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The increasing decentralization of the power supply poses new challenges to the market integration of renewable energies. One concept for the market integration of distributed energy resources (DER) is the virtual power plant (VPP). A VPP aggregates a portfolio of smaller DERs and operates them as a unified and flexible resource on the energy and balancing power markets. The operation planning of the market participation is, however, characterized by uncertainties, mainly due to the forecasting errors of renewable energy resources. Thus, this paper presents a model for the multi-market operation planning plan of a VPP with regard to the forecasting errors of the associated DERs. The spot- and intraday markets and the balancing power markets are modeled individually to ensure a valid market participation of the VPP. The forecasting errors are integrated in the planning process through a two-stage stochastic optimization. Exemplary results show the impact of controllable DERs in the planning process of a VPP consisting of a storage system and several PV power plants.
Local energy markets (LEM) represent a user-centric approach to provide direct market access to prosumers able to compensate selected inadequacies associated with the current design of central energy markets. This paper presents four LEM design options and introduces the specific configurations for both an auction-based and a central coordinator approach. While both approaches aim at maximizing welfare, they differ with regard to the role assumed for the LEM participants and coordinator. Finally, exemplary results are discussed for a test case.
Transactive energy approaches entail the paradigm shifts needed for a successful energy transition towards cleaner energy systems. In the research project pebbles, one such approach aims at developing a Blockchain-based platform for enabling both local energy markets directly accessible to prosumers and distribution grid services. The present paper describes the project’s goal, scope and preliminary findings laying the focus on the conceptual groundwork for the development of a prototypical platform.
The massive development and implementation of small- and medium-scale generation units within the distribution grids result in novel needs and options for ancillary services. The project DeCAS develops solutions for the coordinated activation of ancillary cross-voltage-level services considering the different objective functions of individual voltage levels. This study aims to analyse, define and describe common requirements focusing on a technical, stakeholder and market perspective.