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Despite the higher uptake of digital media also in older age groups, there are still challenges for people of high ages and with cognitive or motoric problems, which prevent them from learning and using devices like smartphones or tablets. Tangible user interfaces provide an opportunity to connect these people to social media, thereby increasing their digital participation in society and reducing loneliness. In this paper, we discuss the challenges of intergenerational communication and research the opportunities affiliated with tangible technologies to overcome technology barriers for adults of high ages. We present a hybrid system for social media interactions between young smartphone users and their old relatives, who do not use mobile technologies. The system consists of a tangible user interface designed specifically for old adults that connects to a standard mobile messenger service. TAMI was designed in a user-centered process to fulfill the needs of older adults and tested in a longer-term field study with pairs of young and old relatives.
Based on the dimensions of state interference proposed by Blumler and Gurevitch (1995), this paper follows their approach from an economic perspective. Therefore three alternative ways to provide broadcasting goods (the market, the state and the voluntary sector) are introduced. Next a historical overview of the German public service broadcasting is provided. Main legal provi- sions are described in theoretical remarks with focus on constitution of supervisory bodies of pub- lic service broadcasters. Ways and cases of political interventions are discussed there. The funding of public service broadcasters is depicted. Some recent developments are presented, related to the so-called “three step test” for new or changed online offerings of public service broadcasters. The German public service broadcasting sector is evaluated and visualized by means of the para- digm. Although different possibilities of state influence exist, German public service broadcasting can be characterized all in all as rather state-distant. New challenges arise, however, from the trans- formation process in public service media.
The ISO 27000 is a well-established series of information security standards. The scope for applying these standards can be an organisation as a whole, single business processes or even an IT application or IT infrastructure. The context establishment and the asset identification are among the first steps to be performed. The quality of the results produced when performing these steps has a crucial influence on the subsequent steps such as identifying loss, vulnerabilities, possible attacks and defining countermeasures. Thus, a context analysis to gather all necessary information in the initial steps is important, but is not offered in the standard. In this paper, we focus on the scope of cloud computing systems and present a way to support the context establishment and the asset identification described in ISO 27005. A cloud system analysis pattern and different kinds of stakeholder templates serve to understand and describe a given cloud development problem, i.e. the envisaged IT systems and the relevant parts of the operational environment. We illustrate our support using an online banking cloud scenario.
The “fair” taxation of digital business models is challenging. One of the key aspects – both policy makers and the public opinion consider as most pressuring – is the determination of intragroup transfer prices for intangibles used in digital business models. In this paper, we address the issue of a “perceived fair” taxation of the digital economy in the light of the arm’s length principle based on a survey with transfer pricing experts. The aim of the survey is not to estimate arm’s length profit allocations but rather to elicit fairness considerations in different transfer pricing related scenarios. In a digital economy framework where arm’s length profits are distributed extremely inequitably, subjects perceive this distribution of profits as most unfair compared to more balanced scenarios. Consequently, subjects propose a “fair” distribution of profits that substantially differs from the exogenously given arm’s length allocation. In scenarios with a more balanced arm’s length allocation of profits, we find that the perceived fairness for the expert groups increases while a control group of business students is almost not influenced by the arm’s length allocation of profits.
Given limited computational resources available for the rendering of spatial sound imagery, we seek to determine effective means for choosing whatcomponents of the rendering will provide the most audible differences in the results. Rather than begin with an analytic approach that attempts to predict audible differences on the basis of objective parameters, we chose to begin with subjective tests of how audibly different the rendering result may be heard to be when that result includes two types of sound obstruction: reflectors and occluders. Single-channel recordings of 90 short speech sounds were made in an anechoic chamber in the presence and absence of these two types of obstructions, and as the angle of those obstructions varied over a 90 degree range. These recordings were reproduced over a single loudspeaker in that anechoic chamber, and listeners were asked to rate how confident they were that the recording of each of these 90 stimuli included an obstruction. These confidence ratings can be used as an integral component in the evaluation function used to determine which reflectors and occluders are most important for rendering.
Performance Testing and Optimization of Solar Assisted Heating Systems for Multi Family Houses
(2016)
The energy topic has become increasingly important in architecture: since buildings are big consumers of energy and architects and the public are interested in energy as never before. [Scognamiglio 2008] The Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) [EU 2010] establishes that starting from 31st December 2020 all new buildings have to be Nearly Zero Energy. The main architectural implication for this condition is that if up until now the domain of design was the building itself, now it is the building and possibly other spaces, that have to be conceived for placing the energy generation devices. Photovoltaics (PV) is particularly suited for reaching the (Nearly) Net ZEB status, due to its technical features, the existing knowledge on how to use PV in buildings, and since it is the easiest and most reliable way to get the (Nearly) Net Zero Energy objectives. [Torcellini 2006] A relevant international effort on the subject of the Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs) - Net ZEB meaning that the buildings are connected to an energy infrastructure - is ongoing in the International Energy Agency (IEA), joint Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Task 40 and Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS) Annex 52, titled “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings” [IEA 2008a]. The authors of this paper, all participating in the IEA research group, investigate how the use of PV for Net ZEBs can influence the building’s design, taking into account different building typologies (e. g. new ones vs. existing ones, listed buildings, etc.). Similarities and differences between PV and Solar Thermal (ST) are discussed, too. The paper results in defining some architectural issues for using PV in NZEBs design, which implie to re-think the way buildings are designed.
We present a control scheme for a parabolic trough power plant that is equipped with a molten salt thermal energy storage system. We show that the multivariable control problem for the solar field can be decoupled by controlling the three way valve that splits the heat transfer fluid between the storage system and the steam generator. The steam generation cycle is regulated with inlet pressure control. The subsystems of the plant are modeled based on first principles, where we focus on the steam generation cycle. A multi-group extraction turbine with pre- and reheater is considered, which is suitable for solar power plants. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed control scheme with a day-to-day simulation.
Poincaré gauge theory of gravity: Friedman cosmology with even and odd parity modes: Analytic part
(2011)
Eye tracking is a measurement technique for determining the orientation and viewing direction of an individual’s eyes. It allows for an evaluation of the individual’s gaze and other related information.There is a wide variety of application areas for eye tracking, however the usage in engineeringindustry is still limited. This paper presents a case study for the use of eye tracking in a testingstation for electrical circuit breakers. The case study aims to evaluate the measurement and analysispossible with the Tobii wearable eye tracking system. From the case study, possibilities, limitationsand considerations for eye tracking in industrial settings are identified and discussed. The paperconcludes that while eye tracking can be used to effectively capture and visualize insightfulinformation, it faces major challenges related to subjectivity in analysis and labour intensiveness.