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Music-related decision-making encompasses a wide range of behaviours including those associated with listening choices, composition and performance, and decisions involving music education and therapy. Although research programmes in psychology and economics have contributed to an improved understanding of music-related behaviour, historically, these disciplines have been unconnected. Recently, however, researchers have begun to bridge this gap by employing tools from behavioural economics. This article contributes to the literature by providing a discussion about the benefits of using behavioural economics in music-decision research. We achieve this in two ways. First, through a systematic review, we identify the current state of the literature within four key areas of behavioural economics-heuristics and biases, social decision-making, behavioural time preferences, and dual-process theory. Second, taking findings of the literature as a starting point, we demonstrate how behavioural economics can inform future research. Based on this, we propose the Behavioural Economics of Music (BEM), an integrated research programme that aims to break new ground by stimulating interdisciplinary research in the intersection between music, psychology, and economics.
Magneto-hydrothermal triple-convection in a W-shaped porous cavity containing oxytactic bacteria
(2022)
Bioconvective heat and mass transport phenomena have recently been the subject of interest in diverse fields of applications pertaining to the motion of fluids and their thermophysical properties. The transport processes in a system involving triple convective phenomena, irregular geometry, and boundary conditions constitute a complex phenomenon. This work aims to explore the mixed thermo-bioconvection of magnetically susceptible fluid containing copper nanoparticles and oxytactic bacteria in a novel W-shaped porous cavity. The buoyant convention is generated due to the isothermal heating at the wavy bottom wall, whereas the mixed convection is induced due to the shearing motion of the top-cooled sliding wall. Furthermore, the bioconvection is induced due to the manifestation of oxytactic bacteria or organisms. The inclined sidewalls are insulated. The geometry is packed with water based Cu nanoparticle mixed porous structure, which is subjected to a magnetizing field acted horizontally. The complex transport equations are transformed into nondimensional forms, which are then computed using the finite volume-based developed code. The coupled triple-convective flow physics are explored for a wide range of involved controlling parameters, which could provide helpful insight to the system designer for its proper operation. The shape of geometry can be considered one of the important parameters to control the heat and mass transport phenomena. In general, the influence of amplitude (δ) is more compared to the waviness number (m) of the undulations. The magnitude of heat (Nu) and mass (Sh) transfer rate for the W-shaped cavity is high compared to conventional square and trapezoidal-shaped cavities. The output of the analysis could be very helpful for the designer for modeling devices operating on nanotechnology-based bioconvection, microbial fuel cells, and others.
Spatial precision and recall indices to assess the performance of instance segmentation algorithms
(2022)
Gesellschaftliche und ökologische Entwicklungen haben gezeigt: Unternehmen brauchen stärker denn je eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer Daseinsberechtigung. In diesen Zusammenhangwerden die Stimmen nach der Notwendigkeit eines unternehmerischen Purpose immer lauter. Dieser zählt bereits seit einigen Jahren zu den bekanntesten Management- und Marketing-Trendthemen. Jedoch scheint die Auffassung dessen, was ein Unternehmens-Purpose ist, in der Literatur und den theoretischen Überlegungen der Beratungen nicht eindeutig. Ebenso unklar ist, welche Rolle der Purpose innerhalb des Marketings einnimmt und wie dieser dort zum Ausdruck kommt. So stellt sich die kritische Frage, ob der Purpose lediglich der bestmöglichen werbewirksamen Positionierung im Sinne kommunikationspolitischer Maßnahmen dient und somit Gefahr läuft, sich in die Reihe der Marketing-Buzzwords einzureihen. Für die Beantwortung dieser Frage gilt es, die unternehmerische Marketingpraxis zu untersuchen. Somit hat sich dieser Beitrag zum Ziel gesetzt, die Auffassung, Eingliederung und Umsetzung des Purpose im Marketing anhand einer qualitativen Forschung zu untersuchen. Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden in Form einer Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Literatur und Praxis dargestellt. Um die Relevanz und Implikationen des Purpose im Hinblick auf das Marketing hinreichend untersuchen zu können, wurde der Purpose in einem ersten Schritt aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht beleuchtet und hinsichtlich verwandter Begrifflichkeiten abgegrenzt. Die Untersuchung zeigt die unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkte in den Auffassungen dessen, was den Purpose ausmacht. Darüber hinaus wird deutlich, dass der Purpose durchaus in der Marketingpraxis relevant ist und dabei deutlich über die Umsetzung in kommunikationspolitischen Maßnahmen hinausgeht. Hierbei spielt die Authentizität eine tragende Rolle. Um diese zu gewährleisten, ist eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung und Umsetzung innerhalb des Marketings notwendig.
In order to determine demand as precisely as possible, many businesses use several forecasting methods. The aim of forecasting is to determine future demand based on data from the past. The use of a specific method is not always easy and depends on a number of factors. To help prospective engineers find the most suitable forecasting method for a specific problem, a forecasting game was developed and then evaluated.
The paper describes the design and the evaluation of the forecasting game. In order to provide an overview of existing forecasting methods, the first part of the paper examined the mathematical fundamentals of eight different forecasting methods and outlined the requirements for their application.
The second part of the paper describes the creation of a forecasting game in which prospective engineers can learn how to determine the appropriate forecasting method for specific scenarios. In total, five scenarios covering the three different demand patterns (linear/stationary, trend and seasonal) as well as the forecast quality methods were developed and can be played through. For each scenario, the player has to choose the most appropriate forecasting method for a specific problem based on a self-created task description. To make the game as realistic as possible, a fictional company with a background story was designed.
The last part was about the evaluation of the forecasting game. For the evaluation, a student survey to gather the opinions of the students was conducted. The results of the student survey show an overall positive evaluation of the simulation game by the students. However, the test also showed that the game takes a certain amount of time. Since only 15 of the approximately 30 students who tested the game participated in the evaluation, the results are not significant.
The links between innovativeness as a driver of economic performance, and the determinants of innovativeness have been investigated by management scholars and economists for decades, focusing mostly on “hard factors” as investment in research and development, or education. Focusing on a relatively neglected, but in times of globalization even more important aspect, the infuence of cultural characteristics on innovativeness, we apply diferent econometric models to test for links between cultural tightness and looseness on the one hand, and national innovativeness on the other hand. We fnd that cultural tightness—in the sense of homogenous and intolerant societies—has a negative link to national innovativeness, while cultural looseness—in the sense of tolerant and diverse societies—displays a positive link to national innovativeness.