the approximation
[13], [22]. Alternatively, it may be interpreted as Hensel’s Lemma in Banach spaces. In the spirit of [9] and [18], the required surjectivity condition is interpreted as a direct sum condition of order ? that allows for solving the remainder equation
with respect to graded subspaces derived from an appropriate filtration [24], [25]. In the direction of these subspaces, the determinant can be calculated in a finite dimensional setting, enabling the investigation of secondary global bifurcation phenomena by sign change of Brouwer’s degree [18]. The direct sum
condition seems to be a generalization of the direct sum condition introduced in [9].
The implicit function theorem delivers stability of ? leading coefficients [?̅1 , … , ??̅] with respect to perturbations of order 2? +1 and uniqueness in pointed wedges around the solution curves. Further, denoting by ?̅∞ the subset of arc space ?∞ with [?̅1 , … , ??̅] fixed, ?̅∞ is iteratively approximated by ?̅ 2?+? as ? → ∞. In addition, a lower bound of the Greenberg function ?(?) of a singularity is constructed by use of a step function obtained from ?-degree of different solution curves.
Finally, based on Kouchnirenko’s theorem [17] and an extension in [6], the results are applied to Newton-polygons where it is shown that the Milnor number of a singularity can be calculated by the sum of ?-degrees of corresponding solution curves. Simple ???-singularities are investigated in detail. The main theorem represents a version of strong implicit function theorem in Banach spaces, possibly comparable to theorems in [2]. Moreover, our aim is to extend the direct sum condition of order ? from [9] to certain topics in singularity and approximation theory. Generalizations to modules as well as specializations to polynomials seem to be promising.
A note on an expansion formula with application to nonlinear Differential-Algebraic-Equations
(2019)
In [DL] systems of differential polynomials are investigated with
respect to properties of Artin approximation type. The key tool in [DL] is an extended version of a formula by Hurwitz [Hu] expressing high order derivatives of an expansion by lower ones. The formula is further refined in [VFZ] to deliver sufficient conditions concerning the existence of power series solutions of scalar algebraic differential equations of order?.
In the paper at hand, the main results from [VFZ] are first reproduced and further extended to systems of nonlinear differential algebraic equations. In addition, a simple extension of Tougeron’s implicit function theorem is given in a specific constellation.
The results follow from [S1], [S2] where Artin approximation is treated within a Banach space setting, thereby constructing an expansion formula that expresses accurately the required dependency of low and high order derivatives within the system of undetermined coefficients.
Balancing mechanisms assure grid stability. Especially well-suited for balancing purposes are large-scale storage facilities (SFs). However, the potential for these is in major parts set by geographic realities. On a transnational level, offering that potential to regions in need of balancing power (BP) does not often appear to be economically viable - an issue that is frequently related to the construction of power lines. Thus, in this article, we illustrate an early version of a design artifact giving remote balancing mechanisms access to a local BP market without deploying power lines: utilization of data centers (DCs) is typically very low (30-40%) representing a cheap source of demand flexibility. We thus let one DC participate in an existing BP market while tying a second to a remote balancing mechanism. By doing so, the design artifact enables both load and BP to flow seamlessly between distinct power markets contributing to grid stability and efficient utilization of balancing mechanisms. Within this extended summary, we perform a preliminary evaluation of the design artifact based on real-world data.
