TY - JOUR A1 - Deckert, Carsten A1 - Schomaker, Rahel M. T1 - Cultural tightness–looseness and national innovativeness: impacts of tolerance and diversity of opinion JF - Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship N2 - The links between innovativeness as a driver of economic performance, and the determinants of innovativeness have been investigated by management scholars and economists for decades, focusing mostly on “hard factors” as investment in research and development, or education. Focusing on a relatively neglected, but in times of globalization even more important aspect, the infuence of cultural characteristics on innovativeness, we apply diferent econometric models to test for links between cultural tightness and looseness on the one hand, and national innovativeness on the other hand. We fnd that cultural tightness—in the sense of homogenous and intolerant societies—has a negative link to national innovativeness, while cultural looseness—in the sense of tolerant and diverse societies—displays a positive link to national innovativeness. KW - DOAJ KW - DEAL KW - Innovation KW - Kultur KW - Toleranz KW - Diversity of opinion Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-36515 SN - 2192-5372 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krebs, Christian A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Braun, Alexander T1 - Impact of Windshield Optical Aberrations on Visual Range Camera Based Classification Tasks Performed by CNNs JF - London Imaging Meeting Y1 - 2021 SN - 0-89208-346-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2694-118X.2021.LIM-83 SN - 2694-118X VL - 2021 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 87 PB - Ingenta connect ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Brummel, Mattis A1 - Braun, Alexander T1 - Spatial recall index for machine learning algorithms JF - London Imaging Meeting N2 - We present a novel metric Spatial Recall Index to assess the performance of machine-learning (ML) algorithms for automotive applications, focusing on where in the image which performance occurs. Typical metrics like intersection-over-union (IoU), precisionrecallcurves or average precision (AP) quantify the performance over a whole database of images, neglecting spatial performance variations. But as the optics of camera systems are spatially variable over the field of view, the performance of ML-based algorithms is also a function of space, which we show in simulation: A realistic objective lens based on a Cooke-triplet that exhibits typical optical aberrations like astigmatism and chromatic aberration, all variable over field, is modeled. The model is then applied to a subset of the BDD100k dataset with spatially-varying kernels. We then quantify local changes in the performance of the pre-trained Mask R-CNN algorithm. Our examples demonstrate the spatial dependence of the performance of ML-based algorithms from the optical quality over field, highlighting the need to take the spatial dimension into account when training ML-based algorithms, especially when looking forward to autonomous driving applications. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-35657 SN - 0-89208-346-6 VL - 2021 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 62 PB - Society for Imaging Science and Technology ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tseng, Ethan A1 - Mosleh, Ali A1 - Mannan, Fahim A1 - St-Arnaud, Karl A1 - Sharma, Avinash A1 - Peng, Yifan A1 - Braun, Alexander A1 - Nowrouzezahrai, Derek A1 - Lalonde, Jean-François A1 - Heide, Felix T1 - Differentiable Compound Optics and Processing Pipeline Optimization for End-to-end Camera Design JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics N2 - Most modern commodity imaging systems we use directly for photography‐-or indirectly rely on for downstream applications‐-employ optical systems of multiple lenses that must balance deviations from perfect optics, manufacturing constraints, tolerances, cost, and footprint. Although optical designs often have complex interactions with downstream image processing or analysis tasks, today’s compound optics are designed in isolation from these interactions. Existing optical design tools aim to minimize optical aberrations, such as deviations from Gauss’ linear model of optics, instead of application-specific losses, precluding joint optimization with hardware image signal processing (ISP) and highly parameterized neural network processing. In this article, we propose an optimization