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In dieser Arbeit wird ein umfassender Überblick über die Entwicklung und die gegenwärtige Bedeutung von Anonymität im Internet, einschließlich des Dark Nets, gegeben. Durch die Analyse verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten beleuchten wir die vielschichtigen Aspekte und Auswirkungen der Anonymität im Web. Wir diskutieren technische Mittel zur Wahrung der Anonymität, wie den Tor- Browser und VPNs, und betrachten die sozialen Implikationen von Anonymität auf individueller, gruppenspezifischer und politischer Ebene. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den positiven und negativen Folgen von Anonymität, insbesondere in Bezug auf Datenschutz, Meinungsfreiheit und Cyberkriminalität. Unsere Analyse verdeutlicht, dass Anonymität im Internet ein komplexes Phänomen ist, das je nach Nutzung positive und negative Effekte haben kann. Diese Arbeit schließt mit einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen ab, unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer ausgewogenen Betrachtung und diskutiert die Herausforderungen bei der Bekämpfung von Cyberkriminalität im Dark Web, während gleichzeitig die Privatsphäre und Sicherheit der Nutzer geschützt werden.
Diese Seminararbeit beleuchtet das Thema Online-Tracking und seine Auswirkungen auf die Privatsphäre und den Datenschutz. Es wird untersucht, wer mit welchen Zielen digitale Spuren hinterlässt, insbesondere im E-Commerce. Die Rolle von Unternehmen im Tracking-Prozess und der Einsatz verschiedener Technologien wie Cookies und Cross-Device-Tracking werden diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden Handlungsoptionen für Nutzer und ethische Aspekte, einschließlich der Einhaltung der DSGVO, diskutiert. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, ein Bewusstsein für die Komplexität und die ethischen Herausforderungen des Trackings zu schaffen und Wege zum Schutz der Nutzerdaten aufzuzeigen.
The soundscape approach highlights the role of situational factors in sound evaluations; however, only a few studies have applied a multi‐domain approach including sound‐related, person‐related, and time‐varying situational variables. Therefore, we conducted a study based on the Experience Sampling Method to measure the relative contribution of a broad range of potentially relevant acoustic and non‐auditory variables in predicting indoor soundscape evaluations. Here we present the comprehensive dataset for which 105 participants reported temporally (rather) stable trait variables such as noise sensitivity, trait affect, and quality of life. They rated 6.594 situations regarding the soundscape standard dimensions, perceived loudness, and the saliency of its sound components and evaluated situational variables such as state affect, perceived control, activity, and location. To complement these subject‐centered data, we additionally crowdsourced object‐centered data by having participants make binaural measurements of each indoor soundscape at their homes using a low‐(self‐)noise recorder. These recordings were used to compute (psycho‐)acoustical indices such as the energetically averaged loudness level, the A‐weighted energetically averaged equivalent continuous sound pressure level, and the A‐weighted five‐percent exceedance level. This complex hierarchical data can be used to investigate time‐varying non‐auditory influences on sound perception and to develop soundscape indicators based on the binaural recordings to predict soundscape evaluations.
Die volumetrische Erfassung von Aushüben auf Baustellen ist ein kostenrelevanter Faktor und wird auch heute im täglichen Baustellenbetrieb oft noch in manueller Detailarbeit durchgeführt. Kostengünstige Sensoren zur Tiefenerfassung ermöglichen die halbautomatische Erfassung von Baugruben. Augmented Reality (AR) kann für diesen Prozess das nötige Feedback liefern. Vorgestellt wird ein Prototyp, bestehend aus einem Tablet mit integrierter Kamera und einem Lidar-Scanner. Es wird die Erfassung des Volumens bezüglich Nutzbarkeit und Genauigkeit mit Einsatz von AR getestet und evaluiert. Zur Bestimmung des Volumens wird unter Verwendung von Strahlen mit Unterstützung einer Grafik-Engine ein Algorithmus entwickelt. Der Algorithmus ist robust gegen nicht vollständig geschlossene Volumen. Die Bedienung, Überprüfung und Visualisierung findet durch praktischen Einsatz von AR statt.
Many different cell types are able to migrate by formation of a thin actin-based cytoskeletal extension. Recently, it became evident that this extension consists of two distinct substructures, designated lamellipodium and lamellum, which differ significantly in their kinetic and kinematic properties as well as their biochemical composition. We developed a stochastic two-dimensional computer simulation that includes chemical reaction kinetics, G-actin diffusion, and filament transport to investigate the formation of growing actin networks in migrating cells. Model parameters were chosen based on experimental data or theoretical considerations. In this work, we demonstrate the system's ability to form two distinct networks by self-organization. We found a characteristic transition in mean filament length as well as a distinct maximum in depolymerization flux, both within the first 1-2 microm. The separation into two distinct substructures was found to be extremely robust with respect to initial conditions and variation of model parameters. We quantitatively investigated the complex interplay between ADF/cofilin and tropomyosin and propose a plausible mechanism that leads to spatial separation of, respectively, ADF/cofilin- or tropomyosin-dominated compartments. Tropomyosin was found to play an important role in stabilizing the lamellar actin network. Furthermore, the influence of filament severing and annealing on the network properties is explored, and simulation data are compared to existing experimental data.
