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Multi-user virtual reality is transforming towards a social activity that is no longer only used by remote users, but also in large-scale location-based experiences. Usage of realtime-tracked avatars in co-located business-oriented applications with a ”guide-user-scenario” is examined for user-related factors of Spatial Presence, Social Presence, User Experience and Task Load. A user study was conducted in order to compare both techniques of a realtime-tracked avatar and a non-visualised guide. Results reveal that the avatar-guide enhanced and stimulated communicative processes while facilitating interaction possibilities and creating a higher sense of mental immersion for users and engagement.
This article describes the possibilities and problems that occur using the SteamVR tracking 2.0 system as a camera tracking system in a virtual studio and explains an approach for implementation and calibration within a professional studio environment. The tracking system allows for cost effective deployment. Relevant application fields are also mixed reality recording and streaming of AR and VR experiences.
In this paper we propose an integrated immersive augmented reality solution for a software tool supporting spacecraft design and verification. The spacecraft design process relies on expertise in many domains, such as thermal and structural engineering. The various subsystems of a spacecraft are highly interdependent and have differing requirements and constraints. In this context, interactive visualizations play an important role in making expert knowledge accessible. Recent immersive display technologies offer new ways of presenting and interacting with computer-generated content. Possibilities and challenges for spacecraft configuration employing these technologies are explored and discussed. A user interface design for an application using the Microsoft HoloLens is proposed. To this end, techniques for selecting a spacecraft component and manipulating its position and orientation in 3D space are developed and evaluated. Thus, advantages and limitations of this approach to spacecraft configuration are revealed and discussed.
Acquiring human motion data from video images plays an important role in the field of computer vision. Ground truth tracking systems require markers to create high quality motion data. But in many applications it is desired to work without markers. In recent years affordable hardware for markerless tracking systems was made available at a consumer level. Efficient depth camera systems based on Time-of-Flight sensors and structured light systems have made it possible to record motion data in real time. However, the gap between the quality of marker-based and markerless systems is high. The error sources of a markerless motion tracking pipeline are discussed and a model-based filter is proposed, which adapts depending on spatial location. The proposed method is then proven to be more robust and accurate than the unfiltered data stream and can be used to visually enhance the presence of an actor within a virtual environment in live broadcast productions.
Mobile live video streaming is becoming an increasingly popular form of interaction both in social media and remote collaboration scenarios. However, in most cases the streamed video does not take mobile devices' spatial data into account (e.g., the viewers do not know the spatial orientation of a streamer), or use such data only in specific scenarios (e.g., to navigate around a spherical video stream).
Progressive web applications (PWAs) seem to be the next big thing in the mobile landscape. These are web applications with “super-powers” which are meant to provide the kinds of user experiences previously only native mobile applications could. Therefore they are able to match native applications in their capabilities but still thrive on the reachability of the web. They achieve this by implementing certain characteristics which originate from innovative standards and sophisticated best practices. Conveniently, as it is the web, PWAs are working seamlessly cross-platform. One of the closest things to a PWA so far may be an application created with the NativeScript framework. Such an application is also developed with web technologies yet able to use any native interface directly. This is made possible by using a designated runtime for mediating between JavaScript and the mobile system. Eventually, NativeScript is able to offer a high degree nativity yet also of convenient abstraction during development. This paper is set out to deliver further insight into both approaches by contrasting them based on the characteristics of PWAs. For this purpose, these characteristics are elaborated and adjusted to be applicable to native mobile applications. Hence a reasonable basis for what to expect from a native application is derived. Then NativeScript is assessed on this basis by the means of transferable concepts and technologies as well as a prototypic mobile application. Finally, an informed discussion and conclusion is performed based on the results. The comprehensive characteristics of PWAs resolve previous shortcomings with well thought out concepts and new technologies. These are transferable to native mobile applications to a far extent and may also be put into practice with NativeScript. The framework’s approach may be very well called ingenious, however, in the long run it might fall short of the innovative concept of PWAs. Having said this, it is still able to serve as a practical measure for creating appealing user experiences for multiple systems with arguably little effort. Due to large overlap a transformation between the two application types is a realistic option. Either way, web technologies are far from what they used to be and it is exciting to see how the mobile and web landscape will evolve in the future.
While developing for multiple platforms at once seems like a convenient solution, there are several challenges arising when trying to abstract the entire mobile development. This paper is meant to evaluate current cross-platform development for mobile applications. The background for its necessity, its conceptual approach and the problems to face when developing cross-platform were determined and explained in detail. Afterwards, certain solutions were evaluated against the former insights. Based on the results, an informed discussion and conclusion was performed. The mobile environment consist of only two big players by now, Android and iOS. These operating systems differ in architecture, design and consequently in the way applications are developed for each of them. Therefore, high demands are made towards cross-platform solutions. Tools which allow for the creation of applications for multiple platforms at once have to match native applications in regard to user experience and performance. At the same time they need to be able to optimize developments with the goal of being cost efficient. Apache Cordova, Xamarin and NativeScript were selected for evaluation in regard to their ability to meet these requirements. Cordova acts as the comparison group of cross-platform tools. It is the big player in the field and there are reasons for this. However, aspiring solutions with higher nativity and ambitious approaches are emerging. Xamarin and NativeScript deliver top quality results while offering loosely coupled developments. Therefore it is possible to develop high quality applications and still benefit from the advantages of platform-independent solutions. As a consequence mobile development is about to change in the foreseeable future. More sophisticated approaches may lead to a higher number of developments done cross-platform, and rightfully so.
Based on experience in teaching programming, we developed the integrated development environment (IDE) 5Code especially to support beginners. As a first step, a simple, understandable formula was developed how to advance from the problem to the program in 5 operative steps:
read it → get it → think it → note it → code it.
In order to reduce the cognitive load of the learners effectively, 5Code was designed such that all 5 steps are permanently presented, accessible and executable. Thus, learners are provided with the entire programming context from presentation of the task via own notes and annotations to the code area. Learners can mark and annotate any part of the given task’s text; these annotations can be edited as notes with own comments. Furthermore, the notes can be dragged into the code area, where they are shown as comments in the coding language. Any modifications in the comments are synchronized between notes and code. 5Code is implemented as a web-application. It is used in university introductory courses on object oriented programming.
The late immersion of multi-touch sensitive displays enables the use of tangibles on multi-touch screens. There a several wide spread and/or sophisticated solutions to fulfill this need but they seem to have some flaws. One popular system at the time of writing is an overlay frame that can be placed on a normal display with the corresponding size. The frame creates a grid with infrared light emitting diodes. The disruption of this grid can be detected and messages with the positions are sent via usb to a connected computer. This system is quite robust in matters of ambient light insensitivity and also fast to calibrate. Unfortunately it is not created with the recognition of tangibles in mind and printed patterns can not be resolved. This article summarizes an attempt to create fiducials that are recognized by an infrared multi-touch frame as fingers. Those false fingers are checked by a software for known patterns. Once a known pattern (= fiducial) has been recognized its position and orientation are send with the finger positions towards the interactive software. The usability is tested with an example application where tangibles and finger touches are used in combination.
Listening to music played by small MP3-players is almost as ubiquituous as talking over mobile phones. In this paper we analyse interaction elements and usabilty of current MP3-players. To determine the usability, an empirical study based on a website that presented three simulated MP3-players was performed with over 1000 participants.
The results show that, despite most marketing claims, some interaction devices are not as intuitive and really suitable for the task as they schould be. Also we found some surprising results concerning erroneous usage of navigation keys.
A mobile phone the size of a candy bar offers dozens of complex functions, a masterpiece of engineering. Unfortunately, the more functions are available, the less they are accessible to the average user. The design of the user interface suffers from a lack of suitability for the tasks, does not conform to user expectations and a suboptimal self-descriptiveness. The usability of modern mobile phones was tested in a broad survey with over 1300 participants. An internet based simulation offered tasks and an online evaluation. It could be pointed out that mobile phones are not only hard to access for novices but also those who consider themselves experts have difficulties when confronted with unknown functions or another brand of phone. Approaches to increase the usability are discussed.
Multimediale Technologien werden in der Marktforschung immer stärker eingesetzt, um flexible und kostengünstige Studien durchzuführen. Im Innovationsprozess kann dabei auf die langjährigen Erfahrungen zurückgegriffen werden, die durch den Einsatz der Computersimulation in der technischen Produktentwicklung zustande gekommen sind. In sehr frühen Phasen des Innovationsprozesses können durch Einsatz der neuen Technologien die Markteinführungskonzepte für neue Produkte getestet werden. Die Applikationen der virtuellen Realität bieten ein einzigartiges Potential, neue Produkte einschlieï‚lich des Marketingkonzeptes zu testen, ohne dass dieses Produkt bereits physisch vorhanden sein muss. Am Beispiel eines Elementes des Marketingkonzeptes, der Preispolitik, zeigt die vorliegende Studie auf, welches Potential die virtuelle Kaufsituation von Produkten bietet. Der Fokus des Projektes liegt auf der interaktiven Produktpräsentation in einer virtuellen Umgebung, die in eine Online-Befragung mit zusätzlichen Werbefilmen eingebettet ist. Visuell hochwertige 3D-Produktpräsentationen versetzen den Probanden in eine virtuelle Einkaufsumgebung, die einem realen Szenario entspricht. Die virtuellen Produkte werden in mehreren Kaufentscheidungsrunden zu unterschiedlichen Preisen angeboten. Der Preisuntersuchung geht eine Präsentation ausgewählter Werbespots sowie eine produktbezogene Befragung voraus. Im Anschluss an die virtuellen Preisentscheidungen werden die Eindrücke sowie einige Kontrollgröen abgefragt. In weitergehenden Studien dieser Art können die Wirkungen mehrerer Marketing-Instrumente zu einem Zeitpunkt untersucht werden, in dem sich die Produkte noch im Entwicklungsprozess befinden. Auf diesem Weg lassen sich auch Wettbewerbsvorteile bestehender Produkte effizienter erkennen und nutzen. Mit den hoch entwickelten Computer- und Visualisierungstechnologien ist ein mächtiges Werkzeug entstanden, das bereits für kommerzielle Präsentationen und Produktstudien eingesetzt wird. Zukünftig kann es auch in Kombination mit Internetanwendungen und klassischen Methoden der Marktforschung zu einem sehr frühen Zeitpunkt umfassende Erkenntnisse über ein Produkt liefern.