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The PSFC, or Pioneer Sound Field Controller, is a DSP-driven hemispherical loudspeaker array, installed at the University of Aizu Multimedia Center. The PSFC features realtime manipulation of the primary components of sound spatialization for each of two audio sources located in a virtual environment, including the content (apparent direction and distance) and context (room characteristics: reverberation level, room size and liveness). In an alternate mode, it can also direct the destination of the two separate input signals across 14 loudspeakers, manipulating the direction of the virtual sound sources with no control over apparent distance other than that afforded by source loudness (including no simulated environmental reflections or reverberation). The PSFC speaker dome is about 10 m in diameter, accommodating about fifty simultaneous users, including about twenty users comfortably standing or sitting near its ``sweet spot,'' the area in which the illusions of sound spatialization are most vivid. Collocated with a large screen rear-projection stereographic display, the PSFC is intended for advanced multimedia and virtual reality applications.
Geschäftsmodelle für das Internet der Dinge: Welche Geschäftsmodellinnovation passt zum Unternehmen?
(2020)
The optimization of full-scale biogas plant operation is of great importance to make biomass a competitive source of renewable energy. The implementation of innovative control and optimization algorithms, such as Nonlinear Model Predictive Control, requires an online estimation of operating states of biogas plants. This state estimation allows for optimal control and operating decisions according to the actual state of a plant. In this paper such a state estimator is developed using a calibrated simulation model of a full-scale biogas plant, which is based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1. The use of advanced pattern recognition methods shows that model states can be predicted from basic online measurements such as biogas production, CH4 and CO2 content in the biogas, pH value and substrate feed volume of known substrates. The machine learning methods used are trained and evaluated using synthetic data created with the biogas plant model simulating over a wide range of possible plant operating regions. Results show that the operating state vector of the modelled anaerobic digestion process can be predicted with an overall accuracy of about 90%. This facilitates the application of state-based optimization and control algorithms on full-scale biogas plants and therefore fosters the production of eco-friendly energy from biomass.
Men afflicted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show signs of muscle dysfunction, such as increased muscle fatigue and acidosis during exercise. We hypothesize that muscle elasticity of the lower extremities differs between patients with COPD and age-related controls. The shear modulus of the soleus muscle was measured non-invasively using MR elastography (MRE) at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the subject’s maximum applied force. The results from this study showed statistical differences between the patients and controls, even though there were no statistical differences in the maximum applied force.
Men afflicted with hypogonadism have reduced fat-free mass and in some cases a loss in muscle strength. We hypothesize that muscle elasticity of the lower extremities differs between patients with hypogonadism and healthy controls. The shear modulus of the soleus muscle was measured non-invasively using MR elastography (MRE) at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the subject’s maximum applied force. The results from this study showed statistical differences between the patients and controls, even though there were no statistical differences in applied force.
In the present contribution, the utilization of steel-mill gases for an industrial methanol synthesis process is described. The focus of this work is on the influence of syngas compositions derived from steel-mill gases on an industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. Elevated CO2 and H2O concentrations seem to have an irreversible impact on the activity of the catalyst. In order to obtain realistic gas composition for the catalyst tests, a process simulation of the methanol synthesis was conducted. The calculated gas compositions at the reactor inlet were applied in a practical test in order to evaluate the catalyst stability under steel mill gas conditions. No noticeable deactivation was observed.