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Men afflicted with hypogonadism have reduced fat-free mass and in some cases a loss in muscle strength. We hypothesize that muscle elasticity of the lower extremities differs between patients with hypogonadism and healthy controls. The shear modulus of the soleus muscle was measured non-invasively using MR elastography (MRE) at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the subject’s maximum applied force. The results from this study showed statistical differences between the patients and controls, even though there were no statistical differences in applied force.
Men afflicted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show signs of muscle dysfunction, such as increased muscle fatigue and acidosis during exercise. We hypothesize that muscle elasticity of the lower extremities differs between patients with COPD and age-related controls. The shear modulus of the soleus muscle was measured non-invasively using MR elastography (MRE) at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the subject’s maximum applied force. The results from this study showed statistical differences between the patients and controls, even though there were no statistical differences in the maximum applied force.
Abstract The modulation-transfer function (MTF) is a fundamental optical metric to measure the optical quality of an imaging system. In the automotive industry it is used to qualify camera systems for ADAS/AD. Each modern ADAS/AD system includes evaluation algorithms for environment perception and decision making that are based on AI/ML methods and neural networks. The performance of these AI algorithms is measured by established metrics like Average Precision (AP) or precision-recall-curves. In this article we research the robustness of the link between the optical quality metric and the AI performance metric. A series of numerical experiments were performed with object detection and instance segmentation algorithms (cars, pedestrians) evaluated on image databases with varying optical quality. We demonstrate with these that for strong optical aberrations a distinct performance loss is apparent, but that for subtle optical quality differences – as might arise during production tolerances – this link does not exhibit a satisfactory correlation. This calls into question how reliable the current industry practice is where a produced camera is tested end-of-line (EOL) with the MTF, and fixed MTF thresholds are used to qualify the performance of the camera-under-test.
Many different cell types are able to migrate by formation of a thin actin-based cytoskeletal extension. Recently, it became evident that this extension consists of two distinct substructures, designated lamellipodium and lamellum, which differ significantly in their kinetic and kinematic properties as well as their biochemical composition. We developed a stochastic two-dimensional computer simulation that includes chemical reaction kinetics, G-actin diffusion, and filament transport to investigate the formation of growing actin networks in migrating cells. Model parameters were chosen based on experimental data or theoretical considerations. In this work, we demonstrate the system's ability to form two distinct networks by self-organization. We found a characteristic transition in mean filament length as well as a distinct maximum in depolymerization flux, both within the first 1-2 microm. The separation into two distinct substructures was found to be extremely robust with respect to initial conditions and variation of model parameters. We quantitatively investigated the complex interplay between ADF/cofilin and tropomyosin and propose a plausible mechanism that leads to spatial separation of, respectively, ADF/cofilin- or tropomyosin-dominated compartments. Tropomyosin was found to play an important role in stabilizing the lamellar actin network. Furthermore, the influence of filament severing and annealing on the network properties is explored, and simulation data are compared to existing experimental data.
The rock material pentlandite with the composition Fe4.5Ni4.5S8 was synthesized via high temperature synthesis from the elements. The structure and composition of the material was characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Two preparation methods of pentlandite bulk electrodes are presented. In the first approach a piece of synthetic pentlandite rock is directly contacted via a wire ferrule. The second approach utilizes pentlandite pellets, pressed from finely ground powder, which is immobilized in a Teflon casing. Both electrodes, whilst being prepared by an additive-free method, reveal high durability during electrocatalytic conversions in comparison to common drop-coating methods. We herein showcase the striking performance of such electrodes to accomplish the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and present a standardized method to evaluate the electrocatalytic performance by electrochemical and gas chromatographic methods. Furthermore, we report stability tests via potentiostatic methods at an overpotential of 0.6 V to explore the material limitations of the electrodes during electrolysis under industrial relevant conditions.
In the present contribution, the utilization of steel-mill gases for an industrial methanol synthesis process is described. The focus of this work is on the influence of syngas compositions derived from steel-mill gases on an industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. Elevated CO2 and H2O concentrations seem to have an irreversible impact on the activity of the catalyst. In order to obtain realistic gas composition for the catalyst tests, a process simulation of the methanol synthesis was conducted. The calculated gas compositions at the reactor inlet were applied in a practical test in order to evaluate the catalyst stability under steel mill gas conditions. No noticeable deactivation was observed.