method for compound optics that lifts these limitations. We optimize entire lens systems jointly with hardware and software image processing pipelines, downstream neural network processing, and application-specific end-to-end losses. To this end, we propose a learned, differentiable forward model for compound optics and an alternating proximal optimization method that handles function compositions with highly varying parameter dimensions for optics, hardware ISP, and neural nets. Our method integrates seamlessly atop existing optical design tools, such as Zemax. We can thus assess our method across many camera system designs and end-to-end applications. We validate our approach in an automotive camera optics setting‐-together with hardware ISP post processing and detection‐-outperforming classical optics designs for automotive object detection and traffic light state detection. For human viewing tasks, we optimize optics and processing pipelines for dynamic outdoor scenarios and dynamic low-light imaging. We outperform existing compartmentalized design or fine-tuning methods qualitatively and quantitatively, across all domain-specific applications tested. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3446791 SN - 1557-7368 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wittpahl, Christian A1 - Deegan, Brian A1 - Black, Bob A1 - Braun, Alexander T1 - An analytic-numerical image flicker study to test novel flicker metrics JF - Electronic Imaging: Society for Imaging Science and Technology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-35671 SN - 2470-1173 IS - 17 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Society for Imaging Science and Technology ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckhardt, Jennifer A1 - Kaletka, Christoph A1 - Pelka, Bastian A1 - Unterfrauner, Elisabeth A1 - Voigt, Christian A1 - Zirngiebl, Marthe T1 - Gender in the making: An empirical approach to understand gender relations in the maker movement JF - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102548 SN - 1095-9300 VL - 145 IS - 102548 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millard, Jeremy A1 - Sorivelle, Marie A1 - Deljanin, Sarah A1 - Unterfrauner, Elisabeth A1 - Voigt, Christian T1 - Is the Maker Movement Contributing to Sustainability? JF - Sustainability KW - DOAJ Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072212 SN - 2071-1050 N1 - 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). VL - 10 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seebacher, Lisa M. A1 - Vana, Irina A1 - Voigt, Christian A1 - Tschank, Juliet T1 - Is Science for Everyone? Exploring Intersectional Inequalities in Connecting With Science JF - Frontiers in Education KW - DOAJ Y1 - 2021 UR - www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.673850/full#supplementary-material U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.673850 SN - 2504-284X N1 - The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.673850/full#supplementary-material. Copyright © 2021 Seebacher, Vana, Voigt and Tschank. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms E-ISSN(s): VL - 6 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unterfrauner, Elisabeth A1 - Voigt, Christian T1 - Makers’ ambitions to do socially valuable things JF - The Design Journal Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2017.1352835 SN - 1756-3062 N1 - 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. VL - 20 IS - sup1 SP - 3317 EP - 3325 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unterfrauner, Elisabeth A1 - Voigt, Christian A1 - Hofer, Margit T1 - The effect of maker and entrepreneurial education on self-efficacy and creativity JF - Entrepreneurship Education Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00060-w SN - 2520-8152 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 403 EP - 424 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schorn, Michelle A. A1 - Verhoeven, Stefan A1 - Ridder, Lars A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Acharya, Deepa D. A1 - Aksenov, Alexander A. A1 - Aleti, Gajender A1 - Moghaddam, Jamshid Amiri A1 - Aron, Allegra T. A1 - Aziz, Saefuddin A1 - Bauermeister, Anelize A1 - Bauman, Katherine D. A1 - Baunach, Martin A1 - Beemelmanns, Christine A1 - Beman, J. Michael A1 - Berlanga-Clavero, María Victoria A1 - Blacutt, Alex A. A1 - Bode, Helge B. A1 - Boullie, Anne A1 - Brejnrod, Asker A1 - Bugni, Tim S. A1 - Calteau, Alexandra A1 - Cao, Liu A1 - Carrión, Víctor J. A1 - Castelo-Branco, Raquel