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LUST (lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt) ist ein interdisziplinäres Projekt der Fachbereiche Architektur, Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik sowie Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften der Hochschule Düsseldorf. Mittelpunkt des Projektes ist die fachübergreifende Entwicklung neuer Konzepte für eine lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt. Es wurde gefördert vom Land Nordrhein-Westfalen im Rahmen des Programms „FH Struktur“.
Kempen wird zum Reallabor
(2019)
Berechnungs- und Auslegungstool zur energieeffizienten Kühlung von Gebäuden (Coolplan). P5-28
(2014)
Alltag und Soziale Arbeit in der Corona-Pandemie. Einblicke in Perspektiven der Adressat*innen
(2022)
Wie ergeht es Menschen in ohnehin schon schwierigen Lebenslagen während der Corona-Krise? Ziel des Sammelbandes ist es, die Perspektive von Adressat*innen und Nutzer*innen Sozialer Arbeit auf die durch die Corona-Krise bedingten Veränderungen ihrer Alltagswelten und die Angebote Sozialer Arbeit empirisch aufzuzeigen. Hierzu werden im Sammelband sowohl erste empirische Analysen dargestellt als auch die vorliegenden Ergebnisse übergreifend auf Theoriedebatten sowie Impulse für Praxis und Forschung Sozialer Arbeit hin diskutiert.
Der gegenwärtigen empirischen Leerstelle bezogen auf die Wahrnehmung der Krise von Adressat*innen und Nutzer*innen Sozialer Arbeit steht aktuell eine weit verbreitete Sorge dem Wohlergehen der Adressat*innen Sozialer Arbeit entgegen. Seit April 2020 gibt es eine Vielzahl an Problemaufrissen, Brandbriefen, problematisierenden Analysen, die die Corona-Krise als Verstärkerin ohnehin bestehender sozialer Ungleichheiten betrachten und je nach Ausrichtung politische Interventionen fordern. Ein Großteil dieser Analysen bezieht sich entweder auf Einschätzungen von Sozialarbeiter*innen oder auf analytische Schlüsse.
Im Vergleich zur Perspektive der Sozialen Arbeit als Profession gibt es dagegen bisher kaum Veröffentlichungen zu der Frage, wie die Adressat*innen und Nutzer*innen Sozialer Arbeit selbst die Corona-Krise betrachten und erleben, die in all ihrer Unterschiedlichkeit doch gemein haben, dass sie zumeist über unterdurchschnittliche soziale, ökonomische und kulturelle Ressourcen verfügen. Als Fachgruppe Adressat*innen, Nutzer*innen und (Nicht)Nutzung Sozialer Arbeit der DGSA fühlen wir uns jedoch genau dieser Perspektive besonders verpflichtet: diejenigen zu Wort kommen zu lassen, ,über die in der Sozialen Arbeit meist nur gesprochen wird
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Ausgliederung von Unternehmensprozessen in andere Länder (Offshoring) und Produktivität hat noch nicht die Aufmerksamkeit in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte gefunden, die er verdient. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine einfache Methode vor, wie sich der Wachstumsbeitrag zur Arbeitsproduktivität von mit Outsourcing verbundenen Strategien ökonometrisch im Zeitablauf schätzen lässt. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz wird dann dazu verwendet, die Wirkung von Offshoring auf die Qualifikationsentwicklung und die Lohnquote zu bestimmen. Zur Beantwortung der beiden empirischen Fragen verwendet die Studie ausgewählte japanische Branchen während der Phase geringen Wachstums in jüngerer Zeit. Die gefundenen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Offshoring die Arbeitsproduktivität in der Halbleiterindustrie verbessert hat. Sie sollten jedoch mit der üblichen Vorsicht interpretiert werden. Darüber hinaus ist Offshoring eine wesentlicher Grund für den Wandel von Branchen mit unterschiedlicher Qualifikationszusammensetzung (verbesserte Durchschnittsqualifikation) und eine wichtige Determinante der gesunkenen Lohnquote.
