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Wear it or fear it: exploration of drivers & barriers in smartwatch acceptance by senior citizens
(2018)
In this paper we propose an integrated immersive augmented reality solution for a software tool supporting spacecraft design and verification. The spacecraft design process relies on expertise in many domains, such as thermal and structural engineering. The various subsystems of a spacecraft are highly interdependent and have differing requirements and constraints. In this context, interactive visualizations play an important role in making expert knowledge accessible. Recent immersive display technologies offer new ways of presenting and interacting with computer-generated content. Possibilities and challenges for spacecraft configuration employing these technologies are explored and discussed. A user interface design for an application using the Microsoft HoloLens is proposed. To this end, techniques for selecting a spacecraft component and manipulating its position and orientation in 3D space are developed and evaluated. Thus, advantages and limitations of this approach to spacecraft configuration are revealed and discussed.
Der Einsatz von Leading Edge Serrations (gezackte Tragflächenvorderkanten) als Schallminderungsmaßnahme bei hochturbulenter Anströmung wurde bisher maßgeblich in Form von eben im Windkanal gelagerten, modifizierten Tragflügeln untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen dienten der aeroakustischen Designoptimierung und der Identifikation von Wirkmechanismen anhand eines simplifizierten Systems. Das zukünftige Einsatzgebiet dieser neuartigen Modifikation wird im Bereich von Windenergieanlagen, Flugzeugtriebwerken und kontrarotierenden Rotoren der nächsten Generation aber auch bei gängigen Axialverdichtern gesehen. Der Transfer der im ebenen System erhaltenen Erkenntnisse in Richtung einer rotierenden Applikation erfordert die Berücksichtigung einer Vielzahl an zusätzlichen Einflussgrößen, welche die aerodynamische und aeroakustische Effizienz der Leading Edge Serrations in Form verstärkender oder auch hemmender Effekte signifikant beeinflussen können. Im durchgeführten Projekt wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich diese durch Buckelwale und Eulen inspirierten Tragflächen auf rotierende Systeme übertragen lassen, ohne Einbußen ihrer bereits bestätigten vorteilhaften aeroakustischen und aerodynamischen Eigenschaften zu erleiden. Von besonderem Interesse waren hier etwaige Einflüsse der mit dem Radius variierenden Umfangsgeschwindigkeit sowie der im Praxisfall stark variierenden Anströmrichtungen und –zustände. In diesem Sinne wurde ein experimenteller Versuchsstand in Anlehnung an die DIN EN ISO 5136 zur simultanen Vermessungen der aeroakustischen und aerodynamischen Eigenschaften konzipiert. Ein eigens konzipierter Modellrotor in Form eines Axialverdichters ermöglichte einen flexiblen Austausch der Rotorblätter, was die Möglichkeit einer kosten- und zeitsparenden Variation der Rotorblattgeometrien bietet. Im Rahmen des Projektes konnten neben der Konzeption des Versuchsstandes im Rahmen einer experimentellen Proof-of-Concept Studie und einer umfangreichen Quantifizierung der Zuströmbedingungen auch das Schallreduktionspotential der untersuchten Applikation im rotierenden System nachgewiesen werden. Eine Variation verschiedener aerodynamischer und geometrischer Einflussgrößen lässt zudem allgemeingültige Aussagen bezüglich der zugrundeliegenden Abhängigkeiten zu. Zudem führten parallele Untersuchungen mittels Array-Beamforming mit dem Ziel der Schallquellenlokalisationen zu wertvollen Transfererkenntnissen bezüglich des Einsatzes von Leading Edge Serrations im rotierenden System. Eine erste Untersuchung zur möglichen Approximation der Wirkzusammenhänge von Einfluss- und Zielgrößen wies ein hohes Potential zur komplexen Modellbildung mittels neuronaler Netze aus. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse tragen zu einem tieferen Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Wirkmechanismen von Leading Edge Serrations bei und unterstützten in der Definition weiterer verbleibender Forschungslücken, deren Erforschung im mittel- bis langfristigen Kontext einen Beitrag zu einer industriellen Verwertung dieser Applikation und somit zu einer Reduktion der Lärmbelastung der Bevölkerung leistet.