Das Beanspruchungsgeschehen und die Schadensentstehung an Glocken wurden in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten in national und europäisch geförderten Forschungsvorhaben umfassend untersucht. Die Ursachen und Zusammenhänge für die Entstehung und Ausbreitung von Ermüdungsschäden und Schlagverschleiss an Glocken konnten umfassend geklärt und einer ingenieursmässigen Betrachtung zugänglich gemacht werden. Die abgeleiteten Auslegungsverfahren erlauben eine rechnerische Bestimmung des Risikos für Ermüdungsschäden an Glocken sowie die gezielte Beeinflussung der klanglichen Eigenschaften der läutenden Glocke. Die Läutebedingungen lassen sich damit für die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen gezielt optimieren - sei es aus denkmalpflegerischer Sicht zur Minimierung des Schadensrisikos, sei es aus musikalischer Sicht zur Verbesserung der Klangentfaltung oder Lautstärke. Über die ingenieursmässige Optimierung des Glockensystems hinaus beeinflussen auch äussere Bedingungen die Läutebelastungen und die Klangentfaltung der Glocke. Die Läutemaschine als Energielieferant des Systems sowie die Montagebedingungen des Klöppels besitzen erheblichen Ein- fluss auf ein schonendes Läuten der Glocke und einen gleichmäs- sigen Anschlag des Klöppels beim Läuten. Der musikalische Fingerabdruck von Glocken ist ein auf Klangmessungen basierendes Analyseverfahren, mit dem der Zustand von Glocken ermittelt werden kann. Mithilfe von Frequenzanalysen wird festgestellt, ob und in welchem Umfang Schäden im Klangkörper von Glocken vorliegen. Der musikalische Fingerabdruck stellt damit die Grundlage für ein individuell an- gepasstes Sanierungskonzept dar, insbesondere zur Festlegung der zukünftigen Läutebelastungen sowie der zukünftigen Anschlagsposition des Klöppels. Das Verfahren ermöglicht auch eine effiziente und kostengünstige Methode, um insbesondere historisch wertvolle, vorgeschädigte oder sehr grosse Glocken überwachen zu können, um Ermüdungsschäden so frühzeitig zu ermitteln, dass mit den vorhandenen Optimierungsmethoden das Wachstum von Rissen stark verlangsamt oder gestoppt werden kann.
Marketing literature has previously and repeatedly outlined the positive sales effects of displays in food retailing. Therefore, its increasing usage and space allocation is not surprising. Although the promised sales increases of more than 400% should result in even higher usage rates. So the question is if sales and store managers are mismanaging their stores or if a more differentiated evaluation of displays in food retailing necessary. This paper addresses the benefits of displays in food retailing from a holistic perspective, evaluating its overall profitability for stores rather than just sales effects. Additionally it compares displays from a product category’s perspective.
The rising adoption of cloud computing and increasing interconnections among its actors lead to the emergence of network-like structures and new associated risks. A major obstacle for addressing these risks is the lack of transparency concerning the underlying network structure and the dissemination of risks therein. Existing research does not consider the risk perspective in a cloud network’s context. We address this research gap with the construction of a reference model that can display such networks and therefore supports risk identification. We evaluate the reference model through real-world examples and interviews with industry experts and demonstrate its applicability. The model provides a better understanding of cloud networks and causalities between related risks. These insights can be used to develop appropriate risk management strategies in cloud networks. The reference model sets a basis for future risk quantification approaches as well as for the design of (IT) tools for risk analysis.
Sector coupling (SC) describes the concept of a purposeful connection and interaction of energy sectors to increase the flexibility of supply, demand, and storing. While SC is linked to research on smart energy system and locates itself in the research stream of 100% renewable energy systems, it currently focusses on counteracting challenges of temporal energy balancing induced by the intermittent feed-in of renewable energy sources. As regarding the coupling of grids, SC currently remains within classical energy grids. It does not exploit the coupled sectors’ potential to its full extent and, hence, lacks a holistic view. To include this view, we call on the use of all grids from coupled sectors for spatial energy transportation, resulting in an infrastructural system. By using the different loss structures of coupled grids, we illustrate how a holistic view on SC minimizes transportation losses. We argue that SC should include all grids that transport whichever type of energy (e.g., even transportation or communication grids). Ultimately, we derive and discuss implications relevant for policy makers and research: We illustrate why regulation and market design should be aligned in a way that the resulting incentives within and across the different sectors support climate change goals.