Die Autoren analysieren die Wirkungen von internationaler Verlagerung (Offshoring) niedrig qualifizierter Beschäftigung auf die Wohlfahrt der betroffenen Volkswirtschaft. Mit Hilfe eines Matching-Modells mit unterschiedlichen möglichen Gleichgewichten untersuchen die Verfasser zwei Politikmaßnahmen, die potenziell die negativen Wohlfahrtseffekte des Offshorings überkompensieren können. Im Einzelnen umfassen die Maßnahmen einen Anstieg der Lohnersatzleistungen für Arbeitslose sowie eine Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsmarktes. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: Während beide Politikmaßnahmen zwar theoretisch die Volkswirtschaft zurück auf ihr Wohlfahrtsniveau vor Offshoring bringen können, so ist doch die Praktikabilität beider wirtschaftspolitischen Instrumente eher zweifelhaft. So würde insbesondere ein großer Anstieg der Arbeitslosengeldleistungen erforderlich sein, aber nur eine kleine Verringerung der Kosten einer offenen Stelle, um die negativen Wohlfahrtseffekte des Offshoring auszugleichen. Zusätzlich arbeitet das Papier heraus, dass eine Kompensierung der Effekte ebenfalls möglich ist durch eine Höherqualifizierung der niedrig qualifizierten Arbeitnehmer, die abhängig ist von dem spezifischen Gleichgewicht ist, das sich einstellt.
Untertitel: Diskurs aus Anlass des sogenannten "Datenskandals" der Deutsche Bahn AG. Im Rahmen einer umfassenden betrieblichen "Compliance", also der Gewährleistung einer gesetzestreuen und regelkonformen, ordnungsgemäßen Unternehmensführung, ist durch geeignete Kontrollen sicher zu stellen, dass Gesetzesverstöße und regelwidriges Verhalten im Unternehmen sowie aus ihnen resultierende Schäden vermieden werden. Dabei kommen IT-gestützte Verfahren zum Einsatz, die ihrerseits den Anforderungen der Compliance, insbesondere hinsichtlich Datenschutz- und Mitbestimmungsrecht, genügen müssen. Die Abhandlung versteht sich als Diskussionsbeitrag im Zusammenhang mit dem sogenannten "Datenskandal" der Deutsche Bahn AG 2009 und seiner Erörterung in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit.
(Version 2 seit 30.03.2022 verfügbar - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hs-duesseldorf/3661)
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Die unternehmerische Zielfindung und Zielsetzung ist Ausgangspunkt jeder Befassung mit Fragen der Unternehmensführung, die Zielautonomie der Unternehmen konstitutives Merkmal einer marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung. Regulierende Vorgaben, wie die Normierung des ‚Unternehmensinteresses‘ im deutschen Aktienrecht sowie ethisch-normative theoretische Ansätze zur unternehmerischen Zielbildung gewinnen im Zusammenhang mit dem aktuellen betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschungsfeld ‚Compliance‘ in Theorie und Praxis eine neue Bedeutung.
Die unternehmerische Zielfindung und Zielsetzung ist Ausgangspunkt jeder Befassung mit Fragen der Unternehmensführung, die Zielautonomie der Unternehmen konstitutives Merkmal einer marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung. Regulierende Vorgaben, wie die Normierung des ‚Unternehmensinteresses‘ im deutschen Aktienrecht sowie ethisch-normative theoretische Ansätze zur unternehmerischen Zielbildung gewinnen im Zusammenhang mit dem aktuellen betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschungsfeld ‚Compliance‘ in Theorie und Praxis eine neue Bedeutung.