Despite its impressive complexity the cytoskeleton succeeds to persistently organize itself and thus the cells' interior. In contrast to classical man-made machines, much of the cellular organization originates from inherent self-assembly and self-organization allowing a high degree of autonomy for various functional units. Recent experimental and theoretical studies revealed numerous examples of cytoskeleton components that arrange and organize in a self-regulative way. In the present review we want to shortly summarize some of the principle mechanisms that are able to inherently trigger and regulate the cytoskeleton organization. Although taken individually most of these regulative principles are rather simple with intuitively predictable consequences, combinations of two or more of these mechanisms can quickly give rise to very complex, unexpected behavior and might even be able to explain the formation of different functional units out of a common pool of available building blocks.
Soundscaping im häuslichen Umfeld - Können Wassergeräusche Straßenverkehrslärm erträglicher machen?
(2014)
We present a system that exploits mobile rotational tracking and photospherical imagery to allow users to share their environment with remotely connected peers “on the go.” We surveyed related interfaces and developed a unique groupware application that shares a mixed reality space with spatially-oriented live video feeds. Users can collaborate through realtime audio, video, and drawings in a virtual space. The developed system was tested in a preliminary user study, which confirmed an increase in spatial and situational awareness among viewers as well as reduction in cognitive workload. Believing that our system provides a novel style of collaboration in mixed reality environments, we discuss future applications and extensions of our prototype.
The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
(2017)
Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement. // Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement.
Music listening has become a highly individualized activity with smartphones and music streaming services providing listeners with absolute freedom to listen to any kind of music in any situation. Until now, little has been written about the processes underlying the selection of music in daily life. The present study aimed to disentangle some of the complex processes among the listener, situation, and functions of music listening involved in music selection. Utilizing the experience sampling method, data were collected from 119 participants using a smartphone application. For 10 consecutive days, participants received 14 prompts using stratified-random sampling throughout the day and reported on their music-listening behavior. Statistical learning procedures on multilevel regression models and multilevel structural equation modeling were used to determine the most important predictors and analyze mediation processes between person, situation, functions of listening, and music selection. Results revealed that the features of music selected in daily life were predominantly determined by situational characteristics, whereas consistent individual differences were of minor importance. Functions of music listening were found to act as a mediator between characteristics of the situation and music-selection behavior. We further observed several significant random effects, which indicated that individuals differed in how situational variables affected their music selection behavior. Our findings suggest a need to shift the focus of music-listening research from individual differences to situational influences, including potential person-situation interactions.
Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions?
(2020)
We report about several experiments on applying mixed reality technology in the context of accessing collective memories from atomic bombs, Holocaust and Second World War. We discuss the impact of Virtual Reality, Augmented Virtuality and Augmented Reality for specific memorial locations. We show how to use a virtual studio for demonstrating an augmented reality application for a specific location in a remote session within a video conference. Augmented Virtuality is used to recreate the local environment, thus providing a context and helping the participants recollect emotions related to a certain place. This technique demonstrates the advantages of using virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality environments for rapid prototyping and pitching project ideas in a live remote setting.
Die Fachgruppe Medieninformatik (FG MI) im Fachbereich Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (FB MCI) der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) setzt im Workshop Medieninformatik 2019 die Arbeit an der Curriculums-Empfehlung für Medieninformatik (MI)-Studiengänge fort. Die Identifikation grundlegender medieninformatik-spezifischer Kompetenzen steht zurzeit im Fokus der Arbeit des AK Curriculum der FG MI. Das besondere fachliche Spektrum in der Medieninformatik und Spezialisierungen einzelner MI- sowie MI-verwandter Studiengänge stellt den Arbeitskreis immer wieder vor die Herausforderung zwischen grundlegenden Kompetenzen, die jede*r Medi-eninformatiker*in erwerben soll und fachlichen Vertiefungen zu differenzieren. Um die bisherige Curriculumsarbeit mit der Praxis in den Studiengängen abzugleichen bietet der Workshop der Fachcommunity ein Forum, um sowohl die bisher aufgestellten Kompetenzen zu diskutieren, gegebenenfalls zu ergänzen, als auch MI-spezifische Lehr- und Lernformate vorzustellen, die die Erlangung dieser MI-Kompetenzen fördern. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Diskussionsstand dar.
Der Lehre an deutschen Hochschulen stehen, neben einer angespannten Finanzlage, nun auch die Herausforderungen gegenüber, die sich unmittelbar aus dem doppelten Abitur-Jahrgang ergeben (KMK, 2012; BMBF, 2013). Um den hieraus resultierenden Anforderungen besser zu entsprechen, liegt es nahe, sich intensiv mit digital gestützten Lehr-/Lernkonzepten zu befassen. Hierzu zählen z.B. auch digitale Lehrmaterialien, die, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung mobiler Endgeräte (Bitkom, 2012), in Form von interaktiven Lernmodulen distribuiert werden. Im Rahmen der eStudy-Aktivitäten des Fachbereichs Medien der FH Düsseldorf wurde eine Autorenumgebung konzipiert, die eine hocheffiziente Entwicklung von HTML5-basierten Lernmodulen mit interessanten Zusatzfunktionen erlaubt, die in vielfältigen Lehr-/Lernszenarien zum Einsatz kommen können.