Many publications work on optimization of driving styles in motor vehicles. Most conclude that they can improve energy efficiency through training. In recent years the tools to address those problems evolved towards machine learning. To get appropriate data for learning algorithms we developed a method to judge a driving style with respect to energy efficiency. This approach leveraged handpicked criteria like acceleration extracted from GPS. Like related works, this method does not scale, since it requires substantial preprocessing. The goal of this evaluation was to reduce the resistance energy of a driven trip, while maintaining a natural traffic flow. This was accomplished by mimicking a low-pass filter on the speed profile. On top excessive speeding gets punished. It was possible to use our data with over 1 million kilometers for training a Recurrent Neural Network. In respect to the RNN the training data was used, to let it map the obtained function. The provided data was adjusted in different stages, until it was only the raw GPS data. The RNN learned to handle most GPS errors, only in initial phases the results are mixed. A RNN Network is well suited to handle GPS data and learn higher level features on its own. The result is a NN which judges the driving style using only raw GPS data.
In this contribution we present a game-based learning concept which is based on mobile devices. It focuses a joyful stabilization of knowledge and the engagement of students using the Gamification approach and its game mechanics. Previous findings how to promote students’ motivation are adapted in the mobile context and discussed. A pre-evaluation of the prototype is described with its findings.
Employee Retention Management: long-term retention of employees – a comparison of generations
(2019)
Which factors influence the long-term retention of employees? What differences can be found in the characteristics of different generations and to what extent is generation specific Employee Retention Management (ERM) necessary for long-term retention? Which measures and possible actions can be derived?
Background
Hip fractures are regarded as a worldwide epidemic and a major public health concern. Changing risk factors, local differences and temporal trends contribute to the particular epidemiology of hip fractures. This overview gives a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology of hip fractures and reviews where German data have contributed to the literature.
Methods
The review of the epidemiology of hip fractures in Germany is based on a systematic literature search in PubMed.
Information about the global epidemiology of hip fractures was provided by a selective literature review focusing on specific aspects
of the epidemiology of hip fractures.
Results
Hip fracture rates vary more than 100-fold between different countries. In most high-income countries, a rise in agestandardized
hip fracture rates was observed until the 1980s and 1990s and a decrease thereafter. Such a decrease has not been observed for Germany so far. Many factors,diseases and drugs have been found to be
associated with hip fractures and there is some evidence that fracture risk in later life is already programmed during fetal life and
early childhood. Of the hip fracture burden 50% occur in people with disability and in need of care. In nursing homes approximately 4 fractures can be expected in 100 women per year. In people with intellectual or developmental disabilities comparable risks of hip fracture occur 10–40 years earlier than in the general population. Incidence of disability, institutionalization and death are frequent consequences of hip fractures.
Conclusion
The epidemiology of hip fractures is characterizedby a high burden of disease, local differences, temporal trends, well-defined high-risk populations and many established risk factors.
Im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit wird der Zusammenhang zwischen einer Online-Übung zur strukturierten Testfallermittlung, implementiert in einer Lehr-Lern-Plattform, und ihrer motivierenden Wirkung auf Informatik-Studierende untersucht. Dabei werden skalierte Lösungshinweise für das individuelle Einüben der strukturierten Testfallermittlung geliefert, die während der Präsenzlehre nicht im notwendigen Umfang geleistet werden können. Die Online-Übung führt dabei schrittweise an die strukturierte Bearbeitung der Testfallermittlung heran und bietet durch qualifiziertes Feedback Hilfestellungen beim Erlernen an. Erstmals im Sommersemester 2016 wurde die Online-Übung eng verzahnt mit der Präsenz-Übung eingesetzt
und mit Lehrenden und Studierenden evaluiert. Letztere zeigten durch die Online-Übung eine höhere Motivation, sich mit dem Lerngegenstand auseinanderzusetzen. Für Lehrende vereinfacht das in der Online-Übung verwendete Schema die Einführung in das Thema.
This paper describes ongoing research concerning the effective development of gamified learning arrangements. It shows the necessity for more standardization of the design of such arrangements and reveals potential ways in order to support this need with the use of a domain-specific modeling language. The latter is used by lecturers for designing and exchanging models of gamified learning arrangements and provides the possibility to automatically generate a working learning management system using a language specific generator. The generated learning management system can directly be used by learners and furthermore allows to track the individual learning process for both learners and lecturers.
