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Zivilgesellschaft und Entwicklungsregime – Agenda-Setting und Regime-Building im Post-2015-Prozess
(2015)
Gender-specific differences in the frequency of depression to the disadvantage of women have been known for decades. In Germany, there is evidence that the prevalence of mental disorders also differs by occupation. The present study investigates whether for women working in male-dominated occupations and for men working in female-dominated occupations is related to depressive symptoms independently from other factors like work stress and work-family conflict. Special attention is paid to gender differences. Moreover, women are distinguished according to their working time (full-time or not). We use data from the first wave of the lidAstudy for our analyses. We make use of the applied Beck Depression Inventory, the effort-reward imbalance scales as well as the work-family conflict scale. Occupational gender segregation is defined as a share of 80 % of men and women per occupation, respectively. For women, the results of the multivariate analyses show an independent relationship between depressive symptoms and working in male-dominated occupations. Furthermore, significant interactions between occupational gender segregation and work stress are observed in both men and women regarding depressive symptoms.
Thermodynamic simulation and experimental validation of a cascaded two-stage organic Rankine cycle
(2015)
The definition of individual creativity is based on a tension between novelty on the one side and usefulness respectively appropriateness on the other side. The paper explores how this tension pervades the stage and componential theories of creativity. To achieve this, the so called value square (“Wertequadrat”) developed by Helwig (1967) and Schulz von Thun (1998)is used which balances a value with its countervalue to analyze creativity. The author identifies tensions of action and inaction, expertise and mindfulness, precision and ambiguity as well as immersion and detachment permeating the creative process and the components of creativity. As a conclusion a morphological box for creativity is presented which allows one to show which combination of characteristics of the tensions support different stages of creativity. Furthermore implications for development and time management are discussed.
The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is an established thermodynamic process that converts waste heat to electric energy. Due to the wide range of organic working fluids available the fluid selection adds an additional degree of freedom to the early design phase of an ORC process. Despite thermodynamic aspects such as the temperature level of the heat source, other technical, economic and safety aspects have to be considered. For the fluid selection process in this paper, 22 criteria were identified in six main categories while distinguishing between elimination and tolerance criteria. For an ORC design, the suggested method follows a practical engineering approach and can be used as a structured way to limit the number of interesting working fluids before starting a detailed performance analysis of the most promising candidates. For the first time the selection process is applied to a two-stage reference cycle which uses the waste heat of a large reciprocating engine for cogeneration power plants. It consists of a high temperature and a low temperature cycle in which the condensation heat of the high temperature (HT) cycle provides the heat input of the low temperature (LT) cycle. After the fluid selection process the detailed thermodynamic cycle design is carried out with a thermodynamic design tool that also includes a database for organic working fluids. The investigated ORC cycle shows a net thermal efficiency of about 17,4% in the high temperature cycle with Toluene as the working fluid and 6,2% in low temperature cycle with iso-Butane as the working fluid. The electric efficiency of the cogeneration plant increases from 40,4% to 46,97% with the both stages of the two-stage ORC in operation.
Sozialer Raum und Alter(n)
(2015)
»Community Music in Theorie & Praxis« hieß die internationale Tagung, die kürzlich in München stattfand. »Community Music ist ein international gebräuchlicher Sammelbegriff für musikalische Aktivitäten«, heißt es im Konferenz-Flyer, »die in das soziale und räumliche Umfeld der Teilnehmenden eingebunden sind.« Community Music? Nie gehört? Wir sprachen mit Alicia de Banffy-Hall.
Psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen sind ein Risikofaktor für die Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger. Da die Erwerbsbevölkerung immer älter wird, stellen sich in diesem Kontext neue Fragen: In welchem Maße fühlen sich älterwerdende Beschäftigte durch Arbeitsanforderungen und ausbleibende Anerkennung belastet? Wie hängen solche Aspekte psychosozialer Arbeitsbelastungen mit der Gesundheit zusammen? Auf Basis einer aktuellen Befragung von älteren Erwerbstätigen werden diese Zusammenhänge hier näher untersucht.
Probing the Potential of Multimedia Artefacts to Support Communication of People with Dementia
(2015)
Probing the Potential of Multimedia Artefacts to Support Communication of People with Dementia
(2015)
The interpretation process of complex data sets makes the integration of effective interaction techniques crucial. Recent work in the field of human-computer interaction has shown that there is strong evidence that multimodal user interaction, i.e. the integration of various input modalities and interaction techniques into one comprehensive user interface, can improve human performance when interacting with complex data sets. However, it is still unclear which factors make these user interfaces superior to unimodal user interfaces. The contribution of this work is an analytical comparison of a multimodal and a unimodal user interface for a scientific visualization application. We show that multimodal user interaction with simultaneously integrated speech and gesture input improves user performance regarding efficiency and ease of use.