A1 - Chanana, Shaurya A1 - Chase, Alexander B. A1 - Chevrette, Marc G. A1 - Costa-Lotufo, Leticia V. A1 - Crawford, Jason M. A1 - Currie, Cameron R. A1 - Cuypers, Bart A1 - Dang, Tam A1 - de Rond, Tristan A1 - Demko, Alyssa M. A1 - Dittmann, Elke A1 - Du, Chao A1 - Drozd, Christopher A1 - Dujardin, Jean-Claude A1 - Dutton, Rachel J. A1 - Edlund, Anna A1 - Fewer, David P. A1 - Garg, Neha A1 - Gauglitz, Julia M. A1 - Gentry, Emily C. A1 - Gerwick, Lena A1 - Glukhov, Evgenia A1 - Gross, Harald A1 - Gugger, Muriel A1 - Guillén Matus, Dulce G. A1 - Helfrich, Eric J. N. A1 - Hempel, Benjamin-Florian A1 - Hur, Jae-Seoun A1 - Iorio, Marianna A1 - Jensen, Paul R. A1 - Kang, Kyo Bin A1 - Kaysser, Leonard A1 - Kelleher, Neil L. A1 - Kim, Chung Sub A1 - Kim, Ki Hyun A1 - Koester, Irina A1 - König, Gabriele M. A1 - Leao, Tiago A1 - Lee, Seoung Rak A1 - Lee, Yi-Yuan A1 - Li, Xuanji A1 - Little, Jessica C. A1 - Maloney, Katherine N. A1 - Männle, Daniel A1 - Martin H, Christian A1 - McAvoy, Andrew C. A1 - Metcalf, Willam W. A1 - Mohimani, Hosein A1 - Molina-Santiago, Carlos A1 - Moore, Bradley S. A1 - Mullowney, Michael W. A1 - Muskat, Mitchell A1 - Nothias, Louis-Félix A1 - O'Neill, Ellis C. A1 - Parkinson, Elizabeth I. A1 - Petras, Daniel A1 - Piel, Jörn A1 - Pierce, Emily C. A1 - Pires, Karine A1 - Reher, Raphael A1 - Romero, Diego A1 - Roper, M. Caroline A1 - Rust, Michael A1 - Saad, Hamada A1 - Saenz, Carmen A1 - Sanchez, Laura M. A1 - Sørensen, Søren Johannes A1 - Sosio, Margherita A1 - Süssmuth, Roderich D. A1 - Sweeney, Douglas A1 - Tahlan, Kapil A1 - Thomson, Regan J. A1 - Tobias, Nicholas J. A1 - Trindade-Silva, Amaro E. A1 - van Wezel, Gilles P. A1 - Wang, Mingxun A1 - Weldon, Kelly C. A1 - Zhang, Fan A1 - Ziemert, Nadine A1 - Duncan, Katherine R. A1 - Crüsemann, Max A1 - Rogers, Simon A1 - Dorrestein, Pieter C. A1 - Medema, Marnix H. A1 - van der Hooft, Justin J. J. T1 - A community resource for paired genomic and metabolomic data mining JF - Nature Chemical Biology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33589842 SN - 1552-4469 N1 - Additional information: Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-020-00724-z. VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 363 EP - 368 PB - Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beniddir, Mehdi A. A1 - Kang, Kyo Bin A1 - Genta-Jouve, Grégory A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Rogers, Simon A1 - van der Hooft, Justin J. J. T1 - Advances in decomposing complex metabolite mixtures using substructure- and network-based computational metabolomics approaches JF - Natural Product Reports Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34772 SN - 1460-4752 VL - 38 IS - 11 SP - 1967 EP - 1993 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Käs, Josef T1 - Self-regulative organization of the cytoskeleton JF - Cytoskeleton N2 - Despite its impressive complexity the cytoskeleton succeeds to persistently organize itself and thus the cells' interior. In contrast to classical man-made machines, much of the cellular organization originates from inherent self-assembly and self-organization allowing a high degree of autonomy for various functional units. Recent experimental and theoretical studies revealed numerous examples of cytoskeleton components that arrange and organize in a self-regulative way. In the present review we want to shortly summarize some of the principle mechanisms that are able to inherently trigger and regulate the cytoskeleton organization. Although taken individually most of these regulative principles are rather simple with intuitively predictable consequences, combinations of two or more of these mechanisms can quickly give rise to very complex, unexpected behavior and might even be able to explain the formation of different functional units out of a common pool of available building blocks. Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438165 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cm.20509 SN - 1949-3592 N1 - Acknowledgment We would like to thank Dan Strehle for critical reading ofthis manuscript. This work was funded by the Leipzig School of Natural Sciences ‘‘BuildMoNa’’ as well as bythe Sa¨chsische Aufbaubank project number 13403 VL - 68 IS - 5 SP - 259 EP - 265 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Strehle, Dan A1 - Schnauß, Jörg A1 - Käs, Josef T1 - Formation of regularly spaced networks as a general feature of actin bundle condensation by entropic forces JF - New Journal of Physics KW - DOAJ Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34833 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 17 IS - 4 PB - IOP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Verhoeven, Stefan A1 - Meijer, Christiaan A1 - Spreeuw, Hanno A1 - Castilla, Efraín A1 - Geng, Cunliang A1 - van der Hooft, Justin J. J. A1 - Rogers, Simon A1 - Belloum, Adam A1 - Diblen, Faruk A1 - Spaaks, Jurriaan H. T1 - matchms - processing and similarity evaluation of mass spectrometry data JF - Journal of Open Source Software KW - DOAJ Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34856 SN - 2475-9066 VL - 5 IS - 52 PB - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Preciado López, Magdalena A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Grigoriev, Ilya A1 - Steinmetz, Michel O. A1 - Akhmanova, Anna A1 - Koenderink, Gijsje H. A1 - Dogterom, Marileen T1 - Actin-microtubule coordination at growing microtubule ends JF - Nature Communications N2 - To power dynamic processes in cells, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons organize into complex structures. Although it is known that cytoskeletal coordination is vital for cell function, the mechanisms by which cross-linking proteins coordinate actin and microtubule activities remain poorly understood. In particular, it is unknown how the distinct mechanical properties of different actin architectures modulate the outcome of actin-microtubule interactions. To address this question, we engineered the protein TipAct, which links growing microtubule ends via end-binding proteins to actin filaments. We show that growing microtubules can be captured and guided by stiff actin bundles, leading to global actin-microtubule alignment. Conversely, growing microtubule ends can transport, stretch and bundle individual actin filaments, thereby globally defining actin filament organization. Our results provide a physical basis to understand actin-microtubule cross-talk, and reveal that a simple cross-linker can enable a mechanical feedback between actin and microtubule organization that is relevant to diverse biological contexts. KW - DOAJ Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34878 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 5 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stuhrmann, Björn A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Käs, Josef T1 - Robust organizational principles of protrusive biopolymer networks in migrating living cells JF - Plos One N2 - Cell migration is associated with the dynamic protrusion of a thin actin-based cytoskeletal extension at the cell front, which has been shown to consist of two different substructures, the leading lamellipodium and the subsequent lamellum. While the formation of the lamellipodium is increasingly well understood, organizational principles underlying the emergence of the lamellum are just beginning to be unraveled. We report here on a 1D mathematical model which describes the reaction-diffusion processes of a polarized actin network in steady state, and reproduces essential characteristics of the lamellipodium-lamellum system. We observe a steep gradient in filament lengths at the protruding edge, a local depolymerization maximum a few microns behind the edge, as well as a differential dominance of the network destabilizer ADF/cofilin and the stabilizer tropomyosin. We identify simple and robust organizational principles giving rise to the derived network characteristics, uncoupled from the specifics of any molecular implementation, and thus plausibly valid across cell types. An analysis of network length dependence on physico-chemical system parameters implies that to limit array treadmilling to cellular dimensions, network growth has to be truncated by mechanisms other than aging-induced depolymerization, e.g., by myosin-associated network dissociation at the transition to the cell body. Our work contributes to the analytical understanding of the cytoskeletal extension's bisection into lamellipodium and lamellum and sheds light on how cells organize their molecular machinery to achieve motility. KW - DOAJ Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34901 SN - 1932-6203 N1 - Funding: This work has been supported by the Leipzig Graduate College ‘‘GK 1097 InterNeuro - Interdisciplinary Approaches in Cellular Neuroscience’’ (http:// www.uni-leipzig.de/˜ineuro/) and the Graduate School ‘‘Leipzig School of Natural Sciences - Building with Molecules and Nano-objects (BuildMoNa)’’ (http://www. buildmona.de/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Public