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The links between innovativeness as a driver of economic performance, and the determinants of innovativeness have been investigated by management scholars and economists for decades, focusing mostly on “hard factors” as investment in research and development, or education. Focusing on a relatively neglected, but in times of globalization even more important aspect, the infuence of cultural characteristics on innovativeness, we apply diferent econometric models to test for links between cultural tightness and looseness on the one hand, and national innovativeness on the other hand. We fnd that cultural tightness—in the sense of homogenous and intolerant societies—has a negative link to national innovativeness, while cultural looseness—in the sense of tolerant and diverse societies—displays a positive link to national innovativeness.
The impact of culture on entrepreneurship is a widely accepted phenomenon. Cultural factors influence entrepreneurship via different mechanisms on the macro-, meso-, and micro-level of a country. Building on existing research, we draw a clear link between national cultural dimensions and entrepreneurship, using a new model that arranges different cultural dimensions in groups based on their particular function: political, social, or individual (PSI-model) and that distinguishes between values and practices where relevant. The PSI-model provides a coherent theoretical framework on which different cultural dimensions and their impact on entrepreneurship can be analysed, allowing for particular attention to be drawn to social practices and social values. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship, providing empirical evidence of how specific cultural dimensions influence entrepreneurship. The findings are of relevance from a policy perspective and can be used to generate practical recommendations for national institutions interested in promoting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities. The findings are also transferable to other fields related to national cultural dimensions such as level of innovation, investment, budgeting etc.
Die Leistungsfähigkeit einer Gesellschaft spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für ihre Wachstumsmöglichkeiten. Zentrale Figur ist dabei der Entrepreneur, welcher durch seine Eigenschaften in Bezug auf Risikobereitschaft, Verantwortungsübernahme oder Ergebnisorientierung innovativ tätig ist und somit das Wirtschaftswachstum vorantreibt. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, wie Leistungsorientierung und Innovationsfähigkeit auf nationaler Ebene miteinander verbunden sind. Zunächst wird Leistungsorientierung im Kontext der Kulturforschung eingeordnet. Anschließend wird deraktuelle Stand der Forschung zum Zusammenhang zwischen Leistungsorientierung und Innovationskraft reflektiert. Im weiteren Verlauf erfolgt die Diskussion eigener empirischer Ergebnisse mit Fokus auf die Kulturdimension „Achievement versus Ascription“ (Leistung contra Ansehen), bevor ein Fazit über den Einfluss von Leistung im Hinblick auf Ansehen und Muße gezogen wird.