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Critical studies on intercultural communication have predominantly focused on international tourism settings to explore how tour guides and tourists deploy linguistic resources to produce, stylize, and commodify cultural differences. Yet, the interculturality in domestic tour guiding situations has been overlooked so far. Therefore, this chapter proposes to investigate two bilingual guided tours at the intra-national French-Swiss German language border in Switzerland, where guides and tour participants come from the same country/region and share the same language(s). The study views these tours as discursive spaces of identification and resistance, and adopts a critical ethnographic sociolinguistic approach to explore how cultural identities are invoked, negotiated, or challenged in guide-tour participant interactions. The analysis reveals that essentialist ideologies of the interrelation of space, language, ethnicity, and culture are celebrated to build and to consume a sense of group identity and belonging among the guides and the tour participants, but they are at times also contested. By shedding light on how languages are called into being and are used in these touristic activities, this chapter aims at unpacking the role of language in the (re)production of culturalized differences, power relations, and inequalities.
The (Hidden) Politics of Language Choice in Research on Multilingualism: Moments of (Dis)Empowerment
(2022)
Dans l'industrie du tourisme des destinations périphériques, on s'approprie souvent les langues/variétés locales comme une marque d'authenticité. Les langues (inter)nationales, quant à elles, servent d'instrument de communication avec les touristes. Cette appropriation économique des langues demande des compétences langagières spécifiques et une haute flexibilité linguistique de la part des employé.e.s du secteur du tourisme. La présente contribution traite de cette problématique dans la ville bilingue de Morat, située à la frontière linguistique franco-allemande en Suisse. Dans ce contexte, le rôle du "bilinguisme" en tant que critère de sélection pour l'accès au marché du travail dans le secteur touristique sera examiné dans une perspective sociolinguistique critique. L'enquête ethnographique d'un processus de recrutement montre que la définition du bilinguisme est régie par un ensemble d'idéologies langagières propres à l'économie politique locale des langues, c'est-à-dire la valorisation de certaines combinaisons de langues/variétés et de certaines conceptions de ce qu'est la compétence linguistique. Dans cet article, il s'agira de retracer comment la définition du bilinguisme est négociée tout au long d'un processus de recrutement et comment, de ce fait, les connaissances linguistiques des candidat.e.s peuvent être une variable pertinente, mais aussi d'une pertinence variable pour l'in- et l'exclusion de ce marché de travail spécifique.
Local languages/varieties play a key role in the construction of an authentic and local tourism experience. This is also the case in the bilingual town of Murten, which uses its situation at the language border between the French- and the German-speaking part of Switzerland and the local bilingualism to attract and entertain tourists in different ways. Taking the example of a theatrical bilingual guided tour, this paper focuses on the linguistic management adopted by the involved touristic institutions in order to package and adjust the local linguistic diversity to turn it into a touristic experience that can be commodified on the tourism market.
The price of immersion: language learners as a cheap workforce in Malta’s voluntourism industry
(2021)
This contribution treats “language immersion” as a linguistic ideology and explores narratives, practices, and subjectivities pertinent to that notion in the context of language-motivated voluntourism. Voluntourism programs offer short-term sojourns abroad, which combine voluntary work with holidays while promising “immersion” as an efficient alternative to classroom language learning. In the Mediterranean island state of Malta, whose population is mostly bilingual in English and Maltese, voluntourism has become an attractive product for the booming English language travel industry. Since there is a lack of critical sociolinguistic and second language acquisition research on the language learning trajectories of voluntourists, this piece examines the promise of immersion through the example of a hostel that figures as a workplace. Drawing on ethnographic data, it investigates how learning English through immersion while working abroad is imagined and promoted, whether or not it occurs, and what gains (linguistic or otherwise) it generates and for whom. The article argues that the voluntourism industry appropriates the discourse of immersion to responsibilize English learners for their linguistic self-skilling, thereby constituting them as neoliberal subjects that can easily be exploited as a cheap workforce.
Dreaming of Entrepreneurship, Europe, English, and Freedom: Voluntourism as a Pure Survival Strategy
(2023)
Voluntourism is often depicted as a leisure activity of young White middle-class people from the Global North who engage as volunteers in humanitarian aid projects in the Global South. This chapter offers a contrasting insight into voluntourism practices using the example of a young man from Northwest Africa, who aspires to learn English to fulfill his dream of becoming an entrepreneur in Europe. Having entered Europe as a language student, he uses voluntourism as a pure survival strategy after his visa expires. Tracing his five-year odyssey through Europe, this chapter draws on several in-depth interviews and ethnographic data to explore how his language learning trajectory and voluntourism practices are shaped by neoliberal governance. While his dream of making a living in Europe is undergirded by the desire for upward social mobility as well as emancipation from his parental home and cultural constraints in his country of origin, he ends up submitting himself to extremely precarious living/working conditions and new dependencies instead.
Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) addresses sensor performance limitations and deep learning-based object detection insufficiencies to ensure the intended functionality of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). This paper presents a methodology examining the adaptability and performance evaluation of the 3D object detection methods on a LiDAR point cloud dataset generated by simulating a SOTIF-related Use Case. The major contributions of this paper include defining and modeling a SOTIF-related Use Case with 21 diverse weather conditions and generating a LiDAR point cloud dataset suitable for application of 3D object detection methods. The dataset consists of 547 frames, encompassing clear, cloudy, rainy weather conditions, corresponding to different times of the day, including noon, sunset, and night. Employing MMDetection3D and OpenPCDET toolkits, the performance of State-of-the-Art (SOTA) 3D object detection methods is evaluated and compared by testing the pre-trained Deep Lea rning (DL) models on the generated dataset using Average Precision (AP) and Recall metrics.
Driving simulators are used to test under reproducible conditions, however, they must be validated for each application. This guarantees that the gathered data on the simulator is representative of real vehicle data. This paper examines and compares objective data from 20 drivers that are recorded on a six degrees of freedom (DOF) high dynamic driving simulator and a passenger vehicle in the compact class on a proving ground. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparability of the behavior of the subjects in their driving task on the driving simulator compared to the real driving test. The driving maneuvers include the 18 m slalom and an ISO double lane change (ISO 3888-2). The real car’s measurement setup is composed of an inertial measurement unit and access to the chassis CAN messages. The driving simulator is equipped with the same real electrical power steering as the test vehicle. Furthermore, a fully validated vehicle model is used in the simulation. Objective key performance indicators such as maximum steering wheel angle, steering wheel torque, lateral acceleration, yaw rate, and yaw gain deviate from around -18% to 10% in the slalom, with the majority of parameters not showing significant differences. Bigger differences are found for the double lane change. Overall, the results demonstrate a satisfactory degree of correlation between the driver behavior on the driving simulator and the real vehicle, even up to achieving absolute validity.
Comfort evaluation on a dynamic driving simulator with advanced tire, road and vehicle models
(2024)
The topics of automated driving and digitization are becoming increasingly im-portant and will shape the future of mobility. The potential of this technology is enormous. Concurrently, manufacturers want to continue to differentiate them-selves in driving characteristics typical of their brands. Rapid developments re-garding technological changes as well as legal regulations combined with short development times present new challenges for the entire automotive industry. In this context, virtualization and front-loading methods play a major role within the vehicle development. There has been a clear trend of pushing virtual devel-opment via simulation to reduce the number of necessary prototypes. Since however, both engineers and management still rely heavily on the crucial in-sights gained by real road tests, subjective closed-loop assessment must remain a part of this virtual process. Driving simulators have the potential to bridge these gaps, allowing engineers and test drivers to subjectively experience and assess new systems in an early virtual phase of development.
Kempten University of Applied Sciences is working with research and technol-ogy partners to research and further develop their dynamic driving simulator. With the goal to develop use-case specific methods for virtual vehicle develop-ment, the simulator’s novel motion platform is used specifically for research projects in areas requiring high dynamic performance such as vehicle dynamics and ride. This paper describes the methods and solutions developed in an R&D project investigating the simulator’s capabilities for ride comfort evaluation, such as primary & secondary ride. With the goal to enable experienced test drivers to perform a subjective ride evaluation in a very early development phase, the simulator’s real-time environment was extended with the highly so-phisticated tire model FTire. This paper provides an overview of the system’s performance regarding subjective ride assessment. It presents a brief insight into the detailed road modelling and describes the measures taken to ensure real-time capability of the individual model interfaces. Objective performance evaluation shows the benefit of this work for comfort evaluation in early phases of virtual development.