Introduction Sarcopenia has been recognised as a disease that is consistently associated with a range of geriatric syndromes and negative health consequences. The prevalence of sarcopenia is high among nursing home residents. Several systematic reviews have assessed the efficacy of a range of treatment strategies against sarcopenia. However, no systematic review discussing specifically the treatment options for sarcopenic nursing home residents has been conducted so far. The objective of this scoping review, therefore, is to identify and map existing studies that assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions that were conducted with the aim to treat sarcopenic nursing home residents. Methods and analysis The protocol was developed using an established scoping review methodological framework. A systematic search of relevant literature databases will be conducted. We will also conduct a search of ClinicalTrials. gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal for ongoing and recently completed trials, and will search for grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by screening of the full text of potentially relevant articles to determine final inclusion. A data extraction sheet will be developed including key study characteristics that will be relevant for collating, summarising and reporting the results of the scoping review. Ethics and dissemination The proposed scoping review will undertake a secondary analysis of publicly available data, and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated to researchers in the field by submitting the review to a peer-reviewed international journal and by presenting our findings at relevant conferences. We expect that the results of the final review will help to guide future research in the field of sarcopenia treatment for nursing home residents.
This paper addresses the analysis of aircraft control capabilities during the cruise phase (flying at the established level with practically constant configuration and speed) in the presence of windshears. The study uses a point-mass aircraft model describing flight in a vertical plane. The problem is formulated as a differential game against wind disturbances. The first player, autopilot, controls the angle of attack and the power setting, whereas the second player, wind, produces dangerous gusts. The state variables of the model are subjected to constraints expressing aircraft safety conditions. Namely, the altitude, path inclination, and velocity are constrained. Viability theory is used to find the so-called viability kernel, the maximal subset of the state constraint where the aircraft trajectories can remain arbitrary long if the first player utilizes an appropriate feedback control, and the second player generates any admissible disturbances. The computations are based on grid methods developed by the authors and implemented on a multiprocessor computer system.
Although there are several empirical studies about active learning in higher education, there are some open research questions. Especially, it appears to be relevant to find out what type of activity (active, interactive and constructive) has a positive effect on the learning result of participants in task-based activities. In order to answer this question an experimental study was conducted with students in German higher education (N=50). The results do not show a significant difference between active, interactive and constructive activities on learning performance in task-based learning. But all groups have benefited from the classroom activities according to the test results.
Emendo – A Toolchain for Creating Gamified Learning Arrangements for Online Learning Settings
(2018)
This contribution describes the Emendo toolchain which enables the effective creation and implementation of gamified learning arrangements for online learning settings based on the domain-specific modeling approach. The components of Emendo are a domain-specific modeling language, a generator which transforms models based on the language into source code as well as the embedding of the latter in a learning management system. Scenarios for the usage of Emendo for teaching and learning are presented with respect to the functionalities of the toolchain. In addition, a qualitative evaluation concerning Emendo’s goals, concept and insights on the results is given. The evaluation shows that Emendo reaches high acceptance for teaching purposes and can serve as a promising means for the digitisation of teaching and learning.
Im Hochschulkontext spielt die individuelle und effektive Beratung von Studierenden eine zentrale Rolle für qualitativ hochwertige Lehre (z.B. Hebecker, Szczyrba & Wildt 2016; Macke, Hanke & Viehmann 2002; Wildt & Wildt 2016). Bemerkenswert ist hierbei, dass viele Hochschullehrende angeben, kein ausreichendes Wissen im Bereich Beratungskompetenz und Gesprächsführung zu besitzen (vgl. Wergen
2011). In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, dieses Beratungsfeld systematisch zu betrachten und insbesondere den Ansatz der „lösungsorientierten Beratung“ nach Steve de Shazer näher vorzustellen. Das Ziel besteht insofern darin, fundierte Erkenntnisse für jene Lehrende bereit zu stellen, welche ihre Beratungstätigkeiten professionalisieren möchten.
Die vorgestellten Ansätze sind theoriebasiert und werden mit praktischen Fallbeispielen aus der Hochschullehre untermauert.
Eine der größten Barrieren der heutigen Elektrofahrzeuge ist ihre limitierte Reichweite. Obwohl die Mehrheit der Autofahrer nicht mehr als 40 Kilometer pro Tag fährt ([MiD2008]), ist das Kaufverhalten für Elektrofahrzeuge mit viel kleinerer Reichweite als solcher mit Verbrennungsmotoren sehr zurückhaltend. Mit dieser Arbeit adressieren wir die zusätzlichen Informationsbedürfnisse der Fahrer von E-Fahrzeugen durch die Entwicklung einer Applikation für Standard-Smartphones, welche sowohl eine detaillierte und genaue grafische Repräsentation der Reichweite des Elektrofahrzeugs ermöglicht, als auch einen fortgeschrittenen Routing-Algorithmus implementiert, der den spezifischen Energieverbrauch des Elektrofahrzeugs berücksichtigt.
Im Rahmen der Regionalisierungsoffensive der Bayerischen Staatsregierung wurde von den Hochschulen Augsburg, Kempten und Neu-Ulm ein gemeinsames Studienkonzept entwickelt, das durch die Kombination der Elemente Teilzeit-Studiengang, digitaler Lehre und Präsenzlehre neue Möglichkeiten für praxisnahe Hochschullehre bietet. Der Studiengang spricht sowohl Schulabsolventen mit dem Ziel eines praxisintegrierten Studiums als auch berufserfahrene Interessenten an, die in Teilzeit eine akademische Weiterqualifikation anstreben. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Studierendengruppe mit heterogenen Lernbiographien, denen mit passenden didaktischen Konzepten entsprochen wird. Durch die Kombination von Blended-Learning Konzepten mit einem neuen Studienzeitmodell wird den Studierenden eine große zeitliche Flexibilität für die Erarbeitung der Studieninhalte gegeben, die es ihnen ermöglicht parallel zum Studium in Unternehmen zu arbeiten.
Die Digitalisierung in der Produktion stellt die Industrie vor große Herausforderungen. Eine Umfrage der IHK Schwaben hat ergeben, dass insbesondere Fachpersonal für das Thema fehlt. Über das Projekt Digital und Regional haben sich daher die drei schwäbischen Hochschulen Augsburg, Kempten und Neu-Ulm der gemeinsamen Aus- und Weiterbildung in diesem Themenfeld durch den Studiengang Systems Engineering gewidmet. Der Studiengang wird an den Hochschulzentren Memmingen und Nördlingen parallel angeboten. Der Studiengang ist als Teilzeit-Bachelorstudiengang mit hohen Anteilen an digitalen Inhalten konzipiert und ermöglicht durch die spezielle zeitliche Organisation eine parallele Beschäftigung in Unternehmen.
Die Apothekerschaft fordert seit Jahren eine adäquate Honorierung pharmazeutischer Dienstleistungen. Wenn es um allgemeine Tätigkeiten in der Offizin geht, dann werden entsprechende Anträge beispielsweise im Vorfeld zu den Deutschen Apothekertagen formuliert. Die Forderung nach einer angemessenen Honorierung im Bezug auf die Verblisterung wird jedoch eher weniger öffentlichkeitswirksam aufgestellt, vermutlich auch weil das Thema standespolitisch nie richtig forciert wurde. Mit der Folge, dass die Verblisterung z.B. für Pflegeheime bis vor wenigen Jahren von Apotheken mitunter kostenlos erbracht wurde oder bei Weitem nicht kostendeckend bezahlt wurde. Im Rahmen einer aktuellen Studie wurden die Vergütungen ambulanter Pflegedienste in zwölf Bundesländern untersucht. Die Ergebnisse können zum einen als eine mögliche Bezugsgröße für Honorarverhandlungen herangezogen werden. Zum anderen deuten sie darauf hin, dass es Opportunitäten für Apotheken gibt, die Verblisterung für ambulante Pflegedienste auszubauen.