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A two-component system for control and monitoring of solar power towers with molten salt receivers is proposed. The control component consists of a model predictive control applica-tion (MPC) with a flexible objective function and on-line tunable weights, which runs on a In-dustrial PC and uses a reduced order dynamic model of the receiver’s thermal and flow dy-namics. The second component consists of a service-life monitoring unit, which estimates the service-life consumption of the absorber tubes depending on the current mode of operation based on thermal stresses and creep fatigue in the high temperature regime. The calculation of stresses is done based on a detailed finite element study, in which a digital twin of the re-ceiver was developed. By parallelising the model solver, the estimation of service-life con-sumption became capable of real-time operation. The system has been implemented at a test facility in Jülich, Germany, and awaits field experiments. In this paper, the modeling and archi-tecture are presented along simulation results, which were validated on a hardware-in-the-loop test bench. The MPC showed good disturbance rejection while respecting process variable constraints during the simulation studies.
This article deals with the cost optimal commitment of power systems. System stability is often only considered after solving the commitment problem. We show by example that a cost optimization may result in a mode of operation that, while economically optimal, is unstable or has otherwise unacceptable dynamics. As a remedy, we propose to use the so-called normal vector method, which has been developed for the optimization of nonlinear dynamical systems with stability boundaries and uncertain parameters. We apply the method to a small sample power grid, where the optimization goal is to minimize the energy production costs for a given power consumption.
Eye tracking is a measurement technique for determining the orientation and viewing direction of an individual’s eyes. It allows for an evaluation of the individual’s gaze and other related information.There is a wide variety of application areas for eye tracking, however the usage in engineeringindustry is still limited. This paper presents a case study for the use of eye tracking in a testingstation for electrical circuit breakers. The case study aims to evaluate the measurement and analysispossible with the Tobii wearable eye tracking system. From the case study, possibilities, limitationsand considerations for eye tracking in industrial settings are identified and discussed. The paperconcludes that while eye tracking can be used to effectively capture and visualize insightfulinformation, it faces major challenges related to subjectivity in analysis and labour intensiveness.
Higher control engineering concepts, including artificial intelligence and model-based control, are recently becoming more popular in complex industrial applications because they enable a significant increase in efficiency. E.g., a model-based approach can be used to enhance the control and monitoring of several coupled components of a larger turbomachinery train. This requires dynamic models of the components, including all machine characteristics, which may experience a shift in their behavior over the course of their lifetime. Such changes occur due to natural fouling, wear of sub-components or external effects induced by maintenance measures. To overcome this problem, we model machine-characteristic maps with artificial neural networks, which may be used as part of prediction models in a model predictive control unit. If an appropriate data set is available, this allows us to adapt the model to the current behavior of the machine without requiring in-depth knowledge about the underlying physics of this “concept drift”, as it is known in literature. However, the training of neural networks is usually connected with high computational effort while the task needs to be executed in real-time during operation. Furthermore, in real operating conditions, machine sensors can only provide labeled data from the current operating point of the machine, which can be stationary for long operation periods of up to several months. In general, this yields only an unrepresentative data subset of the machine-characteristics, which is not sufficient to retrain the whole model to a new state. To solve these problems, we firstly reduce the model adaptation to a convex optimization problem, which can be efficiently solved in real-time conditions. Secondly, we use a specialized data management system with which we can integrate historical data to supplement the unrepresentative data subset. In this paper we show the application of the outlined method on a compressor map and discuss the advantages and requirements of the method in the context of modeling applications for industrial turbomachinery.
Over the past decades, research in room acoustics has established several derivative measures of an impulse response, some of which are incorporated in the ISO 3382 standards. These parameters intend to represent perceptual qualities, but were developed without a consistent modeling of room acoustical perception. More recent research proposed comprehensive inventories of room acoustic perception that are purely based on evaluations by human subjects, such as the Room Acoustical Quality Index (RAQI). In this work RA-QI scores acquired for 70 room impulse responses were predicted from room acoustical parameters. Except for Reverberance, the prediction of RAQI factors performed rather poor. In most cases, the sound source had a greater impact on RAQI scores. All analyses are published in an online tool, where users can upload omnidirectional and binaural impulse responses, and instantly obtain and visualize several physical descriptors, as well as predicted RAQI scores for three different sound sources. So far, acceptable prediction accuracy is achieved for Reverberance, Strength, Irregular Decay, Clarity and Intimacy. Larger data sets of evaluated impulse responses are required to improve the model performance and enable reliable predictions of room acoustical quality. Therefore, the administration of RAQI evaluations within the website is currently being developed.