Die Fachhochschule Düsseldorf hat im Auftrag der Rheinbahn AG, Betreiber der städtischen Bahnen und Busse in Düsseldorf und umliegender Region, die Studie „Wahrnehmung und Image der Rheinbahn AG im Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit“ durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie stützen sich auf insgesamt ca. 2400 telefonische und schriftliche Befragungen im Zeitraum zwischen November 2007 und November 2008. Zwei Fragenkomplexe stehen im Vordergrund der Untersuchung: "Welches differenzierte Image hat das Angebot der Rheinbahn in den Köpfen der Zielgruppen?" und "Welche Schlussfolgerungen ziehen die Gutachter aus diesen Befunden im Hinblick auf eine positive Beeinflussung des Images der Rheinbahn?" Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht dokumentiert die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung und enthält die gutachterliche Stellungnahme der mit der Durchführung der Studie beauftragten Autoren.
Music-related decision-making encompasses a wide range of behaviours including those associated with listening choices, composition and performance, and decisions involving music education and therapy. Although research programmes in psychology and economics have contributed to an improved understanding of music-related behaviour, historically, these disciplines have been unconnected. Recently, however, researchers have begun to bridge this gap by employing tools from behavioural economics. This article contributes to the literature by providing a discussion about the benefits of using behavioural economics in music-decision research. We achieve this in two ways. First, through a systematic review, we identify the current state of the literature within four key areas of behavioural economics-heuristics and biases, social decision-making, behavioural time preferences, and dual-process theory. Second, taking findings of the literature as a starting point, we demonstrate how behavioural economics can inform future research. Based on this, we propose the Behavioural Economics of Music (BEM), an integrated research programme that aims to break new ground by stimulating interdisciplinary research in the intersection between music, psychology, and economics.
Wear it or fear it: exploration of drivers & barriers in smartwatch acceptance by senior citizens
(2018)
Reconciling work and family life is one of the main issues of welfare state policies in the fields of childcare and long-term care. On that account, policy and research are focused almost exclusively on women – often on the reconciliation of work and childbearing – and social policy at the state level. In our study, we concentrate on men who reconcile gainful employment with elderly care, and we include the company level – a level of analysis often neglected in traditional theoretical approaches and typologies of comparative welfare state research. In Germany, during the last decade, the share of sons who are responsible for taking care of their elderly relatives has remarkably increased. In our qualitative research, we carried out comparative case studies in eleven German companies. We conducted around 60 interviews with male employees caring for an elderly relative, as well as with members of the works councils and human resources departments in different kinds of companies. We analysed which familial, social, professional, legal as well as occupational resources are central for these men, how they cope with reconciling work and care, and which gaps in the welfare system they identify. Interestingly, the overwhelming majority of the caring sons claim not to have problems in reconciling work and care, although they spend significant time on caring. In this paper we try to explain this pattern by looking at their typical care arrangements. We found that while women tend to organise employment around care, men rather seem to organise care around their employment. Given the feminist critique of the “adult worker model” this is an interesting result and needs theoretical reflection. Do men have the solution to the care-blindness of the “adult worker model” without falling into the “cold modern model of care”? Which resources are mainly used in “adult worker care arrangements”? Where are the limits of the approach?
Shadows in computer graphics are an important rendering aspect for spatial objects. For realtime computer applications such as games, it is essential to represent shadows as accurate as possible. Also, various tv stations work with virtual studio systems instead of real studio sets. Especially for those systems, a realistic impression of the rendered and mixed scene is important. One challenge, hence, is the creation of a natural shadow impression. This paper presents the results of an empirical study to compare the performance and quality of different shadow mapping methods. For this test, a prototype studio renderer was developed. A percentage closer filter (pcf) with a number of specific resolutions is used to minimize the aliasing issue. More advanced algorithms which generate smooth shadows like the percentage closer soft shadow (pcss) method as well as the variance shadow maps (vsm) method are analysed. Different open source apis are used to develop the virtual studio renderer, giving the benefit of permanent enhancement. The Ogre 3D graphic engine is used to implement the rendering system, benefiting from various functions and plugins. The transmission of the tracking data is accomplished with the vrpn server/client and the Intersense api. The different shadow algorithms are compared in a virtual studio environment which also casts real shadows and thus gives a chance for a direct comparison throughout the empirical user study. The performance is measured in frames per secon
Poincaré gauge theory of gravity: Friedman cosmology with even and odd parity modes: Analytic part
(2011)
In order to improve the interactivity between users and computers, recent technologies focus on incorporating gesture recognition into interactive systems. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of using a Myo control armband and the Kinect 2 for recognition of gestures in order to interact with virtual objects in a weather report scenario. The Myo armband has an inertial measurement unit and is able to read electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles, which can be recognized as gestures, which are trained by machine learning. A Kinect sensor was used to build up a dataset which contains motion recordings of 8 different gestures and was also build up by a gesture training machine learning algorithm. Both input methods, the Kinect 2 and the Myo armband, were evaluated with the same interaction patterns in a user study, which allows a direct comparison and reveals benefits and limits of each technique.
