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The rapid decentralization of energy generation and storage facilitates an opportunity to redesign existing energy systems. Here, peer-to-peer energy trading in local markets offers advantages for demand response and flexibility of energy delivery, yet it still faces problems of customer acceptance, namely, concerns over sharing control of batteries and the degradation impacts of increased cycles. To help overcome these hurdles, this research develops a techno-economic model that optimizes the interplay between peer-to-peer trading and energy management systems in a community. The model distinguishes between two decision making approaches in a local electricity market: decentral, where the household retains full control over its storages, and central, where the flexibilities are fully leveraged to maximize the community benefit. Both approaches demonstrate the significant monetary benefit of peer-to-peer trading, with the central approach reaching the greatest profitability potential. Negative effects on the battery lifetime only occur in the central case with bidirectional vehicles, and the degradation is comparatively slight.
This work discusses the grid-level suitability for stationary battery energy storage systems based on lithium ion technology in general, focusing on the integration of such systems in the low-voltage grid-level in Europe. The vast majority of recent research regarding stationary battery storage systems focuses on single-electricity-grid voltage levels, whereas the interaction of different electricity grid-levels has been widely neglected. Challenges in distribution grids mostly originate from the quantity of challenges in low-voltage grids, stationary battery energy storage systems that are operated in low-voltage grids may reduce these challenges. Therefore, this work investigates stationary battery energy storage systems installed in low-voltage grids and their effects on superimposed grid-levels. Simulation results show that grid challenges, addressed by battery storage systems in low-voltage grids, have positive multiplicative impacts on upper grid levels, reducing local grid demand and lowering power peak stress. A proposal is presented for a low-voltage grid battery storage system that can be operated to fulfill the aforementioned functionality and yield the benefits via a multi-purpose or multi-tasking battery storage system.