Despite the higher uptake of digital media also in older age groups, there are still challenges for people of high ages and with cognitive or motoric problems, which prevent them from learning and using devices like smartphones or tablets. Tangible user interfaces provide an opportunity to connect these people to social media, thereby increasing their digital participation in society and reducing loneliness. In this paper, we discuss the challenges of intergenerational communication and research the opportunities affiliated with tangible technologies to overcome technology barriers for adults of high ages. We present a hybrid system for social media interactions between young smartphone users and their old relatives, who do not use mobile technologies. The system consists of a tangible user interface designed specifically for old adults that connects to a standard mobile messenger service. TAMI was designed in a user-centered process to fulfill the needs of older adults and tested in a longer-term field study with pairs of young and old relatives.
User-centered and Participatory Design approaches have become widespread within HCI, also when designing digital media for older adults. These methodologies are seen as crucial to adapt technology design to older people's needs and increase their acceptance of digital technology. Nevertheless, it is often difficult to reach a diverse group of older people, for instance, people with limited technology skills, limited mobility, or cognitive issues. In addition, gerontologists criticized lately how older people's participation unfolds in technology design projects, e.g. that people are pushed into the role of users. Little is known about the motivations and needs of older adults regarding their participation in HCI research. To close this gap, we conducted an online survey (N=46) and semi-structured interviews (N=8) focusing on motivations, willingness and experiences regarding participation. Results show that people are generally willing to participate due to interest in the topic, learning new things and social bonding. However, despite the conceptions within HCI that long-term engagement is crucial within participatory design, older people in the study preferred less commitment and more open formats.
The healthcare sector's digital transformation necessitates the involvement of stakeholders through participation and co-creation processes. This study aims to investigate the understanding and implementation of participation and co-creation in the development of hybrid interaction technologies in healthcare. Eight interdisciplinary research projects were examined through semi-structured group interviews with 49 participants from academia, industry, and the application field. The interviews focused on participants' perspectives on project goals, user groups, access to the field, methods of participation and co-creation, and user motivation. The results highlight the diverse understandings of participation and co-creation, with some perceiving them as research-driven and others as already embedded in user- centered design. The projects emphasized user needs but often excluded stakeholders from collaborative decision-making. Challenges in achieving continuous involvement and co-decision were acknowledged. The findings underscore the need for reflexive practice and evaluation of participation and co-creation throughout the development process, as well as further research on participation across projects. By addressing these challenges and embracing participatory approaches, digital health applications can better address ethical concerns, build trust, and increase acceptance and adoption in the healthcare sector.
Wear it or fear it: exploration of drivers & barriers in smartwatch acceptance by senior citizens
(2018)
Probing the Potential of Multimedia Artefacts to Support Communication of People with Dementia
(2015)
“Public Brewing“ – eine interaktive Medienfassade mit einer be-greifbaren Nutzerschnittstelle
(2014)
The decarbonization of for example the energy or heat sector leads to the transformation of distribution grids. The expansion of decentralized energy resources and the integration of new consumers due to sector coupling (e.g. heat pumps or electric vehicles) into low voltage grids increases the need for grid expansion and usage of flexibilities in the grid. A high observability of the current grid status is needed to perform these tasks efficiently and effectively. Therefore, there is a need to increase the observability of low voltage grids by installing measurement technologies (e.g. smart meters). Multiple different measurement technologies are available for low voltage grids which can vary in their benefit to observation quality and their installation costs. Therefore, Bayernwerk Netz GmbH and E.DIS AG in cooperation with E-Bridge Consulting GmbH and the Institute for High Voltage Equipment and Grids, Digitalization and Energy Economics (IAEW) investigated the effectiveness of different strategies for the smartification of low voltage grids. This paper presents the methodology used for the investigation and exemplary results focusing on the impact of intelligent cable distribution cabinets and smart meters on the quality of the state estimation.
In the EILD.nrw project, Open Educational Resources (OER) are being developed for teaching databases. Instructors can use the tools and courses in a variety of learning scenarios. Students of computer science and application subjects learn the complete life cycle of databases. For this purpose, quizzes, interactive tools, instructional videos, and courses for learning management systems are developed and published under a Creative Commons license.