Asset management for distribution networks with high penetration of distributed energy resources
(2018)
Preface
(2018)
Inklusion und Empowerment von Menschen mit Behinderungen in Post-2015-Prozess und 2030-Agenda
(2018)
Merkmale von Innovationen
(2018)
Augmented reality for supporting manual non-destructive ultrasonic testing of metal pipes and plates
(2018)
We describe an application of augmented reality technology for non-destructive testing of products in the metal-industry. The prototype is created with hard- and software, that is usually employed in the gaming industry, and delivers positions for creating ultra- sonic material scans (C-scans). Using a stereo camera in combination with an hmd enables realtime visualisation of the probes path, as well as the setting of virtual markers on the specimen. As a part of the implementation the downhill simplex optimization algorithm is implemented to fit the specimen to a cloud of recorded surface points. The accuracy is statistically tested and evaluated with the result, that the tracking system is accurate up to ca. 1-2 millimeters in well set-up conditions. This paper is of interest not only for research institutes of the metal-industry, but also for any areas of work, in which the enhancement with augmented reality is possible and a precise tracking is necessary.
Classification of Beyond-Reality Interaction Techniques in Spatial Human-Computer Interaction
(2018)
This paper describes the modeling, optimization, mechanical design, and experimental characterization of a high power density wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) for electric vehicle traction applications. The WFSM is designed for brushless rotor field excitation using an axial flux hydrodynamic capacitive power coupler (CPC). The flexible design environment, which was used for large-scale multiobjective optimization of the WFSM, is described. A prototype WFSM, spray cooled with automatic transmission fluid, with an 80-kW output at a base speed of 4000 r/min has been tested. The prototyped WFSM achieves volumetric torque and power densities of 17.22 N·m/L and 7.19 kW/L referred to the envelope cylindrical volume of the active materials plus spray cooling rings. The specific torque and power densities are 4.69 N·m/kg and 1.95 kW/kg referred to the mass of the active materials and the shaft. The prototyped CPC provided up to 1-kW excitation power with a mass 600 g and volume of 0.271 L.
In combination with a bottoming cycle, operated with a pure fluid in transcritical mode, the usage of a zeotropic mixture as a working fluid appears to be exergetically favorable for power cycle efficiency in cascaded two-stage organic Rankine cycles (CORC). A CORC is set up and initially tested with cyclopentane and propane as working fluids in its high temperature and low temperature cycle, respectively. A thermal oil cycle serves as the heat source and is powered electrically with a maximum heat flow of 158 kW. The design of this experimental setup allows for a rapid replacement of individual components and for a wide range of conditions in terms of fluids and thermodynamic states. The components of all cycles and the measurement and control technology are described in detail. A testing procedure is presented, followed by a discussion of the measurement results, where it is shown that the intended concept of two cascaded organic Rankine cycles is operational and that the measured data are consistent.
Multi-level hp-finite cell method for embedded interface problems with application in biomechanics
(2018)
This work presents a numerical discretization technique for solving 3-dimensional material interface problems involving complex geometry without conforming mesh generation. The finite cell method (FCM), which is a high-order fictitious domain approach, is used for the numerical approximation of the solution without a boundary-conforming mesh. Weak discontinuities at material interfaces are resolved by using separate FCM meshes for each material sub-domain and weakly enforcing the interface conditions between the different meshes. Additionally, a recently developed hierarchical hp-refinement scheme is used to locally refine the FCM meshes to resolve singularities and local solution features at the interfaces. Thereby, higher convergence rates are achievable for nonsmooth problems. A series of numerical experiments with 2- and 3-dimensional benchmark problems is presented, showing that the proposed hp-refinement scheme in conjunction with the weak enforcement of the interface conditions leads to a significant improvement of the convergence rates, even in the presence of singularities. Finally, the proposed technique is applied to simulate a vertebra-implant model. The application showcases the method's potential as an accurate simulation tool for biomechanical problems involving complex geometry, and it demonstrates its flexibility in dealing with different types of geometric description.