The optimization of full-scale biogas plant operation is of great importance to make biomass a competitive source of renewable energy. The implementation of innovative control and optimization algorithms, such as Nonlinear Model Predictive Control, requires an online estimation of operating states of biogas plants. This state estimation allows for optimal control and operating decisions according to the actual state of a plant. In this paper such a state estimator is developed using a calibrated simulation model of a full-scale biogas plant, which is based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1. The use of advanced pattern recognition methods shows that model states can be predicted from basic online measurements such as biogas production, CH4 and CO2 content in the biogas, pH value and substrate feed volume of known substrates. The machine learning methods used are trained and evaluated using synthetic data created with the biogas plant model simulating over a wide range of possible plant operating regions. Results show that the operating state vector of the modelled anaerobic digestion process can be predicted with an overall accuracy of about 90%. This facilitates the application of state-based optimization and control algorithms on full-scale biogas plants and therefore fosters the production of eco-friendly energy from biomass.
Kaufhaus-Punk auf youtube. Mediale Kontrolle zwischen Musiker und Fans am Beispiel von Jan Delay
(2012)
We present a system that exploits mobile rotational tracking and photospherical imagery to allow users to share their environment with remotely connected peers “on the go.” We surveyed related interfaces and developed a unique groupware application that shares a mixed reality space with spatially-oriented live video feeds. Users can collaborate through realtime audio, video, and drawings in a virtual space. The developed system was tested in a preliminary user study, which confirmed an increase in spatial and situational awareness among viewers as well as reduction in cognitive workload. Believing that our system provides a novel style of collaboration in mixed reality environments, we discuss future applications and extensions of our prototype.
Geschäftsmodelle für das Internet der Dinge: Welche Geschäftsmodellinnovation passt zum Unternehmen?
(2020)
“Net Zero-Energy Building” has become a popular catchphrase to describe the synergy between energy-efficient building and renewable energy utilisation to achieve a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. Taking into account the energy exchange with a grid overcomes the limitations of energy-autonomous buildings with the need for seasonal energy storage on-site. Although the expression, “Net Zero-Energy Building,” appears in many energy policy documents, a harmonised definition or a standardised balancing method is still lacking. This paper reports on the background and the various effects influencing the energy balance approach. After discussing the national energy code framework in Germany, a harmonised terminology and balancing procedure is proposed. The procedure takes not only the energy balance but also energy efficiency and load matching into account.
Die Begriffe „Nullenergiehaus“ oder „Plusenergiehaus“ sind in den letzten Jahren national und international zum Inbegriff für die konsequente Zusammenführung von Maßnahmen zur drastischen Energieeinsparung und optimierter, dezentraler Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien geworden. Dabei geht es nicht um energieautarke Gebäude und die dabei große Herausforderung der saisonalen Energiespeicherung. Grundidee ist, dass die von einem Gebäude in ein Netz eingespeiste Energiemenge in der Jahresbilanz mindestens dem Energiebezug entspricht. Sowohl im Kontext der Fortführung der europäischen Gebäuderichtline als auch im aktuellen Energiekonzept und Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung wird das Thema besetzt.
The PSFC, or Pioneer Sound Field Controller, is a DSP-driven hemispherical loudspeaker array, installed at the University of Aizu Multimedia Center. The PSFC features realtime manipulation of the primary components of sound spatialization for each of two audio sources located in a virtual environment, including the content (apparent direction and distance) and context (room characteristics: reverberation level, room size and liveness). In an alternate mode, it can also direct the destination of the two separate input signals across 14 loudspeakers, manipulating the direction of the virtual sound sources with no control over apparent distance other than that afforded by source loudness (including no simulated environmental reflections or reverberation). The PSFC speaker dome is about 10 m in diameter, accommodating about fifty simultaneous users, including about twenty users comfortably standing or sitting near its ``sweet spot,'' the area in which the illusions of sound spatialization are most vivid. Collocated with a large screen rear-projection stereographic display, the PSFC is intended for advanced multimedia and virtual reality applications.