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The Efficiency and Profitability of the Modular Multilevel Battery for Frequency Containment Reserve
(2021)
The modular multilevel battery (M2B) is a novel approach to integrate battery storage into the electricity grid. This paper obtains the efficiency and financial benefits of a working prototype system, compared to conventional systems for frequency containment reserve (FCR). The efficiency is determined with a low-level simulation that models the conduction losses on the circuit, the MOSFETs’ switching and conduction losses, and the system consumption. The simulation model shows, that the efficiency is superior to conventional inverters over the entire operating range. The operation for FCR shows a cost-reduction of 50% for transactions on the intraday market, resulting in a 72.9% higher net-profit after 10 years.