Library of Science (PLoS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adamatzky, Andrew A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Schnauß, Jörg T1 - Computing on actin bundles network JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Actin filaments are conductive to ionic currents, mechanical and voltage solitons. These travelling localisations can be utilised to generate computing circuits from actin networks. The propagation of localisations on a single actin filament is experimentally unfeasible to control. Therefore, we consider excitation waves propagating on bundles of actin filaments. In computational experiments with a two-dimensional slice of an actin bundle network we show that by using an arbitrary arrangement of electrodes, it is possible to implement two-inputs-one-output circuits. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34665 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31685834 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adamatzky, Andrew A1 - Schnauß, Jörg A1 - Huber, Florian T1 - Actin droplet machine JF - Royal Society Open Science N2 - The actin droplet machine is a computer model of a three-dimensional network of actin bundles developed in a droplet of a physiological solution, which implements mappings of sets of binary strings. The actin bundle network is conductive to travelling excitations, i.e. impulses. The machine is interfaced with an arbitrary selected set of k electrodes through which stimuli, binary strings of length k represented by impulses generated on the electrodes, are applied and responses are recorded. The responses are recorded in a form of impulses and then converted to binary strings. The machine's state is a binary string of length k: if there is an impulse recorded on the ith electrode, there is a '1' in the ith position of the string, and '0' otherwise. We present a design of the machine and analyse its state transition graphs. We envisage that actin droplet machines could form an elementary processor of future massive parallel computers made from biopolymers. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34675 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31903204 SN - 2054-5703 N1 - A.A. was partially supported by EPSRC grant no. EP/P016677/1. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. VL - 6 IS - 12 PB - Royal Soc. Publ. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Florian A1 - Ridder, Lars A1 - Verhoeven, Stefan A1 - Spaaks, Jurriaan H. A1 - Diblen, Faruk A1 - Rogers, Simon A1 - van der Hooft, Justin J. J. T1 - Spec2Vec: Improved mass spectral similarity scoring through learning of structural relationships JF - PLOS Computational Biology N2 - Spectral similarity is used as a proxy for structural similarity in many tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) based metabolomics analyses such as library matching and molecular networking. Although weaknesses in the relationship between spectral similarity scores and the true structural similarities have been described, little development of alternative scores has been undertaken. Here, we introduce Spec2Vec, a novel spectral similarity score inspired by a natural language processing algorithm-Word2Vec. Spec2Vec learns fragmental relationships within a large set of spectral data to derive abstract spectral embeddings that can be used to assess spectral similarities. Using data derived from GNPS MS/MS libraries including spectra for nearly 13,000 unique molecules, we show how Spec2Vec scores correlate better with structural similarity than cosine-based scores. We demonstrate the advantages of Spec2Vec in library matching and molecular networking. Spec2Vec is computationally more scalable allowing structural analogue searches in large databases within seconds. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-34687 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33591968 SN - 1553-7358 N1 - Data Availability Statement: The pre-processed, cleaned dataset with all positive ionization mode spectra can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978118, the original raw data can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3979010. Funding: J.J.J.v.d.H. acknowledges funding from an ASDI eScience grant, ASDI.2017.030, from the Netherlands eScience Center—NLeSC, www.esciencecenter.nl, The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. VL - 17 IS - 2 PB - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ER -