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The importance of high data quality is increasing with the growing impact and distribution of ML systems and big data. Also, the planned AI Act from the European commission defines challenging legal requirements for data quality especially for the market introduction of safety relevant ML systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that supports the data quality assurance process of multiple data quality aspects. This approach enables the verification of quantitative data quality requirements. The concept and benefits are introduced and explained on small example data sets. How the method is applied is demonstrated on the well-known MNIST data set based an handwritten digits.
With the increasing capabilities of machine learning systems and their potential use in safety-critical systems, ensuring high-quality data is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the assurance of data quality. For this purpose, the mathematical basics are first discussed and the approach is presented using multiple examples. This results in the detection of data points with potentially harmful properties for the use in safety-critical systems.
Camera-based object detection is widely used in safety-critical applications such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle research. Road infrastructure has been designed for human vision, so computer vision, with RGB cameras, is a vital source of semantic information from the environment. Sensors, such as LIDAR and RADAR, are also often utilized for these applications; however, cameras provide a higher spatial resolution and color information. The spatial frequency response (SFR), or sharpness of a camera, utilized in object detection systems must be sufficient to allow a detection algorithm to localize objects in the environment over its lifetime reliably. This study explores the relationship between object detection performance and SFR. Six state-of-the-art object detection models are evaluated with varying levels of lens defocus. A novel raw image dataset is created and utilized, containing pedestrians and cars over a range of distances up to 100-m from the sensor. Object detection performance for each defocused dataset is analyzed over a range of distances to determine the minimum SFR necessary in each case. Results show that the relationship between object detection performance and lens blur is much more complex than previous studies have found due to lens field curvature, chromatic aberration, and astigmatisms. We have found that smaller objects are disproportionately impacted by lens blur, and different object detection models have differing levels of robustness to lens blur
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Suffizienz als Ausweg?!
(2024)
The healthcare sector's digital transformation necessitates the involvement of stakeholders through participation and co-creation processes. This study aims to investigate the understanding and implementation of participation and co-creation in the development of hybrid interaction technologies in healthcare. Eight interdisciplinary research projects were examined through semi-structured group interviews with 49 participants from academia, industry, and the application field. The interviews focused on participants' perspectives on project goals, user groups, access to the field, methods of participation and co-creation, and user motivation. The results highlight the diverse understandings of participation and co-creation, with some perceiving them as research-driven and others as already embedded in user- centered design. The projects emphasized user needs but often excluded stakeholders from collaborative decision-making. Challenges in achieving continuous involvement and co-decision were acknowledged. The findings underscore the need for reflexive practice and evaluation of participation and co-creation throughout the development process, as well as further research on participation across projects. By addressing these challenges and embracing participatory approaches, digital health applications can better address ethical concerns, build trust, and increase acceptance and adoption in the healthcare sector.
User-centered and Participatory Design approaches have become widespread within HCI, also when designing digital media for older adults. These methodologies are seen as crucial to adapt technology design to older people's needs and increase their acceptance of digital technology. Nevertheless, it is often difficult to reach a diverse group of older people, for instance, people with limited technology skills, limited mobility, or cognitive issues. In addition, gerontologists criticized lately how older people's participation unfolds in technology design projects, e.g. that people are pushed into the role of users. Little is known about the motivations and needs of older adults regarding their participation in HCI research. To close this gap, we conducted an online survey (N=46) and semi-structured interviews (N=8) focusing on motivations, willingness and experiences regarding participation. Results show that people are generally willing to participate due to interest in the topic, learning new things and social bonding. However, despite the conceptions within HCI that long-term engagement is crucial within participatory design, older people in the study preferred less commitment and more open formats.
Despite the higher uptake of digital media also in older age groups, there are still challenges for people of high ages and with cognitive or motoric problems, which prevent them from learning and using devices like smartphones or tablets. Tangible user interfaces provide an opportunity to connect these people to social media, thereby increasing their digital participation in society and reducing loneliness. In this paper, we discuss the challenges of intergenerational communication and research the opportunities affiliated with tangible technologies to overcome technology barriers for adults of high ages. We present a hybrid system for social media interactions between young smartphone users and their old relatives, who do not use mobile technologies. The system consists of a tangible user interface designed specifically for old adults that connects to a standard mobile messenger service. TAMI was designed in a user-centered process to fulfill the needs of older adults and tested in a longer-term field study with pairs of young and old relatives.
Rechtsextremismus
(2023)