In this paper we propose an integrated immersive augmented reality solution for a software tool supporting spacecraft design and verification. The spacecraft design process relies on expertise in many domains, such as thermal and structural engineering. The various subsystems of a spacecraft are highly interdependent and have differing requirements and constraints. In this context, interactive visualizations play an important role in making expert knowledge accessible. Recent immersive display technologies offer new ways of presenting and interacting with computer-generated content. Possibilities and challenges for spacecraft configuration employing these technologies are explored and discussed. A user interface design for an application using the Microsoft HoloLens is proposed. To this end, techniques for selecting a spacecraft component and manipulating its position and orientation in 3D space are developed and evaluated. Thus, advantages and limitations of this approach to spacecraft configuration are revealed and discussed.
Was ist eigentlich ein "UnSeminar"? Prof. Marmann aus dem Fachbereich Medien der Hochschule Düsseldorf erklärt in einem Interview mit dem Hochschulradio Düsseldorf sein Konzept für die Durchführung von Seminaren, das den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern sehr viel Freiheit in der (digitalen) Ausgestaltung der Themen bietet.
In Anlehnung an das Barcamp-Format, das auch "Unkonferenz" genannt wird, werden die Seminarthemen erst im Verlauf der Veranstaltung und durch Teilnehmenden entwickelt. Hierzu dienen mehrere Feedbackschleifen. Darüber hinaus kommen in den Unseminaren verschiedene digitale Technologien zur Organisation, zur Kommunikation und zur Kreation zum Einsatz, um en passant auch die Digitalkompetenz der Studierenden weiterzuentwickeln. So ist z.B. ein Multimedia-Abstract Bestandteil eines jeden Seminarbeitrages und die Seminarbeiträge selbst werden mit einem typischen Blogsystem ausgearbeitet. Alle Beiträge sind innerhalb des Fachbereichs für interessierte Studierende einsehbar, so dass Studierende auch von Kommilitonen lernen können.
In dieser Arbeit werden die definierenden Eigenschaften von Open Educational Resources (OER) recherchiert. Wie können die Anforderungen an Inhalten, Medien-wahl, didaktischen Konzept mit einem hohen Grad an Interaktivität erfüllt werden? – Die Literatur zu diesen Fragestellungen liefert den aktuellen Forschungsstand.
The late immersion of multi-touch sensitive displays enables the use of tangibles on multi-touch screens. There a several wide spread and/or sophisticated solutions to fulfill this need but they seem to have some flaws. One popular system at the time of writing is an overlay frame that can be placed on a normal display with the corresponding size. The frame creates a grid with infrared light emitting diodes. The disruption of this grid can be detected and messages with the positions are sent via usb to a connected computer. This system is quite robust in matters of ambient light insensitivity and also fast to calibrate. Unfortunately it is not created with the recognition of tangibles in mind and printed patterns can not be resolved. This article summarizes an attempt to create fiducials that are recognized by an infrared multi-touch frame as fingers. Those false fingers are checked by a software for known patterns. Once a known pattern (= fiducial) has been recognized its position and orientation are send with the finger positions towards the interactive software. The usability is tested with an example application where tangibles and finger touches are used in combination.
