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Tötungsdelikte von Jugendlichen: Die Rolle von (Gewalt)-Fantasien, Realitätsbezug und Identität
(2025)
Im folgenden Beitrag werden die Realitätsverankerung, die Identitätsbildung und die Gedanken- sowie Vorstellungswelt von jungen Tötungsdelinquenten betrachtet. Ausgehend von wissenschaftlichen Studien zum Medieneinfluss auf die Aggressivität und sogenannten biopsychosozialen Entwicklungstheorien werden phänomenologische Überschneidungen von pseudologischen Schilderungen, Nebenrealität sowie psychotischen und dissoziativen Störungen herausgearbeitet. Insbesondere wird auf verschiedene Formen der Fantasietätigkeit bei Tötungsdelinquenten eingegangen. Anhand von vier Fallbeispielen werden diese Begriffe vertiefend dargestellt. Abschließend werden wichtige praktische und wissenschaftliche Aspekte für die forensische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie abgeleitet sowie kritisch diskutiert.
This study investigates whether the visual color design of concert halls influences the room acoustic impression during musical performances. While previous research has failed to show effects on the perceived loudness and reverberance of music venues, the present audiovisual experiment explores the cross-modal impact of vision on a broader set of room acoustic properties, including timbre-related attributes such as brilliance, warmth, clarity, and roughness. For this purpose, 48 participants rated eight room acoustic attributes while listening to motion-tracked musical performances in virtual concert halls with systematically varied color schemes. Musical experience and expertise of the participants were assessed as moderating variables using the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index. The results showed no significant effects of color on perceived loudness or reverberance, suggesting that these attributes remain predominantly unimodal. However, a significant visual influence was observed on the perceived acoustic “Warmth” and overall “Liking” of the performance. These effects were significantly moderated by the participants' musical experience. Thus, this study suggests that concert hall color design can affect auditory timbre perception through semantically mediated cross-modal interactions, highlighting the interplay between visual aesthetics and auditory experience during musical performances.
Background: Heart transplantation constitutes not only a profound physiological impact but also imposes immense psychological strain, necessitating a deeper comprehension and optimal promotion of subjective well-being. Objective: Quantitative data collection of relationships between the subjective well-being of heart transplant patients and selected influencing factors was investigated. Material and Methods: In a random sample of 97 heart transplant patients, quality of life was measured with the MLDL, subjective well-being with the HSWBS, social support with the SUCE-4, social activities, personality traits with the BFI-10 and the UGTS, as well as disease management according to the EFK, and physical complaints with the ERSD-SC TM were determined using an online survey. Results: In addition to physical well-being, social life, personality traits, the type of disease (chronic or spontaneous), and functional capacity have a significant impact on subjective well-being. Conclusion: In addition to physical well-being, psychosocial monitoring should also be established in transplantation medicine, and the long-term involvement of psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and social workers should be considered. After a heart transplantation, caring for the mind is just as essential as caring for the body, as subjective well-being is a product of the reciprocal influences of physical and psychological states.
Influence of mental effort on sound evaluations in virtual and real experimental environments
(2025)
Psychoacoustic research increasingly relies on virtual reality (VR) to account for the complexity of acoustic scenarios and enhance the ecological validity of laboratory findings. However, recent studies suggest that virtual environments can alter mental effort compared to real-world settings, for example, through increased perceptual complexity which in turn may affect auditory perception.This could bias experimental outcomes and compromise the ecological validity of studies conducted in VR. To investigate this, a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted to assess whether VR environments increase mental effort and thereby influence auditory perception. A real office environment was visually reconstructed in Unity and presented to the participants via a head-mounted display (HMD) and compared to its real counterpart. Participants in both environments were asked to retrospectively rate the loudness and unpleasantness of dynamically rendered binaural office noise scenarios presented via headphones and to report perceived sound sources. Moreover, participants were divided into two groups to induce different levels of mental effort. One group was asked to listen only to the sounds, while the other performed the Stroop Color-Word interference test in parallel. The results show no significant difference in the overall induced mental effort between environment conditions. Furthermore, performing the Stroop test had an effect on loudness and unpleasantness that was mediated by subjective effort. The results also suggest that auditory jugment depend primarily on individual sound properties, regardless of the visual environment.
Laboratory experiments in psychoacoustical and soundscape research indicate that participants perceive a reproduction sound level lowered by 8-10 dB as more plausible than the original level. This bias supposedly roots in an adaptation of perceptual loudness scaling to the laboratory environment, that is overall quieter than urban outdoor soundscapes. To gain further insights into the nature of such loudness bias, we conducted a listening experiment in both field and laboratory using a within-subjects design. Thirty-one participants visited a street and listened to the environmental sounds for one minute, while these sounds were also recorded using a dummy head. Thereafter, they listened to the recording in a quiet laboratory nearby and adjusted its level as they remembered it. About half of the sample did this immediately, the other half about 20 minutes after the recording. Results confirm a bias towards lower levels with a mean of about 8.9 dB, regardless of the time between the recording and the reproduction in the laboratory. Also, participants with higher musical abilities tended to select higher, more accurate levels, whereas noise-sensitive participants deemed lower levels appropriate. Results suggest that the hypothesized adaptation of perceptual scaling to the laboratory happens immediately and is affected by individual factors.
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der unbewussten Wirkung von Setting und Sitzordnung auf Beratungssituationen und -prozesse. Neben evolutionspsychologischen, architekturpsychologischen und kulturgeschichtlichen Hintergründen werden Setting und Sitzordnung in der Familie, in Kindergarten und Schule sowie in Unternehmen und Organisationen dargestellt und reflektiert. Der mögliche Zugang zu Kulturthemen von Organisationen über die bewusste Wahrnehmung von Sitzordnung und Sitzpositionen in der Praxis als Berater oder Beraterin wird dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden typische Beratungssettings reflektiert und konkrete Methoden in der Arbeit mit Sitzordnung und Setting werden vorgestellt.
The set includes data related to the paper "The vibe of musical and social reward: Listening to beat-based music acts as a surrogate for socioemotional support during the Covid-19 pandemic"
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Dataset of the related text publication: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2529116/v1