Der Tagungsband umfasst sämtliche Beiträge des Themennachmittags „New Work – Next Learning“, der am 22. November 2022 am Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Hochschule Düsseldorf stattgefunden hat. Ausgehend von der Fragestellung, welche Mitarbeiter und Führungsnachwuchskräfte Unternehmen zur erfolgreichen Bewältigung des digitalen Wandels benötigen und welche Erwartungen Studierende an zukünftige Arbeitsstrukturen und -prozesse haben, wurde auch kritisch diskutiert, welche Chancen und Risiken hierbei aus der Digitalisierung der Hochschule resultieren und was dies für zukünftige Forschungs-, Lehr- und Verwaltungsprozesse an Hochschulen bedeutet. Dazu haben unterschiedliche Referenten das Tagungsthema aus Sicht von Wirtschaftspraxis und Hochschule beleuchtetet und wichtige Impulse zu den Potenzialen der Digitalisierung in der Hochschul- und Weiterbildung, zur Bedeutung von selbstbestimmtem und eigenverantwortlichem Lernen, innovativen Lehr- und Lernkonzepten sowie einem veränderten Rollenverständnis beigetragen.
Large-Scale Storage Technologies in the Context of future German Transmission Grid Congestions
(2012)
Room reverberation alters the spatial impression and timbre of a sound by modulating its spectral and temporal characteristics. Thus, we argue that, on a perceptual level, reverberation basically breaks down into interaural differences and spectro-temporal cues and that the separation of a perceived timbre into a sound source and a surrounding room is a purely cognitive process. To investigate the connection between the perception of reverberation cues and timbre analysis, the sensitivity for changes in reverberation was compared to timbre perception abilities. The Timbre Perception Test was used to measure the perception of the temporal envelope, spectral centroid, and spectral flux of artificial sounds. Sensitivity for changes in reverberation time was tested with a discrimination task using speech and noise with speech-alike spectral and temporal envelopes as source signals. Musical and acoustical expertise was assessed through the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index and self-reports on experience with and knowledge of acoustics. There was a considerable correlation between timbre and reverberance perception ability, but timbre perception and academic experience predicted only 41% of the variance in reverberance perception. Still, perception abilities related to similar acoustical phenomena seem to be better indicators of listening skills than self-reports on acoustical or musical expertise.
Forums such as Stack Overflow are used by many software developers to find a solution for a given coding problem. Found solutions, i.e. forum posts containing relevant source code, are utilized in a copy and paste manner. This behavior carries the risk that vulnerabilities contained in the source code of the forum posts are spread. Software developers should be able to identify vulnerable source code at an early stage, thereby preventing copying the corresponding source code. In this paper, we introduce the tool CopypastaVulGuard that identifies vulnerable source code in forum posts and allows software developers to omit the source code by marking the forum posts as dangerous. Our tool consists of a browser extension and a management application capable to address as examples SQL injections, remote code executions and deprecated functions based on a dump of the archive.org Stack Overflow data set. We present an evaluation of our tool's possible impact and relevance considering pros/cons and selected research questions.
Development of open educational resources for renewable energy and the energy transition process
(2021)
Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) umfasst alle Aktivitäten, die mit der Planung, Erhebung, Aufbereitung, Speicherung, Archivierung und Veröffentlichung von Forschungsdaten verbunden sind. Hierbei sind sowohl generische als auch fachspezifische Aspekte zu berücksichtigen; außerdem müssen rechtliche und technische Gesichtspunkte beachtet werden. Dies erfordert ein umfangreiches Serviceportfolio – von Information und Sensibilisierung über Beratung und Koordination bis hin zu IT-Infrastrukturen.
Mit der Förderlinie FDMScouts.nrw unterstützen das Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen und die Digitale Hochschule NRW (DH.NRW) im Rahmen der landesweiten Digitalisierungsoffensive fünf Hochschulverbünde bei der nachhaltigen Verankerung des Themas FDM auf strategischer und operativer Ebene. Dabei werden sie inhaltlich und organisatorisch von der Landesinitiative fdm.nrw begleitet. Die hieraus resultierenden Impulse für den bedarfsgerechten Auf- und Ausbau von Kontaktstellen, Kompetenzen und Kapazitäten zum FDM sollen über die Verbünde hinaus auch anderen interessierten Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) und Fachhochschulen (FH) zugutekommen.
Das vorliegende Poster zeigt die Handlungsfelder und die einzelnen Aktivitäten, die im Rahmen der Förderlinie FDMScouts.nrw im ersten Förderjahr bereits begonnen bzw. umgesetzt wurden. Dieses Poster wurde in vergleichbarer Form auf der Jahrestagung der Digitalen Hochschule NRW am 14. und 15. September 2021 präsentiert.
Towards a Model of Early Entrepreneurial Education: Appreciation, Facilitation and Evaluation
(2019)