The settling velocities of helminth eggs of three types, namely Ascaris suum (ASC), Trichuris suis (TRI), and Oesophagostomum spp. (OES), in clean tap water are computationally determined by means of computational fluid dynamics, using the general-purpose CFD software ANSYS Fluent 18.0. The previous measurements of other authors are taken as the basis for the problem formulation and validation, whereby the latter is performed by comparing the predicted sink velocities with those measured in an Owen tube. To enable a computational treatment, the measured shapes of the eggs are parametrized by idealizing them in terms of elementary geometric forms. As the egg shapes show a variation within each class, “mean” shapes are considered. The sink velocities are obtained through the computationally obtained drag coefficients. The latter are defined by means of steady-state calculations. Predicted sink velocities are compared with the measured ones. It is observed that the calculated values show a better agreement with the measurements, for ASC and TRI, compared to the theoretical sink values delivered by the Stokes theory. However, the observed agreement is still found not to be very satisfactory, indicating the role of further parameters, such as the uncertainties in the characterization of egg shapes or flocculation effects even in clean tap water.
A swirling pulverized coal flame is computationally investigated. A Eulerian–Lagrangian formulation is used to describe the two-phase flow. Turbulence is modelled within a RANS (Reynolds averaged numerical simulation) framework. Four turbulence viscosity- (TV) based models, namely the standard k-ε model, realizable k-ε model, renormalization group theory k-ε model, and the shear stress transport k-ω model are used. In addition, a Reynolds stress transport model (RSM) is employed. The models are assessed by comparing the predicted velocity fields with the measurements of other authors. In terms of overall average values, the agreement of the predictions to the measurements is observed to be within the range 20–40%. A better performance of the RSM compared to the TV models is observed, with a nearly twice as better overall agreement to the experiments, particularly for the swirl velocity. In the second part of the investigation, the resolution of the discrete particle phase in modelling the turbulent particle dispersion (TPD) and particle size distribution (SD) is investigated. Using the discrete random walk model for the TPD, it is shown that even five random walks are sufficient for an accuracy that is quite high, with a less than 1% mean deviation from the solution obtained by thirty random walks. The approximation of the measured SD is determined by a continuous Rosin–Rammler distribution function, and inaccuracies that can occur in its subsequent discretization are demonstrated and discussed. An investigation on the resolution of the SD by discrete particle size classes (SC) indicates that 12 SC are required for an accuracy with a less than 1% mean deviation from the solution with 18 SC. Although these numbers may not necessarily be claimed to be sufficiently universal, they may serve as guidance, at least for SD with similar characteristics
Computational investigation of oxy-combustion of pulverized coal and biomass in a swirl burner
(2022)
Computational investigation of hemodynamics in hardshell venous reservoirs: A comparative study
(2019)
Extracorporeal circulation using heart‐lung‐machines is associated with a profound activation of corpuscular and plasmatic components of circulating blood, which can also lead to deleterious events such as systemic inflammatory response and hemolysis. Individual components used to install the extracorporeal circulation have an impact on the level of activation, most predominantly membrane oxygenators and hardshell venous reservoirs as used in extracorporeal systems. The blood flows in two different hardshell reservoirs are computationally investigated. A special emphasis is placed on the prediction of an onset of transition and turbulence generation. Reynolds‐averaged numerical simulations (RANS) based on a transitional turbulence model, as well as large eddy simulations (LES) are applied to achieve an accurate prediction. In the LES analysis, the non‐Newtonian behavior of the blood is considered via the Carreau model. Blood damage potential is quantified applying the Modified Index of Hemolysis (MIH) based on the predicted flow fields. The results indicate that the flows in both reservoirs remain predominantly laminar. For one of the reservoirs, considerable turbulence generation is observed near the exit site, caused by the specific design for the connection with the drainage tube. This difference causes the MIH of this reservoir to be nearly twice as large as compared to the alternative design. However, a substantial improvement of these performance criteria can be expected by a local geometry modification.
CFX 11.0 is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program for simulating the behavior of systems involving fluid flow, heat transfer, and other related physical processes. It works by solving the equations of fluid flow (in a special form) over a region of interest, with specified (known) conditions on the boundary of that region. This tool is used here to analyse the straw cutter which is used to comminute the straw which is left standing in the field after stripper header has stripped the grains from the crops. Stripper Header is a new technique different to conventional harvester machines and it is still under development and testing. It works on the principle in which grains are first stripped off from the head of the standing crop which helps in much reduced intake freeing up the separation systems to handle a larger volume of grains. But with this, the new problem of the disposal of the long, uncut straw left after stripping of grains arose. So a straw cutter is used after the stripper header stage in this Combine Harvester, where the rotor is equipped with pressed steel blades and rotates towards the crop, i.e., it cuts and lifts the straw over the top. This technique is environment friendly because previously farmers would have to burn the long, uncut straw standing in the fields while in this case mulched straw can be used for min-till systems. This rotor based straw cutting machine is analysed here which helps us in increasing power efficiency and comminution rate and quality of cut straw particles. Here fluid flow simulation has been preferred over particle simulation: - CFX 10.0 tool is not very effective for particle simulation techniques and computation time is increased considerably. - It’s very hard to realize particle simulation in CFX 10.0 because we have to define size and properties of each particle and besides this wall conditions would have to be defined differently for every boundary. - Besides this, it’s hard to realize cutting effect with straw particles in CFX 10.0 which otherwise would be comminuted in real life conditions. - The results obtained from fluid simulation are validated using experimental results and found to be nearly the same which clearly contradicts any need of performing particle simulation.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance of corrugated tube with spring tape inserts
(2019)
Leading edge serrations are well-known for their aeroacoustic potential in reducing aerofoil-turbulence interaction noise and are also associated with certain aerodynamic advantages. To prepare leading edge serrations for industrial application, two obstacles remain to be addressed. First is a combined analysis of the aeroacoustic and the aerodynamic performance of leading edge serrations to develop optimum designs. Second is the need to examine the transferability of the known effects of leading edge serrations from a single aerofoil to full rotors, which are considered to be the final area of application.
This thesis aims to assist in the transfer of a well-investigated aerofoil with serrated leading edges from the rigid to the rotating domain. With this purpose, a single aerofoil type is selected and thoroughly analysed, experimentally and numerically, to generate a reliable data basis for aerodynamic performance and noise reduction capability. Aside from gathering information on the overall performance, the spatial distribution of the noise sources is localised, and the spectral composition of the noise reduction is found to follow a clearly defined scaling law. Aerodynamically, generated vortices are found to be responsible for a complex three-dimensional separation mechanism of the leading edge serrations, causing a delay of stall.
The generated data basis is then used to design low-pressure axial fans of minimum complexity by keeping the initially chosen aerofoil type. The experimentally identified noise reduction mechanisms for the serrated axial fans are found to be more diverse than the single aerofoil and highly dependent on the inflow conditions and the operation point of the fan. A highly similar pattern for the spectral scaling of the noise reduction supports the finding that at optimum operation conditions, the previously identified noise reduction mechanisms for the single aerofoils are transferable to the rotating domain. On the other hand, additional aerodynamic mechanisms are found to dominate the noise reduction for the instability region of the fan, also contributing to reduced blade-to-blade interaction effects. Moreover, the blade-tip leakage flow is altered by delaying the development of coherent structures.
The next step towards a more general description of the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic dependencies is developing a comprehensive model based on artificial neural networks. This model allows a combined analysis of the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of rotors with serrated leading edges and shows an accurate prediction of the overall performance and the spectral composition of the radiated noise. It also enables the development of multi-objective optima for serration designs and motivates further studies into the generalisability of the observed trends. Furthermore, the developed model represents a feasible tool to create tailored serration designs for maximum efficiency in both aeroacoustics and aerodynamics, contributing to the development of future low-noise fans and rotating machinery.