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Poor young people more often face health difficulties, (learning) disabilities, and are overrepresented in special schools. Consequently, youth from poor households disproportionately frequently participate in disability‐specific programs aiming to improve their educational levels and labor market opportunities. They face a double burden of disability and poverty. In our study, we look at poor and non‐poor youth with disabilities (YPWD) who participate in vocational rehabilitation (VR) and whether VR helps them (a) in transitioning into employment and (b) in leaving poverty. We examine the association between the receipt of initial basic income support (BIS) as a poverty indicator, later labor market outcomes, and earned vocational qualification using administrative data. We make use of a sample of all persons accepted for VR in 2010 (N = 36,645). We employ logit models on VR attendees’ labor market outcomes three and five years after being accepted for VR as well as on their earned vocational qualifications. Beside initial poverty status, we control for educational level, type, and degree of disability and program pattern during the VR process. Our findings show that YPWD from poor households have a decreased likelihood of a vocational certificate and employment. Additionally, they are more likely to receive BIS than young people not from poor households and thus more likely to remain poor. In conclusion, VR seems to support poor YPWD less in their school‐to‐work transitions. Thus, disability‐specific programs should be more tailored to the social situations of participants, and counsellors should be more sensitive to their social backgrounds.
Editorial
(2016)
Externalizing problem behaviour is one of the most common childhood disorders. Parent training is an effective treatment for these children and there is growing interest in the effects of parent-administered interventions with minimal therapist contact. This randomized controlled study examined the efficacy of a telephone-assisted parent-administered behavioural intervention (bibliotherapy) in families with preschool children with externalizing problem behaviour. Families were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 26) and an untreated waitlist control group (n = 22). The intervention comprised the reading of an 11 chapter self-help book and 11 weekly telephone consultations. Compared to the control group, the treatment group demonstrated significant decreases in parent-reported externalizing and internalizing child problem behaviour and dysfunctional parenting practices. Moreover, treated parents reported less parenting-related strains and decreases in parental depression, anxiety, and stress. The results suggest that telephone-assisted self-administered parent training is an effective alternative to more intensive forms of behavioural family intervention for preschool children with externalizing problem behaviour.
Employment trajectories of German baby boomers and their effect on statutory pension entitlements
(2016)
Female employment, reconciliation policies, and childbearing intentions in East and West Germany.
(2013)
This essay looks at the potentials and limitations of user research for studies on the practice of drama education. To date, this field has been dominated by impact studies. After illustrating the blind spots that are created by taking this research approach to the practice of drama education, we will present the user research perspective and look at the opportunities that it provides to generate new, differentiated knowledge. User research makes it possible to illuminate the processes of acquiring and using knowledge in terms of its delivery. It also provides a potential framework of analysis for placing these processes in the delivery context, which includes subjective learning types, relevance and institutional and social conditions. This expanded perspective will make it possible to identify the factors that foster and limit benefits and reflect them in practice.
Rituals, such as gazing at faces, are common in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and appear in cognitive-behavioral models as a maintaining factor. Rituals are also common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In contrast to OCD, the proposed associations between rituals and intrusive thoughts/appearance preoccupation have not been empirically investigated for BDD. We examined if the assumed effect of gazing rituals on attractiveness ratings exists and if it is associated with dissociation. In an experiment, we asked N = 65 non-clinical females to focus on the nose of a photographed face at pre- and post-test. In between, participants gazed at the nose of either the same (relevant gazing) or another face (irrelevant gazing). We found increasing dissociation after gazing in both conditions and a differentially stronger decrease of attractiveness ratings in the relevant gazing condition. Our findings support the hypothesized effect of gazing rituals on attractiveness evaluation in cognitive-behavioral models for BDD.
Gender in the making: An empirical approach to understand gender relations in the maker movement
(2021)
The study “lidA – leben in der Arbeit. German cohort study on work, age and health” was a two-wave panel study funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and examines the relationship between work, health and work participation among aging employees from an interdisciplinary perspective (www.lida-studie.de). The lidA study was carried out by an interdisciplinary consortium consisting of the Institute for Safety Technology at Bergische University Wuppertal, the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, the Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, the Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine at Ulm University, infas Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Bonn and the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, as an associated partner. lidA contains a representative sample of persons belonging to the 1959 and 1965 birth cohorts and employed on the reference date for sampling, 31 December 2009. They were interviewed personally (CAPI) in 2011 (wave 1; N=6,585) and 2014 (wave 2; N=4,244). The data contain information about work and current employment relationship characteristics, work demands, workloads, subjective health indicators, socioeconomic status, household context and allow both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. This dataset is now available as a Scientific Use File for the scientific community via the Research Data Centre of the Federal Employment Agency at the Institute for Employment Research. The report contains information on data collection, data editing, anonymisation and the description of the variables of the two waves.
The study examined whether the extent of negative body-related thoughts and emotions evoked by looking in a mirror can be changed by cognitive-behavioural body image therapy (BIT) and whether any remaining cognitive and affective responses dropped faster after the treatment. Females with eating disorders (n = 17) looked in a mirror for 40 minutes under standardised conditions before and after BIT. A control group (CG) (n = 24) was also exposed to their own bodies twice. Cognitive and affective reactions were assessed four times during the session. Hierarchical Linear Modelling revealed that among eating-disordered patients, the entrance levels of negative thoughts and feelings were lower at post compared to pre-BIT, whereas they remained stable in the CG. The extent of reduction of the remaining body image distress was not changed after the treatment. BIT seems to be a potent treatment of negative emotions and cognitions in an in vivo situation.
This dissertation, written for the course Master of European Social Policy Analysis – National University of Ireland Maynooth - , shows the context or so-called framework within which the medical social work service in two different welfare states: Ireland and Germany operates. This means the societal context as a whole, the health system in general (macro-level) and the hospital setting (mezzo-level) in particular. The idea of this publication is to give a short overview of the historic development of medical social work (micro-level) in Ireland and Germany and some background information about what medical social work is. The time frame examined starts from the 1980s up to present. The main questions to be answered are: What are the interdependencies between the macro-, mezzo- and micro-level? Have changes in the health system in general and the hospitals in particular influenced medical social work and if so how? What are the similarities and differences in the two countries?
Reconciling work and family life is one of the main issues of welfare state policies in the fields of childcare and long-term care. On that account, policy and research are focused almost exclusively on women – often on the reconciliation of work and childbearing – and social policy at the state level. In our study, we concentrate on men who reconcile gainful employment with elderly care, and we include the company level – a level of analysis often neglected in traditional theoretical approaches and typologies of comparative welfare state research. In Germany, during the last decade, the share of sons who are responsible for taking care of their elderly relatives has remarkably increased. In our qualitative research, we carried out comparative case studies in eleven German companies. We conducted around 60 interviews with male employees caring for an elderly relative, as well as with members of the works councils and human resources departments in different kinds of companies. We analysed which familial, social, professional, legal as well as occupational resources are central for these men, how they cope with reconciling work and care, and which gaps in the welfare system they identify. Interestingly, the overwhelming majority of the caring sons claim not to have problems in reconciling work and care, although they spend significant time on caring. In this paper we try to explain this pattern by looking at their typical care arrangements. We found that while women tend to organise employment around care, men rather seem to organise care around their employment. Given the feminist critique of the “adult worker model” this is an interesting result and needs theoretical reflection. Do men have the solution to the care-blindness of the “adult worker model” without falling into the “cold modern model of care”? Which resources are mainly used in “adult worker care arrangements”? Where are the limits of the approach?
Sporting Aces and the Military: Performance, Discipline, and Nationalism in the Fields of Honor
(2009)
In German music education, the focus has historically been on formal music education in schools. Participatory music making in the community, or community music, has so far received little attention in theory or practice. This thesis constitutes the first in-depth analysis of the development of community music in Germany, conducted using empirical data and literature analysis. The development of the Munich Community Music Action Research Group is highlighted as an example of the potential of community music in the German context. The research shows that the context-specific development of a framework for community music in Germany, within the community music spirit of participation reflected in the action research methodology, gives voice to and connects community musicians, and has contributed considerably to the development of community music theory and practice, not only in Munich, but across Germany.
The groupuscularization of neo-Nazism in Germany: the case of the Aktionsbüro Norddeutschland
(2004)
Towards a Model of Early Entrepreneurial Education: Appreciation, Facilitation and Evaluation
(2019)
Objective Vocational rehabilitation measures support youth and young adults with disabilities to obtain vocational training and to enter the labor market. In Germany, a growing number of young people with psychological disabilities in vocational rehabilitation can be observed. The study at hand focuses on this group and examines their (un-)unemployment biographies before vocational rehabilitation, their access to vocational rehabilitation and identifies their individual challenges within the process of vocational rehabilitation. Methods Using a multi-methods approach, we analyze representative administrative data of the German Federal Employment Agency as well as biographical interviews conducted with young rehabilitants. We compare the population of young rehabilitants with psychological disorders to those with other disabilities in terms of vocational rehabilitation and initial labor market entry in order to get a representative picture about their school to work transitions. Since rehabilitants with psychological disabilities tend to be older than the remaining population, analyses are stratified by age groups. In addition, qualitative in-depth interviews provide an additional and deeper understanding of specific employment barriers youth with psychological disorders have to overcome. Furthermore, the individual perspective gives insight on how the crucial transition from school to work is perceived by the population under study. Results The pathway into vocational rehabilitation of youth with psychological disorders is often characterized by obstacles in their transition from school to work. During rehabilitation, it appears essential to provide psychological stabilization along with vocational training. Although their average level of education is higher than those of other rehabilitants, labor market transition after (often company-external) vocational training challenges many young people with psychological disabilities, leaving many of them with comparatively poor labor market prospects. Conclusions Young persons with psychological disabilities, who come from regular schools or dropped out from regular school or university, seem to find their way to vocational rehabilitation more indirectly. Furthermore, vocational rehabilitation itself is often prolonged for those with psychological disabilities possibly due to a corresponding stabilization process. However, vocational rehabilitation can be a core element within the stabilization process of a psychological disease.
Gender-specific differences in the frequency of depression to the disadvantage of women have been known for decades. In Germany, there is evidence that the prevalence of mental disorders also differs by occupation. The present study investigates whether for women working in male-dominated occupations and for men working in female-dominated occupations is related to depressive symptoms independently from other factors like work stress and work-family conflict. Special attention is paid to gender differences. Moreover, women are distinguished according to their working time (full-time or not). We use data from the first wave of the lidAstudy for our analyses. We make use of the applied Beck Depression Inventory, the effort-reward imbalance scales as well as the work-family conflict scale. Occupational gender segregation is defined as a share of 80 % of men and women per occupation, respectively. For women, the results of the multivariate analyses show an independent relationship between depressive symptoms and working in male-dominated occupations. Furthermore, significant interactions between occupational gender segregation and work stress are observed in both men and women regarding depressive symptoms.