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Background
Hip fractures are regarded as a worldwide epidemic and a major public health concern. Changing risk factors, local differences and temporal trends contribute to the particular epidemiology of hip fractures. This overview gives a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology of hip fractures and reviews where German data have contributed to the literature.
Methods
The review of the epidemiology of hip fractures in Germany is based on a systematic literature search in PubMed.
Information about the global epidemiology of hip fractures was provided by a selective literature review focusing on specific aspects
of the epidemiology of hip fractures.
Results
Hip fracture rates vary more than 100-fold between different countries. In most high-income countries, a rise in agestandardized
hip fracture rates was observed until the 1980s and 1990s and a decrease thereafter. Such a decrease has not been observed for Germany so far. Many factors,diseases and drugs have been found to be
associated with hip fractures and there is some evidence that fracture risk in later life is already programmed during fetal life and
early childhood. Of the hip fracture burden 50% occur in people with disability and in need of care. In nursing homes approximately 4 fractures can be expected in 100 women per year. In people with intellectual or developmental disabilities comparable risks of hip fracture occur 10–40 years earlier than in the general population. Incidence of disability, institutionalization and death are frequent consequences of hip fractures.
Conclusion
The epidemiology of hip fractures is characterizedby a high burden of disease, local differences, temporal trends, well-defined high-risk populations and many established risk factors.
Im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit wird der Zusammenhang zwischen einer Online-Übung zur strukturierten Testfallermittlung, implementiert in einer Lehr-Lern-Plattform, und ihrer motivierenden Wirkung auf Informatik-Studierende untersucht. Dabei werden skalierte Lösungshinweise für das individuelle Einüben der strukturierten Testfallermittlung geliefert, die während der Präsenzlehre nicht im notwendigen Umfang geleistet werden können. Die Online-Übung führt dabei schrittweise an die strukturierte Bearbeitung der Testfallermittlung heran und bietet durch qualifiziertes Feedback Hilfestellungen beim Erlernen an. Erstmals im Sommersemester 2016 wurde die Online-Übung eng verzahnt mit der Präsenz-Übung eingesetzt
und mit Lehrenden und Studierenden evaluiert. Letztere zeigten durch die Online-Übung eine höhere Motivation, sich mit dem Lerngegenstand auseinanderzusetzen. Für Lehrende vereinfacht das in der Online-Übung verwendete Schema die Einführung in das Thema.
This paper describes ongoing research concerning the effective development of gamified learning arrangements. It shows the necessity for more standardization of the design of such arrangements and reveals potential ways in order to support this need with the use of a domain-specific modeling language. The latter is used by lecturers for designing and exchanging models of gamified learning arrangements and provides the possibility to automatically generate a working learning management system using a language specific generator. The generated learning management system can directly be used by learners and furthermore allows to track the individual learning process for both learners and lecturers.
Introduction Sarcopenia has been recognised as a disease that is consistently associated with a range of geriatric syndromes and negative health consequences. The prevalence of sarcopenia is high among nursing home residents. Several systematic reviews have assessed the efficacy of a range of treatment strategies against sarcopenia. However, no systematic review discussing specifically the treatment options for sarcopenic nursing home residents has been conducted so far. The objective of this scoping review, therefore, is to identify and map existing studies that assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions that were conducted with the aim to treat sarcopenic nursing home residents. Methods and analysis The protocol was developed using an established scoping review methodological framework. A systematic search of relevant literature databases will be conducted. We will also conduct a search of ClinicalTrials. gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal for ongoing and recently completed trials, and will search for grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by screening of the full text of potentially relevant articles to determine final inclusion. A data extraction sheet will be developed including key study characteristics that will be relevant for collating, summarising and reporting the results of the scoping review. Ethics and dissemination The proposed scoping review will undertake a secondary analysis of publicly available data, and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated to researchers in the field by submitting the review to a peer-reviewed international journal and by presenting our findings at relevant conferences. We expect that the results of the final review will help to guide future research in the field of sarcopenia treatment for nursing home residents.
This paper addresses the analysis of aircraft control capabilities during the cruise phase (flying at the established level with practically constant configuration and speed) in the presence of windshears. The study uses a point-mass aircraft model describing flight in a vertical plane. The problem is formulated as a differential game against wind disturbances. The first player, autopilot, controls the angle of attack and the power setting, whereas the second player, wind, produces dangerous gusts. The state variables of the model are subjected to constraints expressing aircraft safety conditions. Namely, the altitude, path inclination, and velocity are constrained. Viability theory is used to find the so-called viability kernel, the maximal subset of the state constraint where the aircraft trajectories can remain arbitrary long if the first player utilizes an appropriate feedback control, and the second player generates any admissible disturbances. The computations are based on grid methods developed by the authors and implemented on a multiprocessor computer system.
Although there are several empirical studies about active learning in higher education, there are some open research questions. Especially, it appears to be relevant to find out what type of activity (active, interactive and constructive) has a positive effect on the learning result of participants in task-based activities. In order to answer this question an experimental study was conducted with students in German higher education (N=50). The results do not show a significant difference between active, interactive and constructive activities on learning performance in task-based learning. But all groups have benefited from the classroom activities according to the test results.
Emendo – A Toolchain for Creating Gamified Learning Arrangements for Online Learning Settings
(2018)
This contribution describes the Emendo toolchain which enables the effective creation and implementation of gamified learning arrangements for online learning settings based on the domain-specific modeling approach. The components of Emendo are a domain-specific modeling language, a generator which transforms models based on the language into source code as well as the embedding of the latter in a learning management system. Scenarios for the usage of Emendo for teaching and learning are presented with respect to the functionalities of the toolchain. In addition, a qualitative evaluation concerning Emendo’s goals, concept and insights on the results is given. The evaluation shows that Emendo reaches high acceptance for teaching purposes and can serve as a promising means for the digitisation of teaching and learning.
Im Hochschulkontext spielt die individuelle und effektive Beratung von Studierenden eine zentrale Rolle für qualitativ hochwertige Lehre (z.B. Hebecker, Szczyrba & Wildt 2016; Macke, Hanke & Viehmann 2002; Wildt & Wildt 2016). Bemerkenswert ist hierbei, dass viele Hochschullehrende angeben, kein ausreichendes Wissen im Bereich Beratungskompetenz und Gesprächsführung zu besitzen (vgl. Wergen
2011). In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, dieses Beratungsfeld systematisch zu betrachten und insbesondere den Ansatz der „lösungsorientierten Beratung“ nach Steve de Shazer näher vorzustellen. Das Ziel besteht insofern darin, fundierte Erkenntnisse für jene Lehrende bereit zu stellen, welche ihre Beratungstätigkeiten professionalisieren möchten.
Die vorgestellten Ansätze sind theoriebasiert und werden mit praktischen Fallbeispielen aus der Hochschullehre untermauert.
Eine der größten Barrieren der heutigen Elektrofahrzeuge ist ihre limitierte Reichweite. Obwohl die Mehrheit der Autofahrer nicht mehr als 40 Kilometer pro Tag fährt ([MiD2008]), ist das Kaufverhalten für Elektrofahrzeuge mit viel kleinerer Reichweite als solcher mit Verbrennungsmotoren sehr zurückhaltend. Mit dieser Arbeit adressieren wir die zusätzlichen Informationsbedürfnisse der Fahrer von E-Fahrzeugen durch die Entwicklung einer Applikation für Standard-Smartphones, welche sowohl eine detaillierte und genaue grafische Repräsentation der Reichweite des Elektrofahrzeugs ermöglicht, als auch einen fortgeschrittenen Routing-Algorithmus implementiert, der den spezifischen Energieverbrauch des Elektrofahrzeugs